Key search 1 - Initial search 2022_Human studies (PubMed)

This is a paper for discussion. This does not represent the views of the Committee and should not be cited.

11.             Literature search date: 22^nd March 2022 (updated January 2024 (presumably 24^th)[2]).

12.             Search concept: Fluorides AND adverse outcomes AND human NOT Animals NOT Perfluoride (see below for further details).

13.             Chemical search terms (fluorides concept): "Fluorides"[Mesh:NoExp[3]] OR "Fluorides, Topical"[Mesh] OR "Sodium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "Calcium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "sulfuryl fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicic acid" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicate" [Supplementary Concept] OR "potassium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "ammonium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "boron trifluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR Fluoride[tiab[4]] OR Fluorides[tiab] OR "16984-48-8"[tiab] OR 16984488[tiab] OR "Fluoride ion"[tiab] OR "Sulfuryl fluoride"[tiab] OR "sulfonyl fluoride"[tiab] OR Vikane[tiab] OR "Fluorosilicic acid"[tiab] OR hydrofluorosilicate[tiab] OR "Sodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "disodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "sodium fluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "Sodium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Potassium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Calcium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Ammonium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR "Diethyl ether-boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR (organopolysiloxanes[tiab] AND "fluorinated group*"[tiab]).

14.             Toxicity search terms (adverse outcomes concepts, combined with OR operator)[5]:
Toxicity (general concept): "abnormalities"[Subheading] OR "adverse effects"[Subheading] OR "Chemically-Induced Disorders"[Mesh] OR "complications" [Subheading] OR "injuries"[Subheading] OR "Long Term Adverse Effects"[Mesh] OR "pathogenicity" [Subheading] OR "Toxicity Tests"[Mesh] OR "toxicity" [Subheading] OR "Toxicological Phenomena"[Mesh] OR ((adverse[tiab] OR chronic[tiab] OR fatal[tiab] OR harmful*[tiab] OR negative[tiab] OR serious[tiab] OR side[tiab] OR Subchronic[tiab] OR undesirable[tiab]) AND (effect*[tiab] OR event*[tiab] OR outcome*[tiab] OR reaction*[tiab])) OR Abnormal*[tiab] OR Anomal*[tiab] OR "Benchmark dose"[tiab] OR "Benchmark doses"[tiab] OR BMD[tiab] OR BMDL[tiab] OR Complication*[tiab] OR Deficien*[tiab] OR Deleterious[tiab] OR "Dose effect"[tiab] OR "Dose response"[tiab] OR Hazard*[tiab] OR injurious[tiab] OR Intox*[tiab] OR LOEL[tiab] OR LOAEL[tiab] OR "Lowest Observable Adverse effect level*"[tiab] OR "Lowest Observed Adverse effect level*"[tiab] OR Malformation*[tiab] OR NOAEL[tiab] OR NOAELs[tiab] OR NOEL[tiab] OR NOELs[tiab] OR "No Observable Adverse Effect Level*"[tiab] OR "No Observed Adverse Effect Level*"[tiab] OR "No Observed Effect Level*"[tiab] OR Pathogenic*[tiab] OR Patholog*[tiab] OR Physiopatholog*[tiab] OR Toxic*[tiab] OR Unhealth*[tiab] OR Unsafe[tiab].

Neurotoxicity and developmental neurotoxicity concept: "Attention"[Mesh] OR "Brain"[Mesh] OR "Brain/growth and development"[Mesh] OR "Cognition Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Cognition"[Mesh] OR "Dementia"[Mesh] OR "Intelligence Tests"[Mesh] OR "Intelligence"[Mesh] OR "Learning Disabilities"[Mesh] OR "Learning"[Mesh] OR "Memory and Learning Tests"[Mesh] OR "Memory Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Memory"[Mesh] OR "Nervous System Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Nervous System"[Mesh] OR "Neurobehavioral Manifestations"[Mesh] OR "Neurocognitive Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Neurodevelopmental disorders"[Mesh] OR "Neurotoxicity Syndromes"[Mesh] OR ((Attention[tiab] OR Behav*[tiab] OR Brain[tiab] OR Brains[tiab] OR cognit*[tiab] OR Coordination[tiab] OR develop*[tiab] OR neur*[tiab] OR nervous[tiab] OR mental[tiab]) AND (deficit*[tiab] OR diagnosis[tiab] OR diagnoses[tiab] OR disease*[tiab] OR disorder*[tiab] OR dysfunction*[tiab] OR impair*[tiab] OR manifestation*[tiab] OR problem*[tiab] OR retard*[tiab] OR syndrome*[tiab] OR patholog*[tiab])) OR (DNT[tiab] NOT dinitrotoluene[tiab]) OR "barnes maze"[tiab] OR "Biel Maze"[tiab] OR "Charcot-Marie-Tooth"[tiab] OR "Cincinnati Maze"[tiab] OR "Contextual Fear"[tiab] OR "developmental period*"[tiab] OR "Guillain-Barre syndrome"[tiab] OR "IQtest*"[tiab] OR "Long term potentiation*"[tiab] OR "mazetest*"[tiab] OR "mental-recall*"[tiab] OR "Morris water maze"[tiab] OR "nerve-transmi*"[tiab] OR "Nervous system"[tiab] OR "Neuro-development*"[tiab] OR "Neurogenes*"[tiab] OR "neuronal-transmi*"[tiab] OR "neurotransm*"[tiab] OR "Novel Object recognition"[tiab] OR "passive avoidance"[tiab] OR "presynaptic-terminal*"[tiab] OR "radial arm maze"[tiab] OR "Rey Osterieth Complex Figure"[tiab] OR "rheumatoid arthritis"[tiab] OR "scholastic-achievement*"[tiab] OR "Sjogren's syndrome"[tiab] OR "spontaneous alternation"[tiab] OR "Synaptic circuit*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic dysfunction*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic impair*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic net"[tiab] OR "Synaptic nets"[tiab] OR "Synaptic network*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic plasticity"[tiab] OR "synaptic-neurotransmi*"[tiab] OR "synaptic-transmi*"[tiab] OR "trace fear"[tiab] OR Alzheimer*[tiab] OR Amnesia[tiab] OR behav*[tiab] OR Cerebell*[tiab] OR Cerebr*[tiab] OR Cortex[tiab] OR CVMT[tiab] OR Dementia[tiab] OR Hippocam*[tiab] OR intelligence[tiab] OR learn*[tiab] OR Locomot*[tiab] OR memory[tiab] OR Neocortex[tiab] OR Neuroanatom*[tiab] OR Neurobehav*[tiab] OR Neurocognit*[tiab] OR Neurodevelop*[tiab] OR Neurodevelopment*[tiab] OR Neurogenes*[tiab] OR Neuropath*[tiab] OR Neurotox*[tiab] OR neurotransmi*[tiab].

Specific Adverse Outcome concept: "Fluorosis, Dental"[Mesh] OR "Tooth Diseases"[Mesh:NoExp] OR Fluoros*[tiab] OR "Dental diseas*"[tiab] OR "Mottled Enamel*"[tiab] OR "Skeletal diseas*"[tiab] OR "Tooth diseas*"[tiab] OR "Teeth diseas*"[tiab].

15.             Species concept (exclusions, covered using NOT operator):
Just Animals: ("Animals"[Mesh] NOT "Humans"[Mesh])
Animals in title ((rat[ti[6]] OR rats[ti] OR mouse[ti] OR mice[ti] OR swine[ti] OR porcine[ti] OR murine[ti] OR sheep[ti] OR lambs[ti] OR pigs[ti] OR piglets[ti] OR rabbit[ti] OR rabbits[ti] OR cat[ti] OR cats[ti] OR dog[ti] OR dogs[ti] OR cattle[ti] OR bovine[ti] OR monkey[ti] OR monkeys[ti] OR trout[ti] OR marmoset*[ti]) NOT medline[sb[7]]).

16.             Term excluded: Perfluor*[tiab].

[2] The main document lists this as January 2024, while annex G lists this as 24^th January 2022 with the time span as 2022-2024 (an update of the March 2022 search).

[3] No explode command (excluding subtopics).

[4] Title/abstract.

[5] Other concepts covered included: Liver, renal, gastrointestinal; Lung toxicity; Reproductive system and teratogenesis toxicity; Carcinogenicity; Chronic inflammation; Oxidative stress, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity; Allergenicity and immune system

[6] Title.

[7] Subset search tag.