In this guide

Annex A to TOX/2026/12 - Fluoridation literature search proposal development

Key search 2C (with NTP chemical terms)

Annex A to TOX/2026/12

Last updated: 24 March 2026

In this guide

This is a paper for discussion. This does not represent the views of the Committee and should not be cited.

102.     (((("Fluorides"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Fluorides, Topical"[Mesh] OR "Sodium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "Calcium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "sulfuryl fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicic acid" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicate" [Supplementary Concept] OR "potassium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "ammonium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "boron trifluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR Fluoride[tiab] OR Fluorides[tiab] OR "16984-48-8"[tiab] OR 16984488[tiab] OR "Fluoride ion"[tiab] OR "Sulfuryl fluoride"[tiab] OR "sulfonyl fluoride"[tiab] OR Vikane[tiab] OR "Fluorosilicic acid"[tiab] OR hydrofluorosilicate[tiab] OR "Sodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "disodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "sodium fluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "Sodium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Potassium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Calcium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Ammonium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR "Diethyl ether-boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR (organopolysiloxanes[tiab] AND "fluorinated group*"[tiab]) OR ((Fluorides[mh:noexp] OR fluorides, topical[mh] OR sodium fluoride[mh] OR Fluorosis, Dental[mh] OR fluorosis[tiab] OR fluorid*[tiab] OR flurid*[tiab] OR florin*[tiab]) NOT (18F[tiab] OR f-18[tiab] OR 19F[tiab] OR f-19[tiab] OR f-labeled[tiab] OR "fluorine-18"[tiab] OR "fluorine-19"[tiab] OR pet-scan[tiab] OR radioligand*[tiab]))) AND ("Liver Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Liver"[Mesh] OR "Kidney Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Kidney"[Mesh] OR "Creatinine"[Mesh] OR "Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury"[Mesh] OR "Gastrointestinal Tract"[Mesh] OR "Urinary Bladder"[Mesh] OR "Urinary Tract"[Mesh] OR "Urologic Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Pancreas"[Mesh] OR "Spleen"[Mesh] OR Hepat*[tiab] OR liver*[tiab] OR hepatotox*[tiab] OR creatinine*[tiab] OR gamma-glutamyl*[tiab] OR transaminase*[tiab] OR aminotransferase*[tiab] OR kidney*[tiab] OR nephrotox*[tiab] OR renal[tiab] OR Bowel*[tiab] OR gastrointestinal*[tiab] OR Gut[tiab] OR Guts[tiab] OR Intestinal*[tiab] OR Urin*[tiab] OR Urogenital*[tiab] OR Pancrea*[tiab] OR Spleen[tiab] OR "Respiratory System"[Mesh] OR Alveol*[tiab] OR Bronch*[tiab] OR Laryn*[tiab] OR Lung*[tiab] OR Mucocil*[tiab] OR Nasal*[tiab] OR Naso*[tiab] OR Nose[tiab] OR Noses[tiab] OR Pharyn*[tiab] OR Pulmon*[tiab] OR "Respiratory system"[tiab] OR Rhino*[tiab] OR Trache*[tiab] OR "Attention"[Mesh] OR "Brain"[Mesh] OR "Brain/growth and development"[Mesh] OR "Cognition Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Cognition"[Mesh] OR "Dementia"[Mesh] OR "Intelligence Tests"[Mesh] OR "Intelligence"[Mesh] OR "Learning Disabilities"[Mesh] OR "Learning"[Mesh] OR "Memory and Learning Tests"[Mesh] OR "Memory Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Memory"[Mesh] OR "Nervous System Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Nervous System"[Mesh] OR "Neurobehavioral Manifestations"[Mesh] OR "Neurocognitive Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Neurodevelopmental disorders"[Mesh] OR "Neurotoxicity Syndromes"[Mesh] OR ((Attention[tiab] OR Behav*[tiab] OR Brain[tiab] OR Brains[tiab] OR cognit*[tiab] OR Coordination[tiab] OR develop*[tiab] OR neur*[tiab] OR nervous[tiab] OR mental[tiab]) AND (deficit*[tiab] OR diagnosis[tiab] OR diagnoses[tiab] OR disease*[tiab] OR disorder*[tiab] OR dysfunction*[tiab] OR impair*[tiab] OR manifestation*[tiab] OR problem*[tiab] OR retard*[tiab] OR syndrome*[tiab] OR patholog*[tiab])) OR (DNT[tiab] NOT dinitrotoluene[tiab]) OR "barnes maze"[tiab] OR "Biel Maze"[tiab] OR "Charcot-Marie-Tooth"[tiab] OR "Cincinnati Maze"[tiab] OR "Contextual Fear"[tiab] OR "developmental period*"[tiab] OR "Guillain-Barre syndrome"[tiab] OR "IQ-test*"[tiab] OR "Long term potentiation*"[tiab] OR "maze-test*"[tiab] OR "mental-recall*"[tiab] OR "Morris water maze"[tiab] OR "nerve-transmi*"[tiab] OR "Nervous system"[tiab] OR "Neuro-development*"[tiab] OR "Neuro-genes*"[tiab] OR "neuronal-transmi*"[tiab] OR "neuro-transm*"[tiab] OR "Novel Object recognition"[tiab] OR "passive avoidance"[tiab] OR "presynaptic-terminal*"[tiab] OR "radial arm maze"[tiab] OR "Rey Osterieth Complex Figure"[tiab] OR "rheumatoid arthritis"[tiab] OR "scholastic-achievement*"[tiab] OR "Sjogren's syndrome"[tiab] OR "spontaneous alternation"[tiab] OR "Synaptic circuit*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic dysfunction*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic impair*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic net"[tiab] OR "Synaptic nets"[tiab] OR "Synaptic network*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic plasticity"[tiab] OR "synaptic-neurotransmi*"[tiab] OR "synaptic-transmi*"[tiab] OR "trace fear"[tiab] OR Alzheimer*[tiab] OR Amnesia[tiab] OR behav*[tiab] OR Cerebell*[tiab] OR Cerebr*[tiab] OR Cortex[tiab] OR CVMT[tiab] OR Dementia[tiab] OR Hippocam*[tiab] OR intelligence[tiab] OR learn*[tiab] OR Locomot*[tiab] OR memory[tiab] OR Neocortex[tiab] OR Neuroanatom*[tiab] OR Neurobehav*[tiab] OR Neurocognit*[tiab] OR Neurodevelop*[tiab] OR Neurodevelopment*[tiab] OR Neurogenes*[tiab] OR Neuropath*[tiab] OR Neurotox*[tiab] OR neurotransmi*[tiab] OR "Fluorosis, Dental"[Mesh] OR "Tooth Diseases"[Mesh:NoExp] OR Fluoros*[tiab] OR "Dental diseas*"[tiab] OR "Mottled Enamel*"[tiab] OR "Skeletal diseas*"[tiab] OR "Tooth diseas*"[tiab] OR "Teeth diseas*"[tiab] OR "abnormalities"[Subheading] OR "adverse effects" [Subheading] OR "Chemically-Induced Disorders"[Mesh] OR "complications" [Subheading] OR "injuries" [Subheading] OR "Long Term Adverse Effects"[Mesh] OR "pathogenicity" [Subheading] OR "Toxicity Tests"[Mesh] OR "toxicity" [Subheading] OR "Toxicological Phenomena"[Mesh] OR ((adverse[tiab] OR chronic[tiab] OR fatal[tiab] OR harmful*[tiab] OR negative[tiab] OR serious[tiab] OR side[tiab] OR Subchronic[tiab] OR undesirable[tiab]) AND (effect*[tiab] OR event*[tiab] OR outcome*[tiab] OR reaction*[tiab])) OR Abnormal*[tiab] OR Anomal*[tiab] OR "Benchmark dose"[tiab] OR "Benchmark doses"[tiab] OR BMD[tiab] OR BMDL[tiab] OR Complication*[tiab] OR Deficien*[tiab] OR Deleterious[tiab] OR "Dose effect"[tiab] OR "Dose response"[tiab] OR Hazard*[tiab] OR injurious[tiab] OR Intox*[tiab] OR LOEL[tiab] OR LOAEL[tiab] OR "Lowest Observable Adverse effect level*"[tiab] OR "Lowest Observed Adverse effect level*"[tiab] OR Malformation*[tiab] OR NOAEL[tiab] OR NOAELs[tiab] OR NOEL[tiab] OR NOELs[tiab] OR "No Observable Adverse Effect Level*"[tiab] OR "No Observed Adverse Effect Level*"[tiab] OR "No Observed Effect Level*"[tiab] OR Pathogenic*[tiab] OR Patholog*[tiab] OR Physiopatholog*[tiab] OR Toxic*[tiab] OR Unhealth*[tiab] OR Unsafe[tiab] OR "Allergens"[Mesh] OR "Allergy and Immunology"[Mesh] OR "Asthma"[Mesh] OR "Hypersensitivity"[Mesh] OR "Immune System"[Mesh] OR "Immune System Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Immune System Phenomena"[Mesh] OR "Immunomodulation"[Mesh] OR "Immunologic Factors"[Mesh] OR allerg*[tiab] OR Antibod*[tiab] OR Antigen*[tiab] OR Asthma[tiab] OR Autoimmun*[tiab] OR "cell-mediated response"[tiab] OR Histamin*[tiab] OR Hypersensitiv*[tiab] OR "Humoral Response"[tiab] OR immun* [tiab] OR Leukocyt*[tiab] OR Lymphocyt*[tiab] OR sensitisation[tiab] OR sensitization[tiab] OR "T cell*"[tiab] OR "B cell*"[tiab] OR "Natural killer cell*"[tiab] OR Monocyt*[tiab] OR Neutrophil*[tiab] OR Dendritic cell*[tiab] OR Macrophage*[tiab] OR "Aneugens"[Mesh] OR "Aneuploidy"[Mesh] OR "Apoptosis"[Mesh] OR "Cell Cycle"[Mesh] OR "Cell Hypoxia"[Mesh] OR "Cell line"[Mesh] OR "Cell Proliferation"[Mesh] OR "Cell Survival"[Mesh] OR "Chromosome Aberrations"[Mesh] OR "Chromosomes"[Mesh] OR "Comet Assay"[Mesh] OR "Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic"[Mesh] OR "Cytotoxicity, Immunologic"[Mesh] OR "DNA Adducts"[Mesh] OR "DNA Damage"[Mesh] OR "DNA Fragmentation"[Mesh] OR "Free Radicals"[Mesh] OR "Genomic Instability"[Mesh] OR "Homeostasis"[Mesh] OR "Mutagenesis"[Mesh] OR "Mutagenicity Tests"[Mesh] OR "Mutagens" [Pharmacological Action] OR "Mutagens"[Mesh] OR "Mutation"[Mesh] OR "Oxidative Stress"[Mesh] OR "Reactive Oxygen Species"[Mesh] OR "Sister Chromatid Exchange"[Mesh] OR ((Cell[tiab] OR cells[tiab] OR cellular[tiab]) AND (hypoxi*[tiab] OR homeosta*[tiab] OR impairment*[tiab] OR necro*[tiab] OR toxicity[tiab] OR prolifer*[tiab] OR grow*[tiab] OR survival[tiab])) OR ((DNA[tiab] OR gene*[tiab]) AND (deletion[tiab] OR mutation[tiab] OR adducts[tiab] OR binding[tiab] OR break*[tiab] OR fragment*[tiab] OR damage*[tiab] OR impair*[tiab] OR inhibit*[tiab] OR lesion*[tiab] OR injur*[tiab] OR repair*[tiab])) OR "AMES assay"[tiab] OR "AMES test*"[tiab] OR Aneugen*[tiab] OR Aneuploid*[tiab] OR Antioxid*[tiab] OR Apopto* [tiab] OR Catalase[tiab] OR Chromatid*[tiab] OR Chromosom*[tiab] OR Cytogen*[tiab] OR cytotox*[tiab] OR Clastogen*[tiab] OR "COMET assay"[tiab] OR "COMET test*"[tiab] OR "Genetic material*"[tiab] OR Genotox*[tiab] OR "Genomic instability"[tiab] OR "glutathione peroxidase"[tiab] OR Heterozyg*[tiab] OR "Micronucleus assay"[tiab] OR "Micronucleus test*"[tiab] OR Mitogen*[tiab] OR Mutagen*[tiab] OR Mutation*[tiab] OR Necros*[tiab] OR Oxidat*[tiab] OR Peroxid*[tiab] OR Polymorph*[tiab] OR Radical[tiab] OR Radicals[tiab] OR "Reactive oxygen species"[tiab] OR ROS[tiab] OR "Superoxide-dismutase"[tiab] OR Transgen*[tiab] OR "Inflammation"[Mesh] OR "Inflammation Mediators"[Mesh] OR Angiotensin*[tiab] OR Chemokin*[tiab] OR Cytokin*[tiab] OR Inflam*[tiab] OR Kinin*[tiab] OR Neuroinflam*[tiab] OR Proinflam*[tiab] OR "Pro-inflam*"[tiab] OR Thromboinflam*[tiab] OR "Angiogenesis Inducing Agents" [Pharmacological Action] OR "Angiogenesis Inducing Agents"[Mesh] OR "Carcinogenesis"[Mesh] OR "Carcinogenicity Tests"[Mesh] OR "Carcinogens"[Mesh] OR "Myelodysplastic-Myeloproliferative Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Neoplasms"[Mesh] OR Adenoca*[tiab] OR Angiogen*[tiab] OR Cancer*[tiab] OR Carcino*[tiab] OR Cocarcino*[tiab] OR Fibroma*[tiab] OR Hyperplas*[tiab] OR Leukemia[tiab] OR Lymphom*[tiab] OR Melano*[tiab] OR Metasta*[tiab] OR Myeloma*[tiab] OR Neoplas*[tiab] OR Precancer*[tiab] OR Oncogen*[tiab] OR Oncolog*[tiab] OR Osteoma*[tiab] OR Sarcoma*[tiab] OR Tumor*[tiab] OR Tumour*[tiab] OR "Embryonic Development"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Development"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Neurodevelopmental disorders"[Mesh] OR "Embryonic and Fetal Development"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Abortion, Spontaneous"[Mesh] OR "Abortion, Threatened"[Mesh] OR "Abortion, Veterinary"[Mesh] OR "Animals, Newborn"[Mesh] OR "Breast Feeding"[Mesh] OR "Congenital Abnormalities"[Mesh] OR "Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities"[Mesh] OR "Embryo, Mammalian"[Mesh] OR "Embryonic Structures"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Estrous Cycle"[Mesh] OR "Fertility"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Growth Retardation"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Organ Maturity"[Mesh] OR "Fetus"[Mesh] OR "Genitalia"[Mesh] OR "Growth and Development"[Mesh] OR "Infant, Newborn"[Mesh] OR "Infertility"[Mesh] OR "Lactation"[Mesh] OR "Milk, Human"[Mesh] OR "Menstrual Cycle"[Mesh] OR "Organogenesis"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Pregnancy Complications"[Mesh] OR "Pregnancy"[Mesh] OR "Prenatal Injuries"[Mesh] OR "Reproduction"[Mesh] OR "Reproductive Physiological Phenomena"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Spermatocytes"[Mesh] OR "Teratogenesis"[Mesh] OR "Teratogens"[Mesh] OR abort*[tiab] OR Breast*[tiab] OR Cervic*[tiab] OR Cervix[tiab] OR embryo*[tiab] OR Estrous[tiab] OR Estrus[tiab] OR fertility[tiab] OR Fetal*[tiab] OR fetotoxic*[tiab] OR fetus[tiab] OR Foetotoxic*[tiab] OR foetus[tiab] OR Foetal*[tiab] OR follicle*[tiab] OR genital*[tiab] OR gestat*[tiab] OR "Human milk*"[tiab] OR Infant*[tiab] OR infertil*[tiab] OR Lactating[tiab] OR Lactation*[tiab] OR Menstrua*[tiab] OR "New-born*"[tiab] OR newborn*[tiab] OR Oestrous[tiab] OR Oestrus[tiab] OR Ovar*[tiab] OR Parturition[tiab] OR Placent*[tiab] OR "post-partum"[tiab] OR postpartum[tiab] OR pregnanc*[tiab] OR premature[tiab] OR prenatal[tiab] OR Reproduct*[tiab] OR sperm*[tiab] OR teratogen*[tiab] OR Testes[tiab] OR Testic*[tiab] OR Testis[tiab] OR Uterin*[tiab] OR Uterus[tiab] OR Uteruses[tiab] OR Vagin*[tiab])) AND ("Animals, Laboratory"[Mesh] OR "Dogs"[Mesh] OR "Guinea Pigs"[Mesh:noExp] OR "Mice"[Mesh] OR "Primates"[Mesh:noExp] OR "Rabbits"[Mesh] OR "Rats"[Mesh] OR "Rodentia"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Swine"[Mesh] OR Dog[tiab] OR Dogs[tiab] OR "Laboratory animal*"[tiab] OR Mice[tiab] OR Monkey[tiab] OR Monkeys[tiab] OR Mouse[tiab] OR Pig[tiab] OR Pigs[tiab] OR Primate[tiab] OR Primates[tiab] OR Rabbit[tiab] OR Rabbits[tiab] OR Rat[tiab] OR Rats[tiab] OR Rodent*[tiab] OR Swine[tiab]) NOT Perfluor*[tiab]) AND (("2024/01/24"[Date - Publication] : "2026/02/03"[Date - Publication]))) AND (English[Language]) NOT ("sulfuryl fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "Sulfuryl fluoride*"[tiab] OR "sulfonyl fluoride*"[tiab] OR Vikane[tiab]).