Exposure assessment

Methodology

Grains

28.               Exposure assessments were conducted on a survey population basis using consumption data and the corresponding LB and UB median occurrence values. Median occurrence levels were calculated for the sum of T-2 and HT-2 toxins (µg/kg) to avoid skewing the overall exposure, due to the wide concentration range of the reported occurrence levels. This was applied to all grains and the exposure “scenarios” were as follows:

• Oat grains only,
• All grains; and,
• Ready To Eat (RTE).

29.               A single food group was created, comprising of all the potential sources of oat consumption in NDNS food groups, for estimating exposure to the sum of T-2 and HT-2 from consumption of oat grains only (Tables 2-5). Exposure to the sum of T-2 and HT-2 from this food group was estimated from NDNS consumption data, using occurrence estimates under the following scenarios:

• Unprocessed oat grains,
•  Unprocessed oat grains after application of a reduction factor of 85%,
• Processed oat grains (submitted by industry as ‘already processed'); and,
• “Oats combined” (the amalgamation of the occurrence data described in the second and third bullet points above).

30.               Additional food groups were created for estimating exposure to the sum of T-2 and HT-2 from consumption of cereal grains other than oat grains, no reduction factors were identified for these cereal grains. The following scenarios were applied:

a)    Unprocessed wheat grains,

b)    Processed wheat grains,

c)     Unprocessed barley grains; and,

d)    Processed barley grains.

31.               Acute and chronic exposures for all grains (Tables 6-9) were estimated for the sum of T-2 and HT-2 (mean and 97.5^th percentile).

Ready To Eat (RTE) foods

32.               For RTE foods, the exposure assessments were on a consumer basis using mean and maximum occurrence levels. The data was verified by applying the same inclusion criteria as for grains (described in paragraph 13).

33.               Chronic and acute exposures to individual toxins (T-2 or HT-2) (mean and 97.5^th percentile) were calculated using the mean and maximum concentration of either T-2 or HT-2 occurrence data. Estimated exposures to the sum of T-2 and HT-2 were only calculated for infant cereal, as this was the only food category for which data was available for the sum of T-2 and HT-2. Mean and maximum occurrence levels were used, as the datasets were not sufficient to calculate the median for the sum of the respective mycotoxin.

Consumption data

34.               Consumption data from the NDNS (Bates et al., 2014, 2016, 2020; Roberts et al., 2018), as well as the Diet and Nutrition Survey of Infants and Young Children (DNSIYC) (Department of Health, 2011) were used for the exposure assessments.

35.               The grain food groups used for this assessment were derived by mapping FoodEx2 codes onto NDNS and DNSIYC food codes using an inhouse FSA recipes database. Consumption and subsequent exposures were calculated for the following population groups:

• Infants (4-18 months).
• Toddlers (1.5-3 years).
• Children (4-10 years).
• Older children (11-18 years).
• Adults (19-64 years).
•  Older adults (≥ 65 years).
• Adult vegetarians/vegans (19-64 years); and,
• Women of childbearing age (16-49 years). 

36.               For the RTE food groups, each group was derived from FoodEx2 codes. These codes were searched in the FSA recipe database to identify and match NDNS and DNSIYC food codes. The consumption and subsequent estimated exposure for RTEs were calculated in the following population groups:

• Infants (4-18 months).
• Toddlers (1.5-3 years).
• Adults (19-64 years old); and,
• Adult vegetarians/vegans (19-64 years).

37.            However, where infant RTE foods only were available, consumption and subsequent estimated exposures were calculated in infants and toddlers only.

Results

38.            Chronic and acute exposure estimates are presented in Tables 2-9 (cereal grains) and Tables 10-13 (RTE). These tables summarise the mean and 97.5^th percentile exposure to the sum of T-2 and HT-2 for the different cereal grains or T-2 or HT-2 for RTE foods.

Unprocessed oat grains

Chronic exposure

39.           Table 2 provides chronic exposure estimates resulting from the application of a reduction factor of 85% to unprocessed oat grains. After application of the reduction factor, the lowest exposures were in older children (11-18 years), with mean and 97.5^th percentile exposures of 0.0014-0.0019 (LB-UB) and 0.0098-0.013 (LB-UB) µg/kg body weight (bw), respectively; the highest exposures were in infants and toddlers, where UB exposures at the 97.5^th percentiles were up to 0.05 µg/kg bw/day.

40.           Estimated exposures from unprocessed oat grains have been included in Table 2 for comparison, with a UB 97.5^th percentile exposure of up to 0.29 µg/kg bw in infants (4-18 months) and toddlers (1.5-3 years; 0.28 µg/kg bw).

Table 1: Chronic exposures to sum of T-2 and HT-2 from unprocessed oat grains and unprocessed oat grains with a reduction factor applied (µg/kg bw/day; LB-UB). Consumption data was based on DNSYIC and NDNS years 1-11, occurrence data was collected from the FSA’s call for evidence.

Infants (4-18 months) (n=2683)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Unprocessed oats**	4083	170.44	0.047	0.29
Unprocessed oats with reduction factor+	4083	22.20-30.00	0.0061-0.0083	0.038-0.051

Toddlers (1.5-3 years) (n=1157)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Unprocessed oats**	4083	170.44	0.044	0.28
Unprocessed oats with reduction factor+	4083	22.20-30.00	0.0058 – 0.0078	0.037 – 0.050

Children (4-10 years) (n=2537)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Unprocessed oats**	4083	170.44	0.028	0.17
Unprocessed oats with reduction factor+	4083	22.20-30.00	0.0037 – 0.0050	0.023 – 0.031

Older Children (11-18 years) (n=2657)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Unprocessed oats**	4083	170.44	0.011	0.076
Unprocessed oats with reduction factor+	4083	22.20-30.00	0.0014 – 0.0019	0.0098 – 0.013

Adults (19-64 years) (n=5094)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Unprocessed oats**	4083	170.44	0.014	0.095
Unprocessed oats with reduction factor+	4083	22.20-30.00	0.0018 – 0.0024	0.012 – 0.017

Elderly (65+ years) (n=1538)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Unprocessed oats**	4083	170.44	0.020	0.10
Unprocessed oats with reduction factor+	4083	22.20-30.00	0.0026 – 0.0035	0.013 – 0.018

Adult Vegetarians / Vegans (19-64 years) (n=170)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Unprocessed oats**	4083	170.44	0.024	0.14
Unprocessed oats with reduction factor+	4083	22.20-30.00	0.0031 – 0.0042	0.018 – 0.025

Women of Childbearing age (16-49 years) (n=2556)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Unprocessed oats**	4083	170.44	0.012	0.081
Unprocessed oats with reduction factor+	4083	22.20-30.00	0.0016 – 0.0022	0.011 – 0.014

*Estimates have been rounded to 2 significant figures.

**Unprocessed oat grains- oat grains without processing (raw primary commodity (RPC)).

+ Oat grains with reduction factor - unprocessed oat grains with reduction factor (85%) applied.

LB - Lower bound: values below the limit of quantification (LOQ) are treated as zero; UB - Upper bound: values below the LOQ are treated as at the LOQ.

** If single value is shown, it indicates that the exposures are based on detected values above the LOQ.

Acute exposure

41.               Table 3 provides acute exposure estimates resulting from the application of a reduction factor of 85% to the occurrence data for unprocessed oat grains. After application of the reduction factor, the lowest exposures were in women of childbearing age (16-49 years) with mean and 97.5^th percentile exposures of 0.0032-0.0043 (LB-UB) and 0.019-0.026 (LB-UB) µg/kg bw, respectively. The highest exposures were in infants (4-18 months) with mean and 97.5^th percentile exposures of 0.013-0.018 (LB-UB) and 0.075-0.10 (LB-UB) µg/kg bw, respectively.

42.               Without the application of a reduction factor to unprocessed oat grains, the highest acute exposures were seen in infants (4-18 months) with mean and 97.5^th percentile exposures of 0.10 and 0.58 µg/kg bw, and toddlers with mean and 97.5^th percentile exposures of 0.096 and 0.54 µg/kg bw, respectively.

Table 2: Acute exposure to the sum of T-2 and HT-2 from unprocessed oat grains and unprocessed oat grains with applied reduction factor based on DNSYIC and NDNS years 1-11 consumption data and occurrence data collected from the FSA call for evidence (µg/kg bw/day; LB-UB).

Infants (4-18 months) (n=2683)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Unprocessed oats**	4083	170.44	0.10	0.58
Unprocessed oats with reduction factor+	4083	22.20-30.00	0.013-0.018	0.075-0.10

Toddlers (1.5-3 years) (n=1157)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Unprocessed oats**	4083	170.44	0.096	0.54
Unprocessed oats with reduction factor+	4083	22.20-30.00	0.013 – 0.017	0.070 – 0.094

Children (4-10 years) (n=2537)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Unprocessed oats**	4083	170.44	0.063	0.33
Unprocessed oats with reduction factor+	4083	22.20-30.00	0.0081 – 0.011	0.043 – 0.059

Older Children (11-18 years) (n=2657)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Unprocessed oats**	4083	170.44	0.025	0.16
Unprocessed oats with reduction factor+	4083	22.20-30.00	0.0033 – 0.0045	0.021 – 0.028

Adults (19-64 years) (n=5094)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Unprocessed oats**	4083	170.44	0.026	0.15
Unprocessed oats with reduction factor+	4083	22.20-30.00	0.0034 – 0.0046	0.020 – 0.027

Elderly (65+ years) (n=1538)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Unprocessed oats**	4083	170.44	0.032	0.15
Unprocessed oats with reduction factor+	4083	22.20-30.00	0.0042 – 0.0057	0.019 – 0.026

Adult Vegetarians / Vegans (19-64 years) (n=170)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Unprocessed oats**	4083	170.44	0.047	0.24
Unprocessed oats with reduction factor+	4083	22.20-30.00	0.0061 – 0.0082	0.031 – 0.042

Women of Childbearing age (16-49 years) (n=2556)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Unprocessed oats**	4083	170.44	0.024	0.15
Unprocessed oats with reduction factor+	4083	22.20-30.00	0.0032 – 0.0043	0.019 – 0.026

*Estimates have been rounded to 2 significant figures.

**Unprocessed oat grains- oat grains without processing (raw primary commodity (RPC)).

+ Oat grains with reduction factor - unprocessed oat grains with reduction factor (85%) applied.

LB - Lower bound: values below the limit of quantification (LOQ) are treated as zero; UB - Upper bound: values below the LOQ are treated as at the LOQ.

 ** If single value is shown, it indicates that the exposures are based on detected values above the LOQ.

Processed grains and oats combined

43.               The data presented in Tables 4 and 5 provide exposures from processed oat grains, as provided via the call for evidence, unprocessed oat grains with a reduction factor applied (85%) and oats combined. Oats combined, which are unprocessed oats with a reduction factor applied plus processed oats (see paragraph 29) reflect a more realistic exposure scenario for the UK population, taking account of any occurrence data of processed oat grains submitted by industry (small overall number) and unprocessed oats to which a reduction factor has been applied (the majority of the data).

Chronic exposure

44.               Table 4 shows chronic exposures from oat grains, i.e. processed oat grains, unprocessed oat grains with a reduction factor applied and oats combined.

45.               The lowest chronic exposures for processed oat grains were for older children (11-18 years), with mean and P97.5^th percentile exposures of 0.0016 and 0.011 µg/kg bw, respectively while the highest chronic exposures were in infants (4-18 months) with mean and P97.5^th percentile of 0.0069 and 0.043 µg/kg bw, respectively.

46.               For oats combined, the lowest chronic exposures were in older children (11-18 years) with mean and 97.5^th percentile of 0.0015-0.0019 (LB-UB) and 0.010-0.013 (LB-UB) µg/kg bw, respectively, while the highest chronic exposures were in infants (4-18 months) with mean and 97.5^th percentile of 0.0063-0.0083 (LB-UB) and 0.039-0.051 (LB-UB) µg/kg bw, respectively. Toddlers (1.5-3 years) had similar exposures to infants.

47.               The application of a reduction factor to unprocessed oat grains resulted in similar exposures to those reported for processed oat grains submitted by industry. This observation supports the choice of the reduction factor that was applied to unprocessed oat grains.

Table 3: Chronic exposure to the sum of T-2 and HT-2 from processed oat grains, unprocessed oat grains with applied reduction factor, and oats combined based on DNSYIC and NDNS years 1-11 consumption data and occurrence data collected from the FSA call for evidence (µg/kg bw/day; LB-UB).

Infants (4-18 months) (n=2683)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Processed oats**	443	25	0.0069	0.043
Unprocessed oats with reduction factor+	4083	22.20-30.00	0.0061-0.0083	0.038-0.051
Oats combined ++	4526	22.95 – 30.00	0.0063-0.0083	0.039-0.051

Toddlers (1.5-3 years) (n=1157)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Processed oats**	443	25	0.0065	0.042
Unprocessed oats with reduction factor+	4083	22.20-30.00	0.0058 – 0.0078	0.037 – 0.050
Oats combined ++	4526	22.95 – 30.00	0.0060 – 0.0078	0.038 – 0.050

Children (4-10 years) (n=2537)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Processed oats**	443	25	0.0042	0.025
Unprocessed oats with reduction factor+	4083	22.20-30.00	0.0037 – 0.0050	0.023 – 0.031
Oats combined ++	4526	22.95 – 30.00	0.0038 – 0.0050	0.023 – 0.031

Older Children (11-18 years) (n=2657)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Processed oats**	443	25	0.0016	0.011
Unprocessed oats with reduction factor+	4083	22.20-30.00	0.0014 – 0.0019	0.0098 – 0.013
Oats combined ++	4526	22.95 – 30.00	0.0015 – 0.0019	0.010 – 0.013

Adults (19-64 years) (n=5094)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Processed oats**	443	25	0.0020	0.014
Unprocessed oats with reduction factor+	4083	22.20-30.00	0.0018 – 0.0024	0.012 – 0.017
Oats combined ++	4526	22.95 – 30.00	0.0019 – 0.0024	0.013 – 0.017

Elderly (65+ years) (n=1538)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Processed oats**	443	25	0.0029	0.015
Unprocessed oats with reduction factor+	4083	22.20-30.00	0.0026 – 0.0035	0.013 – 0.018
Oats combined ++	4526	22.95 – 30.00	0.0027 – 0.0035	0.014 – 0.018

Adult Vegetarians / Vegans (19-64 years) (n=170)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Processed oats**	443	25	0.0035	0.021
Unprocessed oats with reduction factor+	4083	22.20-30.00	0.0031 – 0.0042	0.018 – 0.025
Oats combined ++	4526	22.95 – 30.00	0.0032 – 0.0042	0.019 – 0.025

Women of Childbearing age (16-49 years) (n=2556)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Processed oats**	443	25	0.0018	0.012
Unprocessed oats with reduction factor+	4083	22.20-30.00	0.0016 – 0.0022	0.011 – 0.014
Oats combined ++	4526	22.95 – 30.00	0.0017 – 0.0022	0.011 – 0.014

*Estimates have been rounded to 2 significant figures.

+Oat grains with reduction factor - unprocessed oat grains with reduction factor applied.

**Processed oat grains – RPC derivatives/ ingredients i.e. RPCs which have undergone basic processing such as grinding, milling or crushing.

++ Oats combined - combination of processed oat grains and unprocessed oat grains with reduction factor (85%).

LB - Lower bound: values below the limit of quantification (LOQ) are treated as zero; UB - Upper bound: values below the LOQ are treated as at the LOQ.  

** If single value is shown, it indicates that the exposures are based on detected values above the LOQ.

Acute exposure

48.               Table 5 shows the acute exposures from oat grains, i.e. processed oat grains, unprocessed oat grains with a reduction factor applied and oats combined.

49.               For processed oat grains the lowest acute exposures were in women of childbearing age (16-49 years) with mean and P97.5^th percentile exposures of 0.0036 and 0.021 µg/kg bw, respectively, while the highest acute exposures were in infants (4-18 months) with mean and P97.5^th percentile exposures of 0.015 and 0.085 µg/kg bw, respectively.

50.               For oats combined, the lowest chronic exposures were in women of childbearing age (16-49 years) with mean and 97.5^th percentile exposures of 0.0033-0.0043 (LB-UB) and 0.020-0.026 (LB-UB) µg/kg bw, respectively, while the highest chronic exposures were in infants (4-18 months) with mean and 97.5^th percentile exposures of 0.014-0.018 (LB-UB) and 0.078-0.10 (LB-UB) µg/kg bw, respectively. Toddlers has similar exposures to infants.

51.               Application of a reduction factor of 85% to the levels obtained for unprocessed oat grains resulted in similar exposures to data submitted for processed oat grains (LB) for all population groups.

Table 4: Acute exposure to sum of T-2 and HT-2 from processed oat grains, unprocessed oat grains with applied reduction factor, and oats combined based on DNSYIC and NDNS years 1-11 consumption data and occurrence data collected from the FSA call for evidence (µg/kg bw/day; LB-UB).

Infants (4-18 months) (n=2683)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Processed oats**	443	25	0.015	0.085
Unprocessed oats with reduction factor+	4083	22.20-30.00	0.013-0.018	0.075-0.10
Oats combined++	4526	22.95 – 30.00	0.014-0.018	0.078-0.10

Toddlers (1.5-3 years) (n=1157)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Processed oats**	443	25	0.014	0.079
Unprocessed oats with reduction factor+	4083	22.20-30.00	0.013 – 0.017	0.070 – 0.094
Oats combined++	4526	22.95 – 30.00	0.013 – 0.017	0.072 – 0.094

Children (4-10 years) (n=2537)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Processed oats**	443	25	0.0092	0.049
Unprocessed oats with reduction factor+	4083	22.20-30.00	0.0081 – 0.011	0.043 – 0.059
Oats combined++	4526	22.95 – 30.00	0.0084 – 0.011	0.045 – 0.059

Older Children (11-18 years) (n=2657)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Processed oats**	443	25	0.0037	0.023
Unprocessed oats with reduction factor+	4083	22.20-30.00	0.0033 – 0.0045	0.021 – 0.028
Oats combined++	4526	22.95 – 30.00	0.0034 – 0.0045	0.021 – 0.028

Adults (19-64 years) (n=5094)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Processed oats**	443	25	0.0038	0.022
Unprocessed oats with reduction factor+	4083	22.20-30.00	0.0034 – 0.0046	0.020 – 0.027
Oats combined++	4526	22.95 – 30.00	0.0035 – 0.0046	0.021 – 0.027

Elderly (65+ years) (n=1538)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Processed oats**	443	25	0.0047	0.022
Unprocessed oats with reduction factor+	4083	22.20-30.00	0.0042 – 0.0057	0.019 – 0.026
Oats combined++	4526	22.95 – 30.00	0.0043– 0.0057	0.020 – 0.026

Adult Vegetarians / Vegans (19-64 years) (n=170)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Processed oats**	443	25	0.0069	0.035
Unprocessed oats with reduction factor+	4083	22.20-30.00	0.0061 – 0.0082	0.031 – 0.042
Oats combined++	4526	22.95 – 30.00	0.0063 – 0.0082	0.032 – 0.042

Women of Childbearing age (16-49 years) (n=2556)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Processed oats**	443	25	0.0036	0.021
Unprocessed oats with reduction factor+	4083	22.20-30.00	0.0032 – 0.0043	0.019 – 0.026
Oats combined++	4526	22.95 – 30.00	0.0033 – 0.0043	0.020 – 0.026

*Estimates have been rounded to 2 significant figures.

+Oats with reduction factor - unprocessed oat grains with reduction factor applied.

**Processed oat grains – RPC derivatives/ ingredients i.e. RPCs which have undergone basic processing such as grinding, milling or crushing.

++ Oats combined - combination of processed oat grains and unprocessed oat grains with reduction factor (85%).

LB - Lower bound: values below the limit of quantification (LOQ) are treated as zero; UB - Upper bound: values below the LOQ are treated as at the LOQ.  

** If single value is shown, it indicates that the exposures are based on detected values above the LOQ.

Total exposure from all grains

52.               The total exposure from all grains was considered under two different scenarios and the data are presented in Tables 6-9, i.e. exposures from (i) the sum of processed barley grains, wheat grains and oat grains (Tables 6-7), and (ii) the sum of unprocessed barley grains, wheat grains, and oat grains (Tables 8-9).

53.                The exposure from the sum of unprocessed grains was included for completeness, taking into account the cleaning and further suitability checks the data underwent. However, this is as a worst-case scenario and an overestimation of real-life exposures.

Processed grains

54.               Tables 6 and 7 show the estimated exposures from processed barley grains, processed wheat grains, and oats combined (the sum of processed oat grains submitted by industry and unprocessed oat grains to which a reduction factor has been applied). Tables 6 and 7 also include the estimated exposures to the sum of all grains.  

Chronic exposure

55.               Table 6 shows that oats combined was the main contributor to the overall chronic exposure from all three grain types, in all population groups. Exposures from barley made the lowest contribution to the overall exposure.

56.               The highest chronic estimated exposures to the sum of all processed grains were in infants (4-18 months) with mean and 97.5^th percentile exposures of 0.0063-0.010 (LB- UB), and 0.039-0.052 (LB-UB) µg/kg bw, respectively, with toddlers having similar exposure estimates. The lowest chronic exposures were seen in older children with mean and 97.5^th percentile exposures of 0.0015-0.0039 (LB-UB), and 0.010-0.017 (LB-UB) µg/kg bw, respectively.

Table 5: Chronic exposure to sum of T-2 and HT-2 from processed barley, oats combined (combination of processed oat grains and unprocessed oat grains with reduction factor) (RPC) and processed wheat based on DNSYIC and NDNS years 1-11 consumption data and occurrence data collected from the FSA call for evidence (µg/kg bw/day; LB-UB).

Infants (4-18 months) (n=2683)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Oats combined ++	4526	22.95 – 30.00	0.0063-0.0083	0.039-0.051
Processed wheat grains	454	0 -2.00	0-0.0018	0-0.0062
Processed barley grains	25	0 -10.00	0-0.00010	0-0.00055
All grains sum	NA	NA	0.0063-0.010	0.039-0.052

Toddlers (1.5-3 years) (n=1157)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Oats combined ++	4526	22.95 – 30.00	0.0060 – 0.0078	0.038 – 0.050
Processed wheat grains	454	0 -2.00	0-0.0032	0-0.0080
Processed barley grains	25	0 -10.00	0- 0.00013	0- 0.0011
All grains sum	NA	NA	0.0060-0.011	0.038-0.053

Children (4-10 years) (n=2537)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Oats combined ++	4526	22.95 – 30.00	0.0038 – 0.0050	0.023 – 0.031
Processed wheat grains	454	0 -2.00	0-0.0031	0- 0.0073
Processed barley grains	25	0 -10.00	0- 0.00010	0- 0.00082
All grains sum	NA	NA	0.0038-0.0082	0.023-0.035

Older Children (11-18 years) (n=2657)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Oats combined ++	4526	22.95 – 30.00	0.0015 – 0.0019	0.010 – 0.013
Processed wheat grains	454	0 -2.00	0-0.0018	0-0.0043
Processed barley grains	25	0 -10.00	0- 0.00017	0- 0.00052
All grains sum	NA	NA	0.0015-0.0039	0.010-0.017

Adults (19-64 years) (n=5094)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Oats combined ++	4526	22.95 – 30.00	0.0019 – 0.0024	0.013 – 0.017
Processed wheat grains	454	0 -2.00	0-0.0011	0-0.0029
Processed barley grains	25	0 -10.00	0-0.0039	0- 0.052
All grains sum	NA	NA	0.0019-0.0075	0.013-0.059

Elderly (65+ years) (n=1538)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Oats combined ++	4526	22.95 – 30.00	0.0027 – 0.0035	0.014 – 0.018
Processed wheat grains	454	0 -2.00	0-0.00097	0-0.0024
Processed barley grains	25	0 -10.00	0-0.0054	0-0.071
All grains sum	NA	NA	0.0027-0.0099	0.014-0.075

Adult Vegetarians / Vegans (19-64 years) (n=170)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Oats combined ++	4526	22.95 – 30.00	0.0032 – 0.0042	0.019 – 0.025
Processed wheat grains	454	0 -2.00	0-0.0013	0-0.0031
Processed barley grains	25	0 -10.00	0-0.0036	0-0.035
All grains sum	NA	NA	0.0032-0.0091	0.019-0.047

Women of Childbearing age (16-49 years) (n=2556)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Oats combined ++	4526	22.95 – 30.00	0.0017 – 0.0022	0.011 – 0.014
Processed wheat grains	454	0 -2.00	0-0.0011	0-0.0028
Processed barley grains	25	0 -10.00	0- 0.00061	0-0.0010
All grains sum	NA	NA	0.0017-0.0039	0.011-0.019

*Estimates have been rounded to 2 significant figures.

++ Oats combined - combination of processed oat grains and unprocessed oat grains with reduction factor (identical to “Oats combined” from Table 4 above).

LB - Lower bound: values below the limit of quantification (LOQ) are treated as zero; UB - Upper bound: values below the LOQ are treated as at the LOQ.  

Acute exposure

57.               Table 7 shows that as for chronic exposures, for acute exposures, oats combined was the main contributor to the overall exposure derived for all three grain types, in all population groups. Exposures from barley made the lowest contribution to the overall exposure.

58.               For the sum of all processed grains the highest acute exposure estimates were in infants (4-18 months) with mean and 97.5^th percentile exposures of 0.014-0.021 (LB-UB), and 0.078-0.10 (LB-UB) µg/kg bw, respectively, exposures in toddlers (1.5-3 years) were similar. The lowest acute exposure estimates were in women of childbearing age (16-49 years) with mean and 97.5^th percentile exposures of 0.0033-0.0082 (LB-UB), and 0.020-0.034 (LB-UB) µg/kg bw, respectively.

Table 6: Acute exposure to sum of T-2 and HT-2 from processed barley, oats combined (combination of processed oat grains and unprocessed oat grains with reduction factor), and processed wheat based on DNSYIC and NDNS years 1-11 consumption data and occurrence data collected from the FSA call for evidence (µg/kg bw/day; LB-UB).

Infants (4-18 months) (n=2683)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Oats combined ++	4526	22.95 – 30.00	0.014-0.018	0.078-0.10
Processed wheat	454	0 -2.00	0-0.0035	0-0.011
Processed barley grains	25	0 -10.00	0-0.00031	0-0.0016
All grains	NA	NA	0.014-0.021	0.078-0.10

Toddlers (1.5-3 years) (n=1157)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Oats combined ++	4526	22.95 – 30.00	0.013 – 0.017	0.072 – 0.094
Processed wheat	454	0 -2.00	0-0.0058	0-0.014
Processed barley grains	25	0 -10.00	0- 0.00038	0- 0.0036
All grains	NA	NA	0.013-0.022	0.072-0.097

Children (4-10 years) (n=2537)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Oats combined ++	4526	22.95 – 30.00	0.0084 – 0.011	0.045 – 0.059
Processed wheat	454	0 -2.00	0-0.0054	0- 0.012
Processed barley grains	25	0 -10.00	0- 0.00027	0- 0.0022
All grains	NA	NA	0.0084-0.016	0.045-0.062

Older Children (11-18 years) (n=2657)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Oats combined ++	4526	22.95 – 30.00	0.0034 – 0.0045	0.021 – 0.028
Processed wheat	454	0 -2.00	0-0.0033	0-0.0081
Processed barley grains	25	0 -10.00	0- 0.00058	0- 0.0013
All grains	NA	NA	0.0034-0.0077	0.021-0.032

Adults (19-64 years) (n=5094)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Oats combined ++	4526	22.95 – 30.00	0.0035 – 0.0046	0.021 – 0.027
Processed wheat	454	0 -2.00	0-0.0022	0-0.0055
Processed barley grains	25	0 -10.00	0-0.011	0- 0.16
All grains	NA	NA	0.0035-0.017	0.021-0.16

Elderly (65+ years) (n=1538)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Oats combined ++	4526	22.95 – 30.00	0.0043– 0.0057	0.020 – 0.026
Processed wheat	454	0 -2.00	0-0.0017	0-0.0040
Processed barley grains	25	0 -10.00	0-0.013	0-0.18
All grains	NA	NA	0.0043-0.020	0.020-0.19

Adult Vegetarians / Vegans (19-64 years) (n=170)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Oats combined ++	4526	22.95 – 30.00	0.0063 – 0.0082	0.032 – 0.042
Processed wheat	454	0 -2.00	0-0.0025	0-0.0053
Processed barley grains	25	0 -10.00	0-0.014	0-0.11
All grains	NA	NA	0.0063-0.024	0.032-0.12

Women of Childbearing age (16-49 years) (n=2556)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Oats combined ++	4526	22.95 – 30.00	0.0033 – 0.0043	0.020 – 0.026
Processed wheat	454	0 -2.00	0-0.0022	0-0.0057
Processed barley grains	25	0 -10.00	0- 0.0021	0-0.0023
All grains	NA	NA	0.0033-0.0082	0.020-0.034

*Estimates have been rounded to 2 significant figures.

++ Oats combined - combination of processed oat grains and unprocessed oat grains with reduction factor (identical to “Oats combined” from Table 5 above).

LB - Lower bound: values below the limit of quantification (LOQ) are treated as zero; UB - Upper bound: values below the LOQ are treated as at the LOQ.  

All unprocessed grains

59.               Table 8 and Table 9 provide the estimated exposures to the sum off all three grain types, unprocessed.

Chronic exposure

60.               Table 8 provides an estimate of the worst-case scenario as it shows the estimated chronic exposures of the sum of T-2 and HT-2 from all three grain types in their unprocessed form. The data shows that across all age groups, the lowest contribution to the overall exposure was from unprocessed barley. Unprocessed oat grains made the highest contribution to the overall.

61.               The highest chronic exposure estimates for the sum of all three grain types were in infants (4-18 months) and toddlers (1.5-3 years), with a mean and 97.5^th percentile exposure of 0-0.056/0.061 (LB-UB) and 0-0.29 (LB-UB) µg/kg bw, respectively. The lowest chronic exposure estimates were in older children (11-18 years), with a mean and 97.5^th percentile exposure of 0-0.020 (LB-UB) and 0-0.089 (LB-UB) µg/kg bw, respectively.

Table 7: Chronic exposure to sum of T-2 and HT-2 from unprocessed oat grains, unprocessed wheat grains, and unprocessed barley grains based on DNSYIC and NDNS years 1-11 consumption data and occurrence data collected from the FSA call for evidence (µg/kg bw/day; LB-UB).

Infants (4-18 months) (n=2683)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Unprocessed oats**	4083	170.44	0.047	0.29
Unprocessed wheat grains	192	0 -10.00	0-0.0091	0-0.031
Unprocessed barley grains	105	0 -10.00	0-0.00010	0-0.00055
All grains sum	NA	NA	0-0.056	0-0.29

Toddlers (1.5-3 years) (n=1157)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Unprocessed oats**	4083	170.44	0.044	0.28
Unprocessed wheat grains	192	0 -10.00	0-0.016	0-0.040
Unprocessed barley grains	105	0 -10.00	0- 0.00013	0- 0.0011
All grains sum	NA	NA	0-0.061	0-0.29

Children (4-10 years) (n=2537)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Unprocessed oats**	4083	170.44	0.028	0.17
Unprocessed wheat grains	192	0 -10.00	0-0.015	0- 0.036
Unprocessed barley grains	105	0 -10.00	0- 0.00010	0- 0.00082
All grains sum	NA	NA	0-0.044	0-0.20

Older Children (11-18 years) (n=2657)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Unprocessed oats**	4083	170.44	0.011	0.076
Unprocessed wheat grains	192	0 -10.00	0-0.0089	0-0.022
Unprocessed barley grains	105	0 -10.00	0- 0.00017	0- 0.00052
All grains sum	NA	NA	0-0.020	0-0.089

Adults (19-64 years) (n=5094)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Unprocessed oats**	4083	170.44	0.014	0.095
Unprocessed wheat grains	192	0 -10.00	0-0.0056	0-0.015
Unprocessed barley grains	105	0 -10.00	0-0.0039	0- 0.052
All grains sum	NA	NA	0-0.023	0-0.12

Elderly (65+ years) (n=1538)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Unprocessed oats**	4083	170.44	0.020	0.10
Unprocessed wheat grains	192	0 -10.00	0-0.0048	0-0.012
Unprocessed barley grains	105	0 -10.00	0-0.0054	0-0.071
All grains sum	NA	NA	0-0.030	0-0.15

Adult Vegetarians / Vegans (19-64 years) (n=170)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Unprocessed oats**	4083	170.44	0.024	0.14
Unprocessed wheat grains	192	0 -10.00	0-0.0063	0-0.015
Unprocessed barley grains	105	0 -10.00	0-0.0036	0-0.035
All grains sum	NA	NA	0-0.034	0-0.15

Women of Childbearing age (16-49 years) (n=2556)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Unprocessed oats**	4083	170.44	0.012	0.081
Unprocessed wheat grains	192	0 -10.00	0-0.0057	0-0.014
Unprocessed barley grains	105	0 -10.00	0- 0.00061	0-0.0010
All grains sum	NA	NA	0-0.019	0-0.093

*Estimates have been rounded to 2 significant figures.

**Unprocessed oat grains – oat grains without processing (raw primary commodity (RPC)).

LB - Lower bound: values below the limit of quantification (LOQ) are treated as zero; UB - Upper bound: values below the LOQ are treated as at the LOQ.

** If single value is shown, it indicates that the exposures are based on detected values above the LOQ.

Acute exposure

62.               Table 9 provides a worst-case scenario with estimated acute exposures of the sum of all unprocessed grains. As with chronic exposure estimates, the data shows that across all age groups, the lowest contribution to the exposure was from unprocessed barley while the highest contribution was from unprocessed oat grains.

63.               The highest acute exposure estimates to the sum of all three grain types were in infants (4-18 months) and toddlers (1.5-3 years) with mean and 97.5^th percentile exposures of 0-0.12 (LB-UB) and 0-0.59/0.055 (LB-UB) µg/kg bw, respectively, while the lowest acute exposure was in women of childbearing age (19-64 years) with mean and 97.5^th percentile exposures of 0-0.035 (LB-UB) and 0-0.17 (LB-UB) µg/kg bw, respectively.

Table 8: Acute exposure to sum of T-2 and HT-2 from unprocessed oat grains, unprocessed wheat grains, and unprocessed barley grains based on DNSYIC and NDNS years 1-11 consumption data and occurrence data collected from the FSA call for evidence (µg/kg bw/day; LB-UB).

Infants (4-18 months) (n=2683)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Unprocessed oats**	4083	170.44	0.10	0.58
Unprocessed wheat grains	192	0 -10.00	0-0.018	0-0.056
Unprocessed barley grains	105	0 -10.00	0-0.00031	0-0.0016
All grains	NA	NA	0-0.12	0-0.59

Toddlers (1.5-3 years) (n=1157)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Unprocessed oats**	4083	170.44	0.096	0.54
Unprocessed wheat grains	192	0 -10.00	0-0.029	0-0.069
Unprocessed barley grains	105	0 -10.00	0- 0.00038	0- 0.0036
All grains	NA	NA	0-0.12	0-0.55

Children (4-10 years) (n=2537)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Unprocessed oats**	4083	170.44	0.063	0.33
Unprocessed wheat grains	192	0 -10.00	0-0.027	0- 0.062
Unprocessed barley grains	105	0 -10.00	0- 0.00027	0- 0.0022
All grains	NA	NA	0-0.084	0-0.35

Older Children (11-18 years) (n=2657)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Unprocessed oats**	4083	170.44	0.025	0.16
Unprocessed wheat grains	192	0 -10.00	0-0.016	0-0.040
Unprocessed barley grains	105	0 -10.00	0- 0.00058	0- 0.0013
All grains	NA	NA	0-0.040	0-0.17

Adults (19-64 years) (n=5094)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Unprocessed oats**	4083	170.44	0.026	0.15
Unprocessed wheat grains	192	0 -10.00	0-0.011	0-0.028
Unprocessed barley grains	105	0 -10.00	0-0.011	0- 0.16
All grains	NA	NA	0-0.045	0-0.24

Elderly (65+ years) (n=1538)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Unprocessed oats**	4083	170.44	0.032	0.15
Unprocessed wheat grains	192	0 -10.00	0-0.0084	0-0.020
Unprocessed barley grains	105	0 -10.00	0-0.013	0-0.18
All grains	NA	NA	0-0.051	0-0.24

Adult Vegetarians / Vegans (19-64 years) (n=170)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Unprocessed oats**	4083	170.44	0.047	0.24
Unprocessed wheat grains	192	0 -10.00	0-0.012	0-0.027
Unprocessed barley grains	105	0 -10.00	0-0.014	0-0.11
All grains	NA	NA	0-0.069	0-0.34

Women of Childbearing age (16-49 years) (n=2556)

Food groups	Count of T-2 HT-2 data call samples (n)	Median T-2/HT-2 concentration µg/kg LB-UB	Mean*	P97.5*
Unprocessed oats**	4083	170.44	0.024	0.15
Unprocessed wheat grains	192	0 -10.00	0-0.011	0-0.028
Unprocessed barley grains	105	0 -10.00	0- 0.0021	0-0.0023
All grains	NA	NA	0-0.035	0-0.17

*Estimates have been rounded to 2 significant figures.

**Unprocessed oat grains – oat grains without processing (raw primary commodity (RPC)).

LB - Lower bound: values below the limit of quantification (LOQ) are treated as zero; UB - Upper bound: values below the LOQ are treated as at the LOQ. 

** If single value is shown, it indicates that the exposures are based on detected values above the LOQ.

Exposure from ready to eat (RTE) foods

64.                Consumer-based exposure estimates were caried out for infants (4-18 months), toddlers (1.5-3 years), adults (19-64 years), and adult vegetarians/vegans (19-64 years) from RTE foods. The chronic and acute exposure estimates are presented in Annex 1 and Annex 2, brief summaries of the exposures are provided here.

65.               The estimated exposures are the mean and 97.5^th percentile exposures based on the mean and maximum concentration (mean-max concentration) of T-2 or HT-2 or the sum of both, where available. Exposures to T-2 or HT-2 only were predominantly used as very few datapoints were available overall for RTE foods and even fewer on the sum of T-2 and HT-2.

Sum of T-2 and HT-2 exposure estimates

66.                Data for the sum of T-2 and HT-2 were only available for infant cereals. Exposure to the sum of T-2 and HT-2 in this group are presented in Annex 1A and Annex 1B for chronic and acute exposure, respectively.

67.               In brief, the highest mean and 97.5th percentile exposures, both for chronic and acute were in infants (4-18 months). Mean and 97.5th percentile chronic exposures were 0.36-0.71 µg/kg bw (mean-max concentration), and 1.5-2.9 µg/kg bw (mean-max concentration) µg/kg bw, respectively, while mean and 97.5th percentile acute exposure were 0.71-1.4 µg/kg bw (mean-max concentration), and 2.6-5.2 µg/kg bw (mean-max concentration) µg/kg bw respectively. However, chronic exposures in toddlers (1.5-3 years) still ranged from 0.22 µg/kg bw (mean) to 1.4 µg/kg bw (97.5th percentile and from 0.52 µg/kg bw (mean) to 2.6 µg/kg bw (97.5th percentile) for acute exposures.

T-2 or HT2 exposure estimates only

68.               Where there were limited data on the sum of T-2 and HT-2 from RTE foods for an exposure assessment, the data on individually reported levels of T-2 or HT-2 were used.

Chronic exposure estimates to T-2

69.               The highest chronic exposure estimates to T-2 from RTE foods were from oat porridge in infants (4-18 months) with mean and 97.5^th percentile exposures of 0.033-0.10 (mean-max concentration), and 0.17-0.51 (mean-max concentration) µg/kg bw, respectively. The lowest chronic exposure estimates to T-2 from RTE foods were from plain muesli in infants (4-18 months) with mean and 97.5^th percentile exposures of 0.0030-0.0043 (mean-max concentration), and 0.001-0.0015 (mean-max concentration) ng/kg bw, respectively (Annex 2A).  

Acute exposure estimates to T-2

70.               The highest acute exposure estimates for T-2 from RTE foods were from oat porridge in infants (4-18 months), with mean and 97.5^th percentile exposures of 0.074-0.23 (mean-max concentration), and 0.27-0.83 (mean-max concentration) µg/kg bw, respectively. The lowest acute exposure estimates to T-2 from RTE foods were from plain muesli in infants (4-18 months) with mean and 97.5^th percentile of 0.00073-0.0011 (mean-max concentration), and 0.0025-0.0036 (mean-max concentration) µg/kg bw, respectively (Annex 2B). 

Chronic exposure estimates to HT-2

71.               The highest chronic exposure estimates for HT-2 from RTE foods were from infant cereals, in infants (4-18 months), with mean and 97.5^th percentile exposures of 0.70-0.71 (mean-max concentration), and 2.9-2.9 (mean-max concentration) µg/kg bw, respectively. The lowest chronic exposure estimates for HT-2 from RTE foods were from puffs/curls and extruded snacks in adults (19-64 years) with mean and 97.5^th percentile exposures of 0.00064-0.00064 (mean-max concentration), and 0.0020-0.0020 (mean-max concentration) µg/kg bw, respectively (Annex 2C).

Acute exposure estimates to HT-2

72.               The highest acute exposure estimates to HT-2 from RTE foods were from infant cereals, in infants (4-18 months), with mean and 97.5^th percentile exposures of 1.4-1.4 (mean-max concentration), and 5.2-5.2 (mean-max concentration) µg/kg bw, respectively. The lowest acute exposure estimates from HT-2 from RTE foods were from puffs/curls and extruded snacks in adults (19-64 years) with mean and 97.5^th percentile exposures of 0.0018-0.0018 (mean-max concentration), and 0.0050-0.0050 (mean-max concentration) µg/kg bw, respectively (Annex 2D).