Annex A to TOX/2026/12 - Fluoridation literature search proposal development

Last updated: 24 March 2026

Annex A to TOX/2026/12 - Fluoridation literature search proposal development

Introduction

In this guide

This is a paper for discussion. This does not represent the views of the Committee and should not be cited.

1.             The COT has been asked to review the existing data on fluoride in relation to neurotoxicity and effects on bone and on the thyroid, in the context of UK exposure levels through dental products, drinking water, and other exposure sources.

2.             Further details on specific search concepts for particular authoritative reviews are presented below.

ANSES (2025)

3.             Key endpoints covered: neurodevelopmental and thyroid effects,

4.             Database: PubMed,

5.             Literature search date: March 2024,

6.             Chemical search terms: (“sodium fluoride” OR Fluoride OR NaF),

7.             Endpoint search terms:

  • (cognition OR neurotoxicity),
  • (thyroid OR thyroxine OR T4 OR triiodothyronine OR T3 OR "Thyroid-stimulating hormone" OR thyrotropin OR TSH OR hypothyroxinemia OR "thyroid hormones").

EFSA (2025)

8.             Key endpoints covered: neurotoxicity, and bone and thyroid effects.

9.             Databases: PubMed and Web of Science (WoS).

10.          A total of 13 sub-searches[1] were conducted, covering the following areas (8 for human studies and 5 for experimental animal studies):

  •  Initial search 2022_Human studies:
  • Updated search 2024_Human studies.
  • Initial search 2022_Animal studies:
  • Updated search 2024_Animal Studies.
  • Targeted search on prospective human cohort studies on developmental neurotoxicity:
  • before 2005 DNT search (human).
  • Targeted search on bone fractures and bone mineral density until 2003:
  • Before 2003 bone health search (human).
  •  Targeted search on effects on thyroid and exposure during pregnancy:
  • Before 2005 Thyroid search (human),
  • Animal studies captured in the human targeted search on bone fractures and bone mineral density until 2003,
  • Before 2005 DNT search (animal),
  • Before 2005 thyroid search (animal).

[1] Key searches are marked in bold, and discussed further below.

Annex A to TOX/2026/12 - Fluoridation literature search proposal development

Key search 1 - Initial search 2022_Human studies (PubMed)

In this guide

This is a paper for discussion. This does not represent the views of the Committee and should not be cited.

11.             Literature search date: 22nd March 2022 (updated January 2024 (presumably 24th)[2]).

12.             Search concept: Fluorides AND adverse outcomes AND human NOT Animals NOT Perfluoride (see below for further details).

13.             Chemical search terms (fluorides concept): "Fluorides"[Mesh:NoExp[3]] OR "Fluorides, Topical"[Mesh] OR "Sodium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "Calcium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "sulfuryl fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicic acid" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicate" [Supplementary Concept] OR "potassium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "ammonium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "boron trifluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR Fluoride[tiab[4]] OR Fluorides[tiab] OR "16984-48-8"[tiab] OR 16984488[tiab] OR "Fluoride ion"[tiab] OR "Sulfuryl fluoride"[tiab] OR "sulfonyl fluoride"[tiab] OR Vikane[tiab] OR "Fluorosilicic acid"[tiab] OR hydrofluorosilicate[tiab] OR "Sodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "disodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "sodium fluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "Sodium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Potassium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Calcium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Ammonium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR "Diethyl ether-boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR (organopolysiloxanes[tiab] AND "fluorinated group*"[tiab]).

14.             Toxicity search terms (adverse outcomes concepts, combined with OR operator)[5]:
Toxicity (general concept): "abnormalities"[Subheading] OR "adverse effects"[Subheading] OR "Chemically-Induced Disorders"[Mesh] OR "complications" [Subheading] OR "injuries"[Subheading] OR "Long Term Adverse Effects"[Mesh] OR "pathogenicity" [Subheading] OR "Toxicity Tests"[Mesh] OR "toxicity" [Subheading] OR "Toxicological Phenomena"[Mesh] OR ((adverse[tiab] OR chronic[tiab] OR fatal[tiab] OR harmful*[tiab] OR negative[tiab] OR serious[tiab] OR side[tiab] OR Subchronic[tiab] OR undesirable[tiab]) AND (effect*[tiab] OR event*[tiab] OR outcome*[tiab] OR reaction*[tiab])) OR Abnormal*[tiab] OR Anomal*[tiab] OR "Benchmark dose"[tiab] OR "Benchmark doses"[tiab] OR BMD[tiab] OR BMDL[tiab] OR Complication*[tiab] OR Deficien*[tiab] OR Deleterious[tiab] OR "Dose effect"[tiab] OR "Dose response"[tiab] OR Hazard*[tiab] OR injurious[tiab] OR Intox*[tiab] OR LOEL[tiab] OR LOAEL[tiab] OR "Lowest Observable Adverse effect level*"[tiab] OR "Lowest Observed Adverse effect level*"[tiab] OR Malformation*[tiab] OR NOAEL[tiab] OR NOAELs[tiab] OR NOEL[tiab] OR NOELs[tiab] OR "No Observable Adverse Effect Level*"[tiab] OR "No Observed Adverse Effect Level*"[tiab] OR "No Observed Effect Level*"[tiab] OR Pathogenic*[tiab] OR Patholog*[tiab] OR Physiopatholog*[tiab] OR Toxic*[tiab] OR Unhealth*[tiab] OR Unsafe[tiab].

Neurotoxicity and developmental neurotoxicity concept: "Attention"[Mesh] OR "Brain"[Mesh] OR "Brain/growth and development"[Mesh] OR "Cognition Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Cognition"[Mesh] OR "Dementia"[Mesh] OR "Intelligence Tests"[Mesh] OR "Intelligence"[Mesh] OR "Learning Disabilities"[Mesh] OR "Learning"[Mesh] OR "Memory and Learning Tests"[Mesh] OR "Memory Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Memory"[Mesh] OR "Nervous System Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Nervous System"[Mesh] OR "Neurobehavioral Manifestations"[Mesh] OR "Neurocognitive Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Neurodevelopmental disorders"[Mesh] OR "Neurotoxicity Syndromes"[Mesh] OR ((Attention[tiab] OR Behav*[tiab] OR Brain[tiab] OR Brains[tiab] OR cognit*[tiab] OR Coordination[tiab] OR develop*[tiab] OR neur*[tiab] OR nervous[tiab] OR mental[tiab]) AND (deficit*[tiab] OR diagnosis[tiab] OR diagnoses[tiab] OR disease*[tiab] OR disorder*[tiab] OR dysfunction*[tiab] OR impair*[tiab] OR manifestation*[tiab] OR problem*[tiab] OR retard*[tiab] OR syndrome*[tiab] OR patholog*[tiab])) OR (DNT[tiab] NOT dinitrotoluene[tiab]) OR "barnes maze"[tiab] OR "Biel Maze"[tiab] OR "Charcot-Marie-Tooth"[tiab] OR "Cincinnati Maze"[tiab] OR "Contextual Fear"[tiab] OR "developmental period*"[tiab] OR "Guillain-Barre syndrome"[tiab] OR "IQtest*"[tiab] OR "Long term potentiation*"[tiab] OR "mazetest*"[tiab] OR "mental-recall*"[tiab] OR "Morris water maze"[tiab] OR "nerve-transmi*"[tiab] OR "Nervous system"[tiab] OR "Neuro-development*"[tiab] OR "Neurogenes*"[tiab] OR "neuronal-transmi*"[tiab] OR "neurotransm*"[tiab] OR "Novel Object recognition"[tiab] OR "passive avoidance"[tiab] OR "presynaptic-terminal*"[tiab] OR "radial arm maze"[tiab] OR "Rey Osterieth Complex Figure"[tiab] OR "rheumatoid arthritis"[tiab] OR "scholastic-achievement*"[tiab] OR "Sjogren's syndrome"[tiab] OR "spontaneous alternation"[tiab] OR "Synaptic circuit*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic dysfunction*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic impair*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic net"[tiab] OR "Synaptic nets"[tiab] OR "Synaptic network*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic plasticity"[tiab] OR "synaptic-neurotransmi*"[tiab] OR "synaptic-transmi*"[tiab] OR "trace fear"[tiab] OR Alzheimer*[tiab] OR Amnesia[tiab] OR behav*[tiab] OR Cerebell*[tiab] OR Cerebr*[tiab] OR Cortex[tiab] OR CVMT[tiab] OR Dementia[tiab] OR Hippocam*[tiab] OR intelligence[tiab] OR learn*[tiab] OR Locomot*[tiab] OR memory[tiab] OR Neocortex[tiab] OR Neuroanatom*[tiab] OR Neurobehav*[tiab] OR Neurocognit*[tiab] OR Neurodevelop*[tiab] OR Neurodevelopment*[tiab] OR Neurogenes*[tiab] OR Neuropath*[tiab] OR Neurotox*[tiab] OR neurotransmi*[tiab].

Specific Adverse Outcome concept: "Fluorosis, Dental"[Mesh] OR "Tooth Diseases"[Mesh:NoExp] OR Fluoros*[tiab] OR "Dental diseas*"[tiab] OR "Mottled Enamel*"[tiab] OR "Skeletal diseas*"[tiab] OR "Tooth diseas*"[tiab] OR "Teeth diseas*"[tiab].

15.             Species concept (exclusions, covered using NOT operator):
Just Animals: ("Animals"[Mesh] NOT "Humans"[Mesh])
Animals in title ((rat[ti[6]] OR rats[ti] OR mouse[ti] OR mice[ti] OR swine[ti] OR porcine[ti] OR murine[ti] OR sheep[ti] OR lambs[ti] OR pigs[ti] OR piglets[ti] OR rabbit[ti] OR rabbits[ti] OR cat[ti] OR cats[ti] OR dog[ti] OR dogs[ti] OR cattle[ti] OR bovine[ti] OR monkey[ti] OR monkeys[ti] OR trout[ti] OR marmoset*[ti]) NOT medline[sb[7]]).

16.             Term excluded: Perfluor*[tiab].

[2] The main document lists this as January 2024, while annex G lists this as 24th January 2022 with the time span as 2022-2024 (an update of the March 2022 search).

[3] No explode command (excluding subtopics).

[4] Title/abstract.

[5] Other concepts covered included: Liver, renal, gastrointestinal; Lung toxicity; Reproductive system and teratogenesis toxicity; Carcinogenicity; Chronic inflammation; Oxidative stress, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity; Allergenicity and immune system

[6] Title.

[7] Subset search tag.

Annex A to TOX/2026/12 - Fluoridation literature search proposal development

Key search 2 - Initial search 2022_Animal studies (PubMed)

In this guide

This is a paper for discussion. This does not represent the views of the Committee and should not be cited.

17.             Literature search date: 22nd March 2022 (updated January 2024 (presumably 24th)2).

18.             Search concept: Fluorides AND adverse outcomes AND animals NOT Perfluoride NOT sulfuryl fluoride (see below for further details).

19.             Chemical search terms (fluorides concept): see Key search 1.

20.             Adverse outcomes concept: see Key search 1.

21.             Animals concept: "Animals, Laboratory"[Mesh] OR "Dogs"[Mesh] OR "Guinea Pigs"[Mesh:noExp] OR "Mice"[Mesh] OR "Primates"[Mesh:noExp] OR "Rabbits"[Mesh] OR "Rats"[Mesh] OR "Rodentia"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Swine"[Mesh] OR Dog[tiab] OR Dogs[tiab] OR "Laboratory animal*"[tiab] OR Mice[tiab] OR Monkey[tiab] OR Monkeys[tiab] OR Mouse[tiab] OR Pig[tiab] OR Pigs[tiab] OR Primate[tiab] OR Primates[tiab] OR Rabbit[tiab] OR Rabbits[tiab] OR Rat[tiab] OR Rats[tiab] OR Rodent*[tiab] OR Swine[tiab].

22.             Terms excluded: Perfluor*[tiab] OR "sulfuryl fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "Sulfuryl fluoride"[tiab] OR "sulfonyl fluoride"[tiab] OR Vikane[tiab].

Annex A to TOX/2026/12 - Fluoridation literature search proposal development

Key search 3 - Targeted search on prospective human cohort studies on developmental neurotoxicity (PubMed)

In this guide

This is a paper for discussion. This does not represent the views of the Committee and should not be cited.

23.             Literature search date: 11th January 2024.

24.             Search concept: Fluorides AND Neurodevelopment AND Humans NOT Animals NOT Perfluoride (see below for further details).

25.             Chemical search terms (fluorides concept): see Key search 1.

26.             Neurodevelopment concept: see Key search 1 (neurotoxicity and developmental neurotoxicity).

27.             Humans concept: ((Aged[tiab] OR Baby[tiab] OR Babies[tiab] OR Boy[tiab] OR Boys[tiab] OR Child*[tiab] OR cohort[tiab] OR cohorts [tiab] OR Elder*[tiab] OR Girl[tiab] OR Girls[tiab] OR Human*[tiab] OR "in vivo"[tiab] OR Inpatient*[tiab] OR Man[tiab] OR Men[tiab] OR "middle age"[tiab] OR Newborn*[tiab] OR "new born*"[tiab] OR Outpatient*[tiab] OR Participant*[tiab] OR Patient*[tiab] OR Pediatric*[tiab] OR Paediatric*[tiab] OR Person*[tiab] OR People[tiab] OR Preschool*[tiab] OR "Research subject"[tiab] OR "pre-school"[tiab] OR Schoolchild*[tiab] OR Seniors[tiab] OR Student*[tiab] OR Teen[tiab] OR Teenager*[tiab] OR Teens[tiab] OR Toddler*[tiab] OR Volunteer*[tiab] OR Woman[tiab] OR Women[tiab]) NOT medline[sb]) OR "Humans"[Mesh].

28.             Animals concept (exclusion, covered using NOT operator): (((Cavia[ti] OR Cricetinae[ti] OR Cricetus[ti] OR "guinea pig"[ti] OR "guinea pigs"[ti] OR Hamster[ti] OR Mice[ti] OR Mouse[ti] OR Muridae[ti] OR Murinae[ti] OR Murine[ti] OR Mus[ti] OR Rat[ti] OR Rats[ti] OR Rattus[ti] OR Rodent*[ti] OR Felis[ti] OR Cat[ti] OR Cats[ti] OR Catus[ti] OR Dog[ti] OR Dogs[ti] OR Canine[ti] OR Canines[ti] OR Canis[ti] OR Mink[ti] OR Minks[ti] OR Mustela*[ti] OR Pig[ti] OR Pigs[ti] OR Swine[ti] OR "sus scrofa"[ti] OR "sus domestica"[ti] OR "sus domesticus"[ti] OR pork[ti] OR porks[ti] OR porcine[ti] OR suidae[ti] OR "sow"[ti] OR "sows"[ti] OR barrow[ti] OR boar[ti] OR boars[ti] OR hog[ti] OR hogs[ti] OR gilt[ti] OR gilts[ti] OR Piglet*[ti] OR Monkey[ti] OR Monkeys[ti] OR Nomascus[ti] OR primate[ti] OR animal*[ti] OR ruminant[ti] OR livestock[ti] OR ruminants[ti] OR cattle[ti] OR heifer[ti] OR bullock[ti] OR steer[ti] OR steers[ti] OR ox[ti] OR oxen[ti] OR "Bos Taurus"[ti] OR "dairy herd*"[ti] OR "dairy breed*"[ti] OR weaner[ti] OR yearling[ti] OR stirk[ti] OR stirks[ti] OR springer[ti] OR beef[ti] OR veal[ti] OR veals[ti] OR feeder[ti] OR cow[ti] OR cows[ti] OR bovin*[ti] OR sheep[ti] OR ovis[ti] OR ovine[ti] OR ewe[ti] OR ewes[ti] OR lamb[ti] OR lambs[ti] OR mouflon[ti] OR hogget[ti] OR ram[ti] OR rams[ti] OR tup[ti] OR tups[ti] OR capra[ti] OR capras[ti] OR caprin[ti] OR buck[ti] OR bucks[ti] OR geep[ti] OR geeps[ti] OR dam[ti] OR dams[ti] OR wether[ti] OR wethers [ti] OR goat[ti] OR goats[ti] OR buffalo[ti] OR buffaloes[ti] OR swine[ti] OR pig[ti] OR pigs[ti] OR poultry[ti] OR poultries[ti] OR fowl[ti] OR fowls[ti] OR galliform[ti] OR wildfowl[ti] OR wildfowls[ti] OR "gallinaceous bird"[ti] OR landfowl[ti] OR landfowls[ti] OR Gallus[ti] OR broiler*[ti] OR capon[ti] OR capons[ti] OR cockerel*[ti] OR hen[ti] OR hens[ti] OR pullet[ti] OR pullets[ti] OR rooster[ti] OR roosters[ti] OR waterfowl[ti] OR waterfowls[ti] OR anatidae[ti] OR mallard[ti] OR "Anas platyrhynchos"[ti] OR anser[ti] OR branta[ti] OR coturnix[ti] OR meleagris[ti] OR pigeon*[ti] OR dove[ti] OR doves[ti] OR columb[ti] OR ostrich[ti] OR ostriches[ti] OR Struthio[ti] OR chicken[ti] OR chickens[ti] OR turkey[ti] OR turkeys[ti] OR duck[ti] OR ducks[ti] OR quail[ti] OR quails[ti] OR goose[ti] OR geese[ti] OR aquatic[ti] OR fish[ti] OR fishes[ti] OR pisces[ti] OR catfish[ti] OR perch[ti] OR percidae[ti] OR perca[ti] OR char[ti] OR salvelinus[ti] OR minnow[ti] OR cyprinidae[ti] OR medaka[ti] OR stickleback[ti] OR chiron[ti] OR sediment[ti] OR dwell[ti] OR marin[ti] OR estuarine[ti] OR cursta[ti] OR gastropod[ti] OR mollusc[ti] OR trout[ti] OR trouts[ti] OR salmon[ti] OR salmons[ti] OR "sea bream"[ti] OR seabream[ti] OR "sea bass"[ti] OR seabass[ti] OR turbot[ti] OR carp[ti] OR sturgeon[ti] OR eel[ti] OR eels[ti] OR tilapia[ti] OR cod[ti] OR halibut[ti] OR cobia[ti] OR "milk fish"[ti] OR tuna[ti] OR "tuna fish*"[ti] OR tunafish[ti] OR horse[ti] OR equidae[ti] OR equus[ti] OR equine*[ti] OR colt[ti] OR colts[ti] OR foal[ti] OR foals[ti] OR yearling[ti] OR gelding[ti] OR mare[ti] OR mares[ti] OR pony[ti] OR ponies[ti] OR stallion[ti] OR horses[ti] OR rabbit[ti] OR rabbits[ti] OR lagomorpha[ti] OR hare[ti] OR hares[ti]) NOT medline[sb])).

29.             Term excluded: Perfluor*[tiab].

Annex A to TOX/2026/12 - Fluoridation literature search proposal development

Key search 4 - Targeted search on bone fractures and bone mineral density until 2003 (PubMed)

In this guide

This is a paper for discussion. This does not represent the views of the Committee and should not be cited.

30.             Literature search date: 24th October 2023.

31.             Search concept: Fluorides AND bone outcomes NOT animals (see below for further details).

32.             Chemical search terms (fluorides concept): presumably as for Key search 1[8].

33.             Bone outcomes concept: "Bone and Bones"[Mesh] OR "Bone Density"[Mesh] OR "Bone Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Fractures, Bone"[Mesh] OR "Skeleton"[Mesh:noExp] OR "bone cancer"[Title/Abstract:~3][9] OR "bones cancer"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bone decalcification"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bones decalcification"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bone decalcified"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bones decalcified"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bone demineralization"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bones demineralization"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bone demineralized"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bones demineralized"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bone demineralisation"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bones demineralistation"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bone demineralised"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bones demineralised"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bone density"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bones density"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bone disease"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bone diseases"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bones disease"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bones diseases"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bone health"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bones health"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bone loss"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bones loss"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bone mass"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bones mass"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bone neoplasia"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bones neoplasia"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bone neoplasm"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bones neoplasm"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bone neoplasms"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bones neoplasms"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bone tumour"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bone tumours"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bones tumour"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bones tumours"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bone tumor"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bones tumor"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bone tumors"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bones tumors"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bone mineral densit*"[tiab] OR Osteopor*[tiab] OR fracture*[tiab] OR skelet*[tiab].

34.             Animals concept (exclusion): see Key search 3.

[8] Although annex G notes “fluoride terms used as in the previous searches”, the search summary table includes the following search string ("Fluorides"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Fluorides, Topical"[Mesh] OR "Sodium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "Calcium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "potassium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "ammonium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR Fluoride[tiab] OR Fluorides[tiab] OR "16984-48-8"[tiab] OR 16984488[tiab] OR "Fluoride ion"[tiab] OR "Sodium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Potassium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Calcium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Ammonium fluoride"[tiab]), presumably erroneously.

[9] Proximity search (no more than 3 words between each term.

Annex A to TOX/2026/12 - Fluoridation literature search proposal development

Key search 5 - Targeted search on effects on thyroid and exposure during pregnancy (PubMed)

In this guide

This is a paper for discussion. This does not represent the views of the Committee and should not be cited.

35.             Literature search date: 11th January 2024.

36.             Search concept: Fluorides AND Pregnancy AND Endocrine system (see below for further details).

37.             Chemical search terms (fluorides concept): see Key search 1.

38.             Pregnancy concept: "Pregnancy Complications"[Mesh] OR "Pregnancy"[Mesh] OR "Prenatal Injuries"[Mesh] OR "Reproduction"[Mesh] OR "Reproductive Physiological Phenomena"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Teratogenesis"[Mesh] OR "Teratogens"[Mesh] OR gestat*[tiab] OR "in utero"[tiab] OR maternal[tiab] OR Parturition[tiab] OR perinatal[tiab] OR "peri natal"[tiab] OR "postpartum"[tiab] OR postpartum[tiab] OR pregnan*[tiab] OR prenatal[tiab] OR "pre natal"[tiab] OR Reproduct*[tiab].

39.             Endocrine system concept: "Chromaffin System"[Mesh] OR "Endocrine Glands"[Mesh] OR "Endocrine System"[Mesh] OR "Endorphins"[Mesh] OR "Enteroendocrine Cells"[Mesh] OR "Epinephrine"[Mesh] OR "Estradiol"[Mesh] OR "Gastric Acid"[Mesh] OR "Histamine"[Mesh] OR "Hormones"[Mesh] OR "Langerhans Cells"[Mesh] OR "Limbic System"[Mesh] OR "Lymphatic System"[Mesh] OR "Neurosecretory Systems"[Mesh] OR "Renin"[Mesh] OR "Serotonin"[Mesh] OR "17-Ketosteroids"[tiab] OR "α cell"[tiab] OR "α cells"[tiab] OR "alpha cell*"[tiab] OR "Adrenal cortex"[tiab] OR "Adrenal medulla"[tiab] OR "Adrenal gland"[tiab] OR "Adrenal glands"[tiab] OR "β cell"[tiab] OR "β cells"[tiab] OR "beta cell"[tiab] OR "beta cells"[tiab] OR "Corpora lutea"[tiab] OR "Corpus luteum"[tiab] OR "Cytochrome p-450"[tiab] OR "d cell"[tiab] OR "d cells"[tiab] OR "delta cell"[tiab] OR "delta cells"[tiab] OR "epidermal growth factor"[tiab] OR "epidermal growth factors"[tiab] OR "G cell"[tiab] OR "G cells"[tiab] OR "Gastric acid"[tiab] OR "Gastric acids"[tiab] OR "Gastric gland"[tiab] OR "Gastric glands"[tiab] OR "Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide"[tiab] OR "Granulosa cell"[tiab] OR "Granulosa cells"[tiab] OR "Island of Langerhans"[tiab] OR "Islet cell"[tiab] OR "Islet cells"[tiab] OR "Islet of Langerhans"[tiab] OR "L cell"[tiab] OR "L cells"[tiab] OR "Langerhans island"[tiab] OR "Langerhans islands"[tiab] OR "Langerhans islet"[tiab] OR "Langerhans islets"[tiab] OR "Limbic system"[tiab] OR "Liquor folliculi"[tiab] OR "Luteal cell"[tiab] OR "Luteal cells"[tiab] OR "nonsteroid*"[tiab] OR "p cell"[tiab] OR "p cells"[tiab] OR "peptide yy"[tiab] OR "Pineal body"[tiab] OR "Pineal bodies"[tiab] OR "Pineal gland"[tiab] OR "Pineal glands"[tiab] OR "Pituitary adrenal"[tiab] OR "Pituitary growth"[tiab] OR "Pituitary gland"[tiab] OR "Pituitary glands"[tiab] OR "pp cell"[tiab] OR "pp cells"[tiab] OR "S cell"[tiab] OR "S cells"[tiab] OR "Secretin cell"[tiab] OR "Secretin cells"[tiab] OR "Sympathetic nervous system"[tiab] OR "Sympathetic nervous systems"[tiab] OR "Sympathoadrenal Axis"[tiab] OR "Sympatho-adrenal Axis"[tiab] OR "Sympathoadrenal Medullary System"[tiab] OR "Sympathoadrenal Medullary Systems"[tiab] OR "Sympatho-adrenal Medullary System"[tiab] OR "Sympatho-adrenal Medullary Systems"[tiab] OR "Sympathoadrenal System"[tiab] OR "Sympathoadrenal Systems"[tiab] OR "Sympatho-adrenal System"[tiab] OR "Sympathoadrenal Systems"[tiab] OR "Theca cell"[tiab] OR "Theca cells"[tiab] OR "Zona fasciculata"[tiab] OR "Zona glomerulosa"[tiab] OR "Zona Reticularis"[tiab] OR ACTH[tiab] OR Activin[tiab] OR Adrenocorticotropin[tiab] OR Adenohypophys[tiab] OR Adiponectin[tiab] OR Adrenaline[tiab] OR Aldosterone[tiab] OR Androgen*[tiab] OR Androstenedione[tiab] OR Androsterone[tiab] OR Angiotensin[tiab] OR Bombesin[tiab] OR Calcitonin[tiab] OR Calcitrin[tiab] OR Cholecystokinin[tiab] OR Chromaffin[tiab] OR Corticoid*[tiab] OR Corticostero*[tiab] OR Corticotrop*[tiab] OR CRH[tiab] OR Dehydroepiandrosterone[tiab] OR Desoxycorticosterone[tiab] OR Dextrothyroxine[tiab] OR Diiodothyronines[tiab] OR Diiodotyrosine[tiab] OR Endocrin*[tiab] OR Endorphin[tiab] OR Enterochromaffin[tiab] OR Enteroendocrin[tiab] OR Epinephrine[tiab] OR Epiphysis[tiab] OR Epithalamus[tiab] OR Estradiol[tiab] OR Estrogen*[tiab] OR Estrone[tiab] OR Etiocholanone[tiab] OR Follicle[tiab] OR Follicles[tiab] OR Follicular[tiab] OR FSH[tiab] OR Gastrin[tiab] OR GH [tiab] OR Ghrelin[tiab] OR Glucagon[tiab] OR Glucocorticoid*[tiab] OR Gonad*[tiab] OR Histamine[tiab] OR Hormon*[tiab] OR Hydrocortisone[tiab] OR Hydroxyprogesterone[tiab] OR Hyperthyroid*[tiab] OR Hypophyseal[tiab] OR Hypothalam*[tiab] OR Hypothyroid*[tiab] OR Incretin[tiab] OR Infundibul*[tiab] OR Insulin[tiab] OR Lactotrop*[tiab] OR Leptin[tiab] OR Lipotropin[tiab] OR Luteiniz*[tiab] OR LH [tiab] OR Melanotrop*[tiab] OR Melatonin[tiab] OR Mineralcorticoid*[tiab] OR Monoiodotyrosine[tiab] OR Motilin[tiab] OR Neuropeptide[tiab] OR Neuropeptides[tiab] OR Neurosecr*[tiab] OR Norepinephrine[tiab] OR Oocyte[tiab] OR Oocytes[tiab] OR Oogenesis[tiab] OR Ovulation[tiab] OR Ovulations[tiab] OR Oxytocin[tiab] OR Parathyroid[tiab] OR Parathyroids[tiab] OR Phytoestrogen[tiab] OR Phytoestrogens[tiab] OR Procalcitonin[tiab] OR Proglucagon[tiab] OR Pregnenolone[tiab] OR Progesterone[tiab] OR Proinsulin[tiab] OR Prolactin[tiab] OR Relaxin[tiab] OR Renin[tiab] OR Resistin[tiab] OR Secretin[tiab] OR Serotonin[tiab] OR Serum T3[tiab] OR Serum T4[tiab] OR Somatostatin[tiab] OR Somatotrop*[tiab] OR Steroid*[tiab] OR Testosterone[tiab] OR Tetrahydrocortisol[tiab] OR Tetrahydrocortisone[tiab] OR Thymalfasin[tiab] OR Thymic[tiab] OR Thymopentin[tiab] OR Thymopoietin[tiab] OR Thymosin[tiab] OR Thymus[tiab] OR Thyroid*[tiab] OR Thyrotrop*[tiab] OR Thyronine[tiab] OR Thyrosin[tiab] OR Thyrotrop*[tiab] OR Thyroxine[tiab] OR Triiodothyronine[tiab] OR TSH[tiab] OR Urocortin*[tiab] OR Urotensin[tiab] OR Vasopressin[tiab] OR Vasotocin[tiab].

Annex A to TOX/2026/12 - Fluoridation literature search proposal development

Key search 6 - Initial search 2022_Human studies (WoS)

In this guide

This is a paper for discussion. This does not represent the views of the Committee and should not be cited.

40.             Literature search date: 22nd March 2022 (updated January 2024 (presumably 24th)2).

41             Search concept: Fluorides AND adverse outcomes AND human NOT Perfluoride (see below for further details).

42.             Chemical search terms (fluorides concept): (TI=(Fluoride OR Fluorides OR "16984-48-8" OR 16984488 OR "Fluoride ion" OR "Sulfuryl fluoride" OR "sulfonyl fluoride" OR Vikane OR "Fluorosilicic acid" OR hydrofluorosilicate OR "Sodium hexafluorosilicate" OR "disodium hexafluorosilicate" OR "sodium fluorosilicate" OR "Sodium fluoride" OR "Potassium fluoride" OR "Calcium fluoride" OR "Ammonium fluoride" OR "Boron trifluoride" OR "Diethyl ether-boron trifluoride" OR (organopolysiloxanes AND "fluorinated group*"))) OR (AB=(Fluoride OR Fluorides OR "16984-48-8" OR 16984488 OR "Fluoride ion" OR "Sulfuryl fluoride" OR "sulfonyl fluoride" OR Vikane OR "Fluorosilicic acid" OR hydrofluorosilicate OR "Sodium hexafluorosilicate" OR "disodium hexafluorosilicate" OR "sodium fluorosilicate" OR "Sodium fluoride" OR "Potassium fluoride" OR "Calcium fluoride" OR "Ammonium fluoride" OR "Boron trifluoride" OR "Diethyl ether-boron trifluoride" OR (organopolysiloxanes AND "fluorinated group*"))) OR (AK=(Fluoride OR Fluorides OR "16984-48-8" OR 16984488 OR "Fluoride ion" OR "Sulfuryl fluoride" OR "sulfonyl fluoride" OR Vikane OR "Fluorosilicic acid" OR hydrofluorosilicate OR "Sodium hexafluorosilicate" OR "disodium hexafluorosilicate" OR "sodium fluorosilicate" OR "Sodium fluoride" OR "Potassium fluoride" OR "Calcium fluoride" OR "Ammonium fluoride" OR "Boron trifluoride" OR "Diethyl ether-boron trifluoride" OR (organopolysiloxanes AND "fluorinated group*"))).

43.             Toxicity search terms (adverse outcomes concepts, combined with OR operator)5 :
Toxicity (general concept): TS=(((adverse OR chronic OR fatal OR harmful* OR negative OR serious OR side OR Subchronic OR undesirable) AND (effect* OR event* OR outcome* OR reaction*)) OR Abnormal* OR Anomal* OR "Benchmark dose" OR "Benchmark doses" OR BMD OR BMDL OR Complication* OR Deficien* OR Deleterious OR "Dose effect" OR "Dose response" OR Hazard* OR injurious OR Intox* OR LOEL OR LOAEL OR "Lowest Observable Adverse effect level*" OR "Lowest Observed Adverse effect level*" OR Malformation* OR NOAEL OR NOAELs OR NOEL OR NOELs OR "No Observable Adverse Effect Level*" OR "No Observed Adverse Effect Level*" OR "No Observed Effect Level*" OR Pathogenic* OR Patholog* OR Physiopatholog* OR Toxic* OR Unhealth* OR Unsafe).

Neurotoxicity and developmental neurotoxicity concept: TS=(((Attention OR Behav* OR Brain OR Brains OR cognit* OR Coordination OR develop* OR neur* OR nervous OR mental) AND (deficit* OR diagnosis OR diagnoses OR disease* OR disorder* OR dysfunction* OR impair* OR manifestation* OR problem* OR retard* OR syndrome* OR patholog*)) OR "barnes maze" OR "Biel Maze" OR "Charcot-Marie-Tooth" OR "Cincinnati Maze" OR "Contextual Fear" OR "developmental period*" OR "Guillain-Barre syndrome" OR "IQ-test*" OR "Long term potentiation*" OR "maze-test*" OR "mental-recall*" OR "Morris water maze" OR "nerve-transmi*" OR "Nervous system" OR "Neuro-development*" OR "Neuro-genes*" OR "neuronal-transmi*" OR "neuro-transm*" OR "Novel Object recognition" OR "passive avoidance" OR "presynaptic-terminal*" OR "radial arm maze" OR "Rey Osterieth Complex Figure" OR "rheumatoid arthritis" OR "scholastic-achievement*" OR "Sjogren's syndrome" OR "spontaneous alternation" OR "Synaptic circuit*" OR "Synaptic dysfunction*" OR "Synaptic impair*" OR "Synaptic net" OR "Synaptic nets" OR "Synaptic network*" OR "Synaptic plasticity" OR "synaptic-neurotransmi*" OR "synaptic-transmi*" OR "trace fear" OR Alzheimer* OR Amnesia OR behav* OR Cerebell* OR Cerebr* OR Cortex OR CVMT OR Dementia OR Hippocam* OR intelligence OR learn* OR Locomot* OR memory OR Neocortex OR Neuroanatom* OR Neurobehav* OR Neurocognit* OR Neurodevelop* OR Neurodevelopment* OR Neurogenes* OR Neuropath* OR Neurotox* OR neurotransmi*).

Specific Adverse Outcome concept: TS=(fluoros* OR "Dental diseas*" OR "Mottled Enamel*" OR "Skeletal diseas*" OR "Tooth diseas*" OR "Teeth diseas*").

44.             Humans concept: TS=(Aged OR Baby OR Babies OR Boy OR Boys OR Child* OR cohort OR cohorts OR Elder* OR Girl OR Girls OR Human* OR "in vivo" OR Inpatient* OR Man OR Men OR "middle age" OR Newborn* OR "new born*" OR Outpatient* OR Participant* OR Patient* OR Pediatric* OR Paediatric* OR Person* OR People OR Preschool* OR "Research subject" OR "pre-school" OR Schoolchild* OR Seniors OR Student* OR Teen OR Teenager* OR Teens OR Toddler* OR Volunteer* OR Woman OR Women).

45.             Term excluded: TS=(Perfluor*).

Annex A to TOX/2026/12 - Fluoridation literature search proposal development

Key search 7 - Initial search 2022_Animal studies (WoS)

In this guide

This is a paper for discussion. This does not represent the views of the Committee and should not be cited.

46.             Literature search date: 22nd March 2022 (updated January 2024 (presumably 24th) 2 ).

47.             Search concept: Fluorides AND adverse outcomes AND animals NOT Perfluoride NOT sulfuryl fluoride (see below for further details).

48.             Chemical search terms (fluorides concept): see Key search 6.

49.             Adverse outcomes concept: see Key search 6.

50.             Animals concept: TS=(Dog OR Dogs OR "Laboratory Animal*" OR Mice OR Monkey OR Monkeys OR Mouse OR Pig OR Pigs OR Primate OR Primates OR Rabbit OR Rabbits OR Rat OR Rats OR Rodent* OR Swine).

51.             Terms excluded: TS=(Perfluor*) OR (TI=("Sulfuryl fluoride" OR "sulfonyl fluoride" OR Vikane)) OR (AB=("Sulfuryl fluoride" OR "sulfonyl fluoride" OR Vikane)) OR (AK=("Sulfuryl fluoride" OR "sulfonyl fluoride" OR Vikane)).

Annex A to TOX/2026/12 - Fluoridation literature search proposal development

Key search 8 - Targeted search on prospective human cohort studies on developmental neurotoxicity (WoS)

In this guide

This is a paper for discussion. This does not represent the views of the Committee and should not be cited.

52.             Literature search date: 11th January 2024.

53.             Search concept: Fluorides AND Neurodevelopment AND Humans NOT Animals NOT Perfluoride (see below for further details).

54.             Chemical search terms (fluorides concept): see Key search 6.

55.             Neurodevelopment concept: see Key search 6 (neurotoxicity and developmental neurotoxicity).

56.             Humans concept: see Key search 6.

57.             Animals concept (exclusion, covered using NOT operator): (TI=(Cavia OR Cricetinae OR Cricetus OR "guinea pig" OR "guinea pigs" OR Hamster* OR Mice OR Mouse OR Muridae OR Murinae OR Murine OR Mus OR Rat OR Rats OR Rattus OR Rodent* OR Felis OR Cat OR Cats OR Catus OR Dog OR Dogs OR Canine* OR Canis OR Mink OR Minks OR Mustela* OR Pig OR Pigs OR Swine OR "sus scrofa" OR "sus domestica" OR "sus domesticus" OR pork OR porks OR porcine OR suidae OR "sow" OR "sows" OR barrow* OR boar OR boars OR hog OR hogs OR gilt OR gilts OR Piglet* OR Monkey OR Monkeys OR Nomascus OR primate* OR animal* OR ruminant OR livestock* OR ruminants OR cattle OR heifer* OR bullock* OR steer OR steers OR ox OR oxen OR "Bos Taurus" OR "dairy herd*" OR "dairy breed*" OR weaner* OR yearling* OR stirk OR stirks OR springer* OR beef* OR veal OR veals OR feeder* OR cow OR cows OR bovin* OR sheep OR ovis OR ovine* OR ewe OR ewes OR lamb OR lambs OR mouflon* OR hogget* OR ram OR rams OR tup OR tups OR capra OR capras OR caprin* OR buck OR bucks OR geep OR geeps OR dam OR dams OR wether OR wethers OR goat OR goats OR buffalo OR buffaloes OR swine OR pig OR pigs OR poultry OR poultries OR fowl OR fowls OR galliform* OR wildfowl OR wildfowls OR "gallinaceous bird" OR landfowl OR landfowls OR Gallus OR broiler* OR capon OR capons OR cockerel* OR hen OR hens OR pullet OR pullets OR rooster OR roosters OR waterfowl OR waterfowls OR anatidae OR mallard* OR "Anas platyrhynchos" OR anser OR branta OR coturnix OR meleagris OR pigeon* OR dove OR doves OR columb* OR ostrich OR ostriches OR Struthio OR chicken OR chickens OR turkey OR turkeys OR duck OR ducks OR quail OR quails OR goose OR geese OR aquatic OR fish OR fishes OR pisces OR catfish OR perch OR percidae OR perca OR char OR salvelinus OR minnow* OR cyprinidae OR medaka OR stickleback OR chiron* OR sediment* OR dwell* OR marin* OR estuarine OR cursta* OR gastropod* OR mollusc* OR trout OR trouts OR salmon OR salmons OR "sea bream" OR seabream OR "sea bass" OR seabass OR turbot OR carp OR sturgeon OR eel OR eels OR tilapia OR cod OR halibut OR cobia OR "milk fish" OR tuna OR "tuna fish*" OR tunafish* OR horse OR equidae* OR equus OR equine* OR colt OR colts OR foal OR foals OR yearling* OR gelding* OR mare OR mares OR pony OR ponies OR stallion OR horses OR rabbit OR rabbits OR lagomorpha OR hare OR hares)).

58.             Term excluded: (TS=(Perfluor*)).

Annex A to TOX/2026/12 - Fluoridation literature search proposal development

Key search 9 - Targeted search on bone fractures and bone mineral density until 2003 (WoS)

In this guide

This is a paper for discussion. This does not represent the views of the Committee and should not be cited.

59.             Literature search date: 24th October 2023.

60.             Search concept: Fluorides AND bone outcomes AND humans (see below for further details).

61.             Chemical search terms (fluorides concept): see Key search 6.

62.             Bone outcomes concept: TS=(((Bone OR bones) NEAR/3 (cancer* OR decalcifi* OR demineraliz* OR demineralis* OR densit* OR disease* OR health OR loss* OR mass OR neoplas* OR tumor* OR tumour*)) OR "bone mineral densit*" OR osteopor* OR fracture* OR skelet*).

63.             Humans concept: see Key search 6.

Annex A to TOX/2026/12 - Fluoridation literature search proposal development

Key search 10 - Targeted search on effects on thyroid and exposure during pregnancy (WoS)

In this guide

This is a paper for discussion. This does not represent the views of the Committee and should not be cited.

64.             Literature search date: 11th January 2024.

65.             Search concept: Fluorides AND Pregnancy AND Endocrine system (see below for further details).

66.             Chemical search terms (fluorides concept): see Key search 6.

67.             Pregnancy concept: TS=(gestat* OR "in utero" OR maternal OR natal OR Parturition OR perinatal OR "peri natal" OR postnatal OR "post natal" OR "post-partum" OR postpartum OR pregnan* OR prenatal OR "pre natal" OR reproduct*).

68.             Endocrine system concept: TS=(“17-Ketosteroids” OR “α cell” OR “α cells” OR “alpha cell*” OR “Adrenal cortex” OR “Adrenal medulla” OR “Adrenal gland” OR “Adrenal glands” OR “β cell” OR “β cells” OR “beta cell” OR “beta cells” OR “Corpora lutea” OR “Corpus luteum” OR “Cytochrome p-450” OR “d cell” OR “d cells” OR “delta cell” OR “delta cells” OR “epidermal growth factor” OR “epidermal growth factors” OR “G cell” OR “G cells” OR “Gastric acid” OR “Gastric acids” OR “Gastric gland” OR “Gastric glands” OR “Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide” OR “Granulosa cell” OR “Granulosa cells” OR “Island of Langerhans” OR “Islet cell” OR “Islet cells” OR “Islet of Langerhans” OR “L cell” OR “L cells” OR “Langerhans island” OR “Langerhans islands” OR “Langerhans islet” OR “Langerhans islets” OR “Limbic system” OR “Liquor folliculi” OR “Luteal cell” OR “Luteal cells” OR "hypothyroid*" OR "hyperthyroid*" OR “non-steroid*” OR “p cell” OR “p cells” OR “peptide yy” OR “Pineal body” OR “Pineal bodies” OR “Pineal gland” OR “Pineal glands” OR “Pituitary adrenal” OR “Pituitary growth” OR “Pituitary gland” OR “Pituitary glands” OR “pp cell” OR “pp cells” OR “S cell” OR “S cells” OR “Secretin cell” OR “Secretin cells” OR “Sympathetic nervous system” OR “Sympathetic nervous systems” OR “Sympathoadrenal Axis” OR “Sympatho-adrenal Axis” OR “Sympathoadrenal Medullary System” OR “Sympathoadrenal Medullary Systems” OR “Sympatho-adrenal Medullary System” OR “Sympatho-adrenal Medullary Systems” OR “Sympathoadrenal System” OR “Sympathoadrenal Systems” OR “Sympatho-adrenal System” OR “Sympatho-adrenal Systems” OR “Theca cell” OR “Theca cells” OR “Zona fasciculata” OR “Zona glomerulosa” OR “Zona Reticularis” OR ACTH OR Activin OR Adrenocorticotropin OR Adenohypophys OR Adiponectin OR Adrenaline OR Aldosterone OR Androgen* OR Androstenedione OR Androsterone OR Angiotensin OR Bombesin OR Calcitonin OR Calcitrin OR Cholecystokinin OR Chromaffin OR Corticoid* OR Corticostero* OR Corticotrop* OR CRH OR Dehydroepiandrosterone OR Desoxycorticosterone OR Dextrothyroxine OR Diiodothyronines OR Diiodotyrosine OR Endocrin* OR Endorphin OR Enterochromaffin OR Enteroendocrin OR Epinephrine OR Epiphysis OR Epithalamus OR Estradiol OR Estrogen* OR Estrone OR Etiocholanone OR Follicle OR Follicles OR Follicular OR FSH OR Gastrin OR GH OR Ghrelin OR Glucagon OR Glucocorticoid* OR Gonad* OR Histamine OR Hormon* OR Hydrocortisone OR Hydroxyprogesterone OR Hypophyseal OR Hypothalam* OR Incretin OR Infundibul* OR Insulin OR Lactotrop* OR Leptin OR Lipotropin OR Luteiniz* OR LH OR Melanotrop* OR Melatonin OR Mineralcorticoid* OR Monoiodotyrosine OR Motilin OR Neuropeptide OR Neuropeptides OR Neurosecr* OR Norepinephrine OR Oocyte OR Oocytes OR Oogenesis OR Ovulation OR Ovulations OR Oxytocin OR Parathyroid OR Parathyroids OR Phytoestrogen OR Phytoestrogens OR Procalcitonin OR Proglucagon OR Pregnenolone OR Progesterone OR Proinsulin OR Prolactin OR Relaxin OR Renin OR Resistin OR Secretin OR Serotonin OR Serum T3 OR Serum T4 OR Somatostatin OR Somatotrop* OR Steroid* OR Testosterone OR Tetrahydrocortisol OR Tetrahydrocortisone OR Thymalfasin OR Thymic OR Thymopentin OR Thymopoietin OR Thymosin OR Thymus OR Thyroid* OR Thyrotrop* OR Thyronine OR Thyrosin OR Thyrotrop* OR Thyroxine OR Triiodothyronine OR TSH OR Urocortin* OR Urotensin OR Vasopressin OR Vasotocin).

Annex A to TOX/2026/12 - Fluoridation literature search proposal development

NTP (2024)

In this guide

This is a paper for discussion. This does not represent the views of the Committee and should not be cited.

69.             Key endpoints covered: neurodevelopment and cognition.

70.             Databases: BIOSIS (Thomson Reuters); EMBASE; PsycINFO (APA PsycNet); PubMed (NLM); Scopus (Elsevier); WoS (Thomson Reuters, WoS indexes the journal Fluoride); Supplemental Chinese Database Literature Search (CNKI and Wanfang).

Key search 1 - PubMed

71.             Literature search date: 1 April 2019 (updated 1 May 2020 (human only)[10] and October 2023 (children’s IQ only)).

72.             Search concept: Fluorides AND neurodevelopment/cognition (see below for further details).

73.             Chemical search terms (fluorides concept): ((Fluorides[mh[11]:noexp] OR fluorides, topical[mh] OR sodium fluoride[mh] OR Fluorosis, Dental[mh] OR fluorosis[tiab] OR fluorid*[tiab] OR flurid*[tiab] OR fluorin*[tiab] OR florin*[tiab]) NOT (18F[tiab] OR f-18[tiab] OR 19F[tiab] OR f-19[tiab] OR f-labeled[tiab] OR "fluorine-18"[tiab] OR "fluorine-19"[tiab] OR pet-scan[tiab] OR radioligand*[tiab])).

74.             Neurodevelopment/cognition concept: ((Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases[mh] OR Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator[mh] OR Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms[mh] OR Gene Expression Regulation[mh] OR Glucuronosyltransferase[mh] OR Intelligence tests[mh] OR Malate Dehydrogenase[mh] OR Mediator Complex Subunit 1[mh] OR Mental disorders[mh] OR Mental processes[mh] OR Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters[mh] OR Myelin Basic Protein[mh] OR nervous system[mh] OR nervous system diseases[mh] OR nervous system physiological phenomena[mh] OR Neurogranin[mh] OR Oligodendroglia[mh] OR Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors[mh] OR Psychological Phenomena and Processes[mh] OR Receptors, thyroid hormone[mh] OR Receptors, thyrotropin[mh] OR Retinoid X Receptors[mh] OR thyroid diseases[mh] OR thyroid hormones[mh] OR Thyrotropinreleasing hormone[mh] OR Thyroxine-Binding Proteins[mh] OR Pregnane X Receptor[supplementary concept] OR thyroid-hormone-receptor interacting protein[supplementary concept] OR Constitutive androstane receptor[supplementary concept] OR Academic performance[tiab] OR auditory[tiab] OR cortical[tiab] OR delayed development[tiab] OR developmental impairment[tiab] OR developmentaldelay*[tiab] OR developmental-disorder*[tiab] OR euthyroid[tiab] OR gait[tiab] OR glia*[tiab] OR gliogenesis[tiab] OR hyperactiv*[tiab] OR impulse-control[tiab] OR iodide peroxidase[tiab] OR IQ[tiab] OR ischemi*[tiab] OR locomotor[tiab] OR mental deficiency[tiab] OR mental development[tiab] OR mental illness[tiab] OR mental-deficit[tiab] OR mobility[tiab] OR mood[tiab] OR morris-maze[tiab] OR morris-water[tiab] OR motor abilit*[tiab] OR Motor activities[tiab] OR motor performance[tiab] OR nerve[tiab] OR neural[tiab] OR neurobehav*[tiab] OR Neurocognitive impairment[tiab] OR neurodegenerat*[tiab] OR Neurodevelopment*[tiab] OR neurodisease*[tiab] OR neurologic*[tiab] OR neuromuscular[tiab] OR neuron*[tiab] OR neuropath*[tiab] OR obsessive compulsive[tiab] OR OCD[tiab] OR olfaction[tiab] OR olfactory[tiab] OR open-field-test[tiab] OR passive avoidance[tiab] OR plasticity[tiab] OR senil*[tiab] OR sociab*[tiab] OR speech*[tiab] OR spelling[tiab] OR stereotypic-movement*[tiab] OR synap*[tiab] OR tauopath*[tiab] OR Thyroglobulin[tiab] OR Thyroid disease*[tiab] OR thyroid gland[tiab] OR thyroid hormone*[tiab] OR thyronine*[tiab] OR visual motor[tiab] OR Visuospatial processing[tiab] OR water maze[tiab]) OR ((active-avoidance[tiab] OR ADHD[tiab] OR alzheimer*[tiab] OR amygdala[tiab] OR antisocial[tiab] OR anxiety[tiab] OR anxious[tiab] OR asperger*[tiab] OR attention deficit[tiab] OR autism[tiab] OR autistic[tiab] OR behavioral[tiab] OR behaviors[tiab] OR behavioural[tiab] OR behaviours[tiab] OR bipolar[tiab] OR cerebellum[tiab] OR cognition[tiab] OR cognitive[tiab] OR communicationdisorder*[tiab] OR comprehension[tiab] OR cranial[tiab] OR dementia[tiab] OR dendrit*[tiab] OR dentate-gyrus[tiab] OR depression[tiab] OR dextrothyroxine[tiab] OR diiodothyronine*[tiab] OR diiodotyrosine[tiab] OR down syndrome[tiab] OR dyslexia[tiab] OR entorhinal cortex[tiab] OR epilep*[tiab] OR gangli*[tiab] OR goiter[tiab] OR graves-disease[tiab] OR hearing[tiab] OR hippocamp*[tiab] OR human development[tiab] OR hyperthyroid*[tiab] OR hypothalam*[tiab] OR hypothyroid*[tiab] OR impulsiv*[tiab] OR Intellectual disability[tiab] OR intelligence[tiab] OR language[tiab] OR learning[tiab] OR lewy bod*[tiab] OR long-term potentiation[tiab] OR long-term synaptic depression[tiab] OR memory[tiab] OR mental disorder*[tiab] OR mental recall[tiab] OR monoiodotyrosine[tiab] OR Motor activity[tiab] OR motor skill*[tiab] OR multiple sclerosis[tiab] OR myxedema[tiab] OR Nervous system[tiab] OR nervous-system[tiab] OR neurit*[tiab] OR optic[tiab] OR palsy[tiab] OR panic[tiab] OR parahippocamp*[tiab] OR paranoia[tiab] OR paranoid[tiab] OR parkinson*[tiab] OR perception[tiab] OR perforant*[tiab] OR personality[tiab] OR phobia[tiab] OR problem solving[tiab] OR proprioception[tiab] OR psychomotor[tiab] OR reflex[tiab] OR risk taking[tiab] OR schizophrenia[tiab] OR seizure*[tiab] OR sensation*[tiab] OR sleep[tiab] OR smell[tiab] OR spatial behavior[tiab] OR stroke[tiab] OR substantia-nigra[tiab] OR taste[tiab] OR thyroiditis[tiab] OR thyrotoxicosis[tiab] OR Thyrotropin[tiab] OR thyroxine[tiab] OR triiodothyronine[tiab] OR vision[tiab]) NOT medline[sb])).

[10] The epidemiology data were fully assessed, while the animal and mechanistic literature were scanned for potentially major advances that might impact the confidence conclusions, but this effort did not find significant evidence of increased understanding of how fluoride may affect children’s cognitive neurodevelopment and did not strengthen the confidence assessment based on the human evidence available in 2020. In early drafts, it was apparent that the animal data were of poor quality and that the human data were most informative and would be the basis of the confidence conclusions. Therefore, findings from the animal evidence stream were determined to be inadequate and were removed from further drafts.

[11] MeSH heading.

Annex A to TOX/2026/12 - Fluoridation literature search proposal development

HRB (2022)

In this guide

This is a paper for discussion. This does not represent the views of the Committee and should not be cited.

75.             Key endpoints covered: neuropsychological outcomes, bone health, and endocrine conditions (including thyroid function).

76.             Databases: Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Cochrane Library (John Wiley & Sons Inc), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), Epistemonikos (Epistemonikos Foundation), PROSPERO (University of York), and Cochrane CENTRAL (John Wiley & Sons Inc).

Key search 1 - PubMed

77.             Literature search date: 19 May 2021 (updated 28 September 2021).

78.             Search concept: Fluorides AND water AND human (see below for further details).

79.             Chemical search terms (fluorides concept): ((fluorid* or fluorin* or flurid* or florin*).mp[12]./) OR ((fluorid* or fluorin* or flurid* or florin*).sh[13].) OR (exp[14] Fluoride/ or exp Fluorides/ or exp Fluoridation/ or exp Fluorine/).

80.             Water concept: (exp Water/ or exp Water Supply/) OR water.mp.

81.             Human concept: blind*.mp. OR Case-Control Studies/ OR case-control.mp. OR ("case series" or "time series" or "before and after").mp. OR Cohort Studies/ OR cohort analysis/ OR cohort*.mp. OR control*.mp. OR clinical trial/ OR Cohort Studies/ OR cross over.mp. OR crossover.mp. OR crossover.mp. OR cross sectional.mp. OR double-blind method/ OR doubl*.mp. OR exp clinical trial/ OR comparative study/ OR comparative stud*.mp. OR controlled clinical trial/ OR Correlation study/ OR cross sectional study/ OR Ecological study/ or ecological stud*.mp. or ecological study.mp. OR evaluation study/ OR evaluation stud*.mp. OR Follow-Up Studies/ or followup.mp. or follow-up.mp. OR (health* adj2 survey*).mp. OR Incidence/ OR incidence.mp. OR mask*.mp. OR Mortality/ OR mortality.tw[15]. OR observational study/ OR Placebos/ OR placebo*.mp. OR predict*.mp. OR Prevalence/ OR prevalence.mp. OR prognos*.mp OR random*.mp. OR Randomized Controlled Trial/ OR random allocation/ OR risk.mp. OR exp Research Design/ OR Single-Blind Method/ OR singl*.mp. OR trebl*.mp. OR tripl*.mp. OR volunteer*.mp.

82.             Exclusion: not (exp animals/ not humans.sh.).

[12] Multi-purpose.

[13] Subject heading.

[14] Exploded subject heading.

[15] Text word.

Annex A to TOX/2026/12 - Fluoridation literature search proposal development

CADTH (2019)

In this guide

This is a paper for discussion. This does not represent the views of the Committee and should not be cited.

83.             Key endpoints covered: neurodevelopment, skeletal fluorosis, bone development and bone fracture, and thyroid function.

84.             Databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Health Technology Assessment database (all via Ovid), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) via EBSCO, PubMed, and Scopus.

Key search 1 - Medline

85.             Literature search date: 1 January 2014[16] to 18 October 2017 (updated biweekly until project completion[17]).

86.             Search concept: Fluorides (AND water) AND human (see below for further details).

87.             Chemical search terms (fluorides concept): Fluoridation/ OR (antifluorid* or defluorid* or defluorin* or deflurin* or deflurid* or fluoridation* or nonfluorid* or nonfluorin* or nonflurin* or nonflurid*).ti,ab[18],kf[19],kw[20].

88.             Chemical search terms (combined with water concept using AND operator): exp Fluorides/ OR (fluorid* or fluorin* or flurin* or flurid*).ti,ab,kf,kw.

89.             Water concept: exp Water supply/ OR Drinking Water/ OR Water Quality/ OR (water* or groundwater* or ground-water*).ti,ab,kf,kw.

90.             Species concept (exclusion, covered using NOT operator): (exp animals/ OR exp animal experimentation/ or exp animal experiment/ OR exp models animal/ OR nonhuman/ OR exp vertebrate/ or exp vertebrates/) NOT (exp humans/ OR exp human experimentation/ or exp human experiment/).

[16] Update to the reviews by Jack et al., 2016 (report to the NHMRC) and McLaren and Singhal, 2016. CADTH acknowledged that “there is a possibility, though rare, to miss on any relevant literature published before January 2014 and not included in the two identified SRs [systematic reviews]”.

[17] Possibly December 2018.

[18] Abstract.

[19] Author keyword heading word (MEDLINE).

[20] Keyword heading (MEDLINE).

Annex A to TOX/2026/12 - Fluoridation literature search proposal development

RSNZ (2014)

In this guide

This is a paper for discussion. This does not represent the views of the Committee and should not be cited.

91.             Key endpoints covered: skeletal, neurotoxicity/IQ, and endocrine (including the thyroid) effects.

92.             Databases: Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane library database, Scopus, and WoS.

93.             Further details on search strategies and dates were not specified.

 

Annex A to TOX/2026/12 - Fluoridation literature search proposal development

Updated searches

In this guide

This is a paper for discussion. This does not represent the views of the Committee and should not be cited.

Key search 1A - Human studies (PubMed)

94.             (((((("Fluorides"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Fluorides, Topical"[Mesh] OR "Sodium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "Calcium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "sulfuryl fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicic acid" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicate" [Supplementary Concept] OR "potassium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "ammonium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "boron trifluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR Fluoride[tiab] OR Fluorides[tiab] OR "16984-48-8"[tiab] OR 16984488[tiab] OR "Fluoride ion"[tiab] OR "Sulfuryl fluoride"[tiab] OR "sulfonyl fluoride"[tiab] OR Vikane[tiab] OR "Fluorosilicic acid"[tiab] OR hydrofluorosilicate[tiab] OR "Sodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "disodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "sodium fluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "Sodium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Potassium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Calcium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Ammonium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR "Diethyl ether-boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR (organopolysiloxanes[tiab] AND "fluorinated group*"[tiab])) AND ("Liver Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Liver"[Mesh] OR "Kidney Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Kidney"[Mesh] OR "Creatinine"[Mesh] OR "Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury"[Mesh] OR "Gastrointestinal Tract"[Mesh] OR "Urinary Bladder"[Mesh] OR "Urinary Tract"[Mesh] OR "Urologic Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Pancreas"[Mesh] OR "Spleen"[Mesh] OR Hepat*[tiab] OR liver*[tiab] OR hepatotox*[tiab] OR creatinine*[tiab] OR gamma-glutamyl*[tiab] OR transaminase*[tiab] OR aminotransferase*[tiab] OR kidney*[tiab] OR nephrotox*[tiab] OR renal[tiab] OR Bowel*[tiab] OR gastrointestinal*[tiab] OR Gut[tiab] OR Guts[tiab] OR Intestinal*[tiab] OR Urin*[tiab] OR Urogenital*[tiab] OR Pancrea*[tiab] OR Spleen[tiab] OR "Respiratory System"[Mesh] OR Alveol*[tiab] OR Bronch*[tiab] OR Laryn*[tiab] OR Lung*[tiab] OR Mucocil*[tiab] OR Nasal*[tiab] OR Naso*[tiab] OR Nose[tiab] OR Noses[tiab] OR Pharyn*[tiab] OR Pulmon*[tiab] OR "Respiratory system"[tiab] OR Rhino*[tiab] OR Trache*[tiab] OR "Attention"[Mesh] OR "Brain"[Mesh] OR "Brain/growth and development"[Mesh] OR "Cognition Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Cognition"[Mesh] OR "Dementia"[Mesh] OR "Intelligence Tests"[Mesh] OR "Intelligence"[Mesh] OR "Learning Disabilities"[Mesh] OR "Learning"[Mesh] OR "Memory and Learning Tests"[Mesh] OR "Memory Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Memory"[Mesh] OR "Nervous System Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Nervous System"[Mesh] OR "Neurobehavioral Manifestations"[Mesh] OR "Neurocognitive Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Neurodevelopmental disorders"[Mesh] OR "Neurotoxicity Syndromes"[Mesh] OR ((Attention[tiab] OR Behav*[tiab] OR Brain[tiab] OR Brains[tiab] OR cognit*[tiab] OR Coordination[tiab] OR develop*[tiab] OR neur*[tiab] OR nervous[tiab] OR mental[tiab]) AND (deficit*[tiab] OR diagnosis[tiab] OR diagnoses[tiab] OR disease*[tiab] OR disorder*[tiab] OR dysfunction*[tiab] OR impair*[tiab] OR manifestation*[tiab] OR problem*[tiab] OR retard*[tiab] OR syndrome*[tiab] OR patholog*[tiab])) OR (DNT[tiab] NOT dinitrotoluene[tiab]) OR "barnes maze"[tiab] OR "Biel Maze"[tiab] OR "Charcot-Marie-Tooth"[tiab] OR "Cincinnati Maze"[tiab] OR "Contextual Fear"[tiab] OR "developmental period*"[tiab] OR "Guillain-Barre syndrome"[tiab] OR "IQ-test*"[tiab] OR "Long term potentiation*"[tiab] OR "maze-test*"[tiab] OR "mental-recall*"[tiab] OR "Morris water maze"[tiab] OR "nerve-transmi*"[tiab] OR "Nervous system"[tiab] OR "Neuro-development*"[tiab] OR "Neuro-genes*"[tiab] OR "neuronal-transmi*"[tiab] OR "neuro-transm*"[tiab] OR "Novel Object recognition"[tiab] OR "passive avoidance"[tiab] OR "presynaptic-terminal*"[tiab] OR "radial arm maze"[tiab] OR "Rey Osterieth Complex Figure"[tiab] OR "rheumatoid arthritis"[tiab] OR "scholastic-achievement*"[tiab] OR "Sjogren's syndrome"[tiab] OR "spontaneous alternation"[tiab] OR "Synaptic circuit*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic dysfunction*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic impair*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic net"[tiab] OR "Synaptic nets"[tiab] OR "Synaptic network*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic plasticity"[tiab] OR "synaptic-neurotransmi*"[tiab] OR "synaptic-transmi*"[tiab] OR "trace fear"[tiab] OR Alzheimer*[tiab] OR Amnesia[tiab] OR behav*[tiab] OR Cerebell*[tiab] OR Cerebr*[tiab] OR Cortex[tiab] OR CVMT[tiab] OR Dementia[tiab] OR Hippocam*[tiab] OR intelligence[tiab] OR learn*[tiab] OR Locomot*[tiab] OR memory[tiab] OR Neocortex[tiab] OR Neuroanatom*[tiab] OR Neurobehav*[tiab] OR Neurocognit*[tiab] OR Neurodevelop*[tiab] OR Neurodevelopment*[tiab] OR Neurogenes*[tiab] OR Neuropath*[tiab] OR Neurotox*[tiab] OR neurotransmi*[tiab] OR "Fluorosis, Dental"[Mesh] OR "Tooth Diseases"[Mesh:NoExp] OR Fluoros*[tiab] OR "Dental diseas*"[tiab] OR "Mottled Enamel*"[tiab] OR "Skeletal diseas*"[tiab] OR "Tooth diseas*"[tiab] OR "Teeth diseas*"[tiab] OR "abnormalities"[Subheading] OR "adverse effects" [Subheading] OR "Chemically-Induced Disorders"[Mesh] OR "complications" [Subheading] OR "injuries" [Subheading] OR "Long Term Adverse Effects"[Mesh] OR "pathogenicity" [Subheading] OR "Toxicity Tests"[Mesh] OR "toxicity" [Subheading] OR "Toxicological Phenomena"[Mesh] OR ((adverse[tiab] OR chronic[tiab] OR fatal[tiab] OR harmful*[tiab] OR negative[tiab] OR serious[tiab] OR side[tiab] OR Subchronic[tiab] OR undesirable[tiab]) AND (effect*[tiab] OR event*[tiab] OR outcome*[tiab] OR reaction*[tiab])) OR Abnormal*[tiab] OR Anomal*[tiab] OR "Benchmark dose"[tiab] OR "Benchmark doses"[tiab] OR BMD[tiab] OR BMDL[tiab] OR Complication*[tiab] OR Deficien*[tiab] OR Deleterious[tiab] OR "Dose effect"[tiab] OR "Dose response"[tiab] OR Hazard*[tiab] OR injurious[tiab] OR Intox*[tiab] OR LOEL[tiab] OR LOAEL[tiab] OR "Lowest Observable Adverse effect level*"[tiab] OR "Lowest Observed Adverse effect level*"[tiab] OR Malformation*[tiab] OR NOAEL[tiab] OR NOAELs[tiab] OR NOEL[tiab] OR NOELs[tiab] OR "No Observable Adverse Effect Level*"[tiab] OR "No Observed Adverse Effect Level*"[tiab] OR "No Observed Effect Level*"[tiab] OR Pathogenic*[tiab] OR Patholog*[tiab] OR Physiopatholog*[tiab] OR Toxic*[tiab] OR Unhealth*[tiab] OR Unsafe[tiab] OR "Allergens"[Mesh] OR "Allergy and Immunology"[Mesh] OR "Asthma"[Mesh] OR "Hypersensitivity"[Mesh] OR "Immune System"[Mesh] OR "Immune System Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Immune System Phenomena"[Mesh] OR "Immunomodulation"[Mesh] OR "Immunologic Factors"[Mesh] OR allerg*[tiab] OR Antibod*[tiab] OR Antigen*[tiab] OR Asthma[tiab] OR Autoimmun*[tiab] OR "cell-mediated response"[tiab] OR Histamin*[tiab] OR Hypersensitiv*[tiab] OR "Humoral Response"[tiab] OR immun* [tiab] OR Leukocyt*[tiab] OR Lymphocyt*[tiab] OR sensitisation[tiab] OR sensitization[tiab] OR "T cell*"[tiab] OR "B cell*"[tiab] OR "Natural killer cell*"[tiab] OR Monocyt*[tiab] OR Neutrophil*[tiab] OR Dendritic cell*[tiab] OR Macrophage*[tiab] OR "Aneugens"[Mesh] OR "Aneuploidy"[Mesh] OR "Apoptosis"[Mesh] OR "Cell Cycle"[Mesh] OR "Cell Hypoxia"[Mesh] OR "Cell line"[Mesh] OR "Cell Proliferation"[Mesh] OR "Cell Survival"[Mesh] OR "Chromosome Aberrations"[Mesh] OR "Chromosomes"[Mesh] OR "Comet Assay"[Mesh] OR "Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic"[Mesh] OR "Cytotoxicity, Immunologic"[Mesh] OR "DNA Adducts"[Mesh] OR "DNA Damage"[Mesh] OR "DNA Fragmentation"[Mesh] OR "Free Radicals"[Mesh] OR "Genomic Instability"[Mesh] OR "Homeostasis"[Mesh] OR "Mutagenesis"[Mesh] OR "Mutagenicity Tests"[Mesh] OR "Mutagens" [Pharmacological Action] OR "Mutagens"[Mesh] OR "Mutation"[Mesh] OR "Oxidative Stress"[Mesh] OR "Reactive Oxygen Species"[Mesh] OR "Sister Chromatid Exchange"[Mesh] OR ((Cell[tiab] OR cells[tiab] OR cellular[tiab]) AND (hypoxi*[tiab] OR homeosta*[tiab] OR impairment*[tiab] OR necro*[tiab] OR toxicity[tiab] OR prolifer*[tiab] OR grow*[tiab] OR survival[tiab])) OR ((DNA[tiab] OR gene*[tiab]) AND (deletion[tiab] OR mutation[tiab] OR adducts[tiab] OR binding[tiab] OR break*[tiab] OR fragment*[tiab] OR damage*[tiab] OR impair*[tiab] OR inhibit*[tiab] OR lesion*[tiab] OR injur*[tiab] OR repair*[tiab])) OR "AMES assay"[tiab] OR "AMES test*"[tiab] OR Aneugen*[tiab] OR Aneuploid*[tiab] OR Antioxid*[tiab] OR Apopto* [tiab] OR Catalase[tiab] OR Chromatid*[tiab] OR Chromosom*[tiab] OR Cytogen*[tiab] OR cytotox*[tiab] OR Clastogen*[tiab] OR "COMET assay"[tiab] OR "COMET test*"[tiab] OR "Genetic material*"[tiab] OR Genotox*[tiab] OR "Genomic instability"[tiab] OR "glutathione peroxidase"[tiab] OR Heterozyg*[tiab] OR "Micronucleus assay"[tiab] OR "Micronucleus test*"[tiab] OR Mitogen*[tiab] OR Mutagen*[tiab] OR Mutation*[tiab] OR Necros*[tiab] OR Oxidat*[tiab] OR Peroxid*[tiab] OR Polymorph*[tiab] OR Radical[tiab] OR Radicals[tiab] OR "Reactive oxygen species"[tiab] OR ROS[tiab] OR "Superoxide-dismutase"[tiab] OR Transgen*[tiab] OR "Inflammation"[Mesh] OR "Inflammation Mediators"[Mesh] OR Angiotensin*[tiab] OR Chemokin*[tiab] OR Cytokin*[tiab] OR Inflam*[tiab] OR Kinin*[tiab] OR Neuroinflam*[tiab] OR Proinflam*[tiab] OR "Pro-inflam*"[tiab] OR Thromboinflam*[tiab] OR "Angiogenesis Inducing Agents" [Pharmacological Action] OR "Angiogenesis Inducing Agents"[Mesh] OR "Carcinogenesis"[Mesh] OR "Carcinogenicity Tests"[Mesh] OR "Carcinogens"[Mesh] OR "Myelodysplastic-Myeloproliferative Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Neoplasms"[Mesh] OR Adenoca*[tiab] OR Angiogen*[tiab] OR Cancer*[tiab] OR Carcino*[tiab] OR Cocarcino*[tiab] OR Fibroma*[tiab] OR Hyperplas*[tiab] OR Leukemia[tiab] OR Lymphom*[tiab] OR Melano*[tiab] OR Metasta*[tiab] OR Myeloma*[tiab] OR Neoplas*[tiab] OR Precancer*[tiab] OR Oncogen*[tiab] OR Oncolog*[tiab] OR Osteoma*[tiab] OR Sarcoma*[tiab] OR Tumor*[tiab] OR Tumour*[tiab] OR "Embryonic Development"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Development"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Neurodevelopmental disorders"[Mesh] OR "Embryonic and Fetal Development"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Abortion, Spontaneous"[Mesh] OR "Abortion, Threatened"[Mesh] OR "Abortion, Veterinary"[Mesh] OR "Animals, Newborn"[Mesh] OR "Breast Feeding"[Mesh] OR "Congenital Abnormalities"[Mesh] OR "Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities"[Mesh] OR "Embryo, Mammalian"[Mesh] OR "Embryonic Structures"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Estrous Cycle"[Mesh] OR "Fertility"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Growth Retardation"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Organ Maturity"[Mesh] OR "Fetus"[Mesh] OR "Genitalia"[Mesh] OR "Growth and Development"[Mesh] OR "Infant, Newborn"[Mesh] OR "Infertility"[Mesh] OR "Lactation"[Mesh] OR "Milk, Human"[Mesh] OR "Menstrual Cycle"[Mesh] OR "Organogenesis"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Pregnancy Complications"[Mesh] OR "Pregnancy"[Mesh] OR "Prenatal Injuries"[Mesh] OR "Reproduction"[Mesh] OR "Reproductive Physiological Phenomena"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Spermatocytes"[Mesh] OR "Teratogenesis"[Mesh] OR "Teratogens"[Mesh] OR abort*[tiab] OR Breast*[tiab] OR Cervic*[tiab] OR Cervix[tiab] OR embryo*[tiab] OR Estrous[tiab] OR Estrus[tiab] OR fertility[tiab] OR Fetal*[tiab] OR fetotoxic*[tiab] OR fetus[tiab] OR Foetotoxic*[tiab] OR foetus[tiab] OR Foetal*[tiab] OR follicle*[tiab] OR genital*[tiab] OR gestat*[tiab] OR "Human milk*"[tiab] OR Infant*[tiab] OR infertil*[tiab] OR Lactating[tiab] OR Lactation*[tiab] OR Menstrua*[tiab] OR "New-born*"[tiab] OR newborn*[tiab] OR Oestrous[tiab] OR Oestrus[tiab] OR Ovar*[tiab] OR Parturition[tiab] OR Placent*[tiab] OR "post-partum"[tiab] OR postpartum[tiab] OR pregnanc*[tiab] OR premature[tiab] OR prenatal[tiab] OR Reproduct*[tiab] OR sperm*[tiab] OR teratogen*[tiab] OR Testes[tiab] OR Testic*[tiab] OR Testis[tiab] OR Uterin*[tiab] OR Uterus[tiab] OR Uteruses[tiab] OR Vagin*[tiab])) NOT ("Animals"[Mesh] NOT "Humans"[Mesh])) NOT ((rat[ti] OR rats[ti] OR mouse[ti] OR mice[ti] OR swine[ti] OR porcine[ti] OR murine[ti] OR sheep[ti] OR lambs[ti] OR pigs[ti] OR piglets[ti] OR rabbit[ti] OR rabbits[ti] OR cat[ti] OR cats[ti] OR dog[ti] OR dogs[ti] OR cattle[ti] OR bovine[ti] OR monkey[ti] OR monkeys[ti] OR trout[ti] OR marmoset*[ti]) NOT medline[sb])) NOT Perfluor*[tiab]) AND (("2024/01/24"[Date - Publication] : "2026/02/03"[Date - Publication]))) AND (English[Language]).

Annex A to TOX/2026/12 - Fluoridation literature search proposal development

Key search 1B (with NTP neurotoxicity terms)

In this guide

This is a paper for discussion. This does not represent the views of the Committee and should not be cited.

95.             (((((("Fluorides"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Fluorides, Topical"[Mesh] OR "Sodium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "Calcium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "sulfuryl fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicic acid" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicate" [Supplementary Concept] OR "potassium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "ammonium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "boron trifluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR Fluoride[tiab] OR Fluorides[tiab] OR "16984-48-8"[tiab] OR 16984488[tiab] OR "Fluoride ion"[tiab] OR "Sulfuryl fluoride"[tiab] OR "sulfonyl fluoride"[tiab] OR Vikane[tiab] OR "Fluorosilicic acid"[tiab] OR hydrofluorosilicate[tiab] OR "Sodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "disodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "sodium fluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "Sodium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Potassium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Calcium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Ammonium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR "Diethyl ether-boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR (organopolysiloxanes[tiab] AND "fluorinated group*"[tiab])) AND ("Liver Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Liver"[Mesh] OR "Kidney Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Kidney"[Mesh] OR "Creatinine"[Mesh] OR "Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury"[Mesh] OR "Gastrointestinal Tract"[Mesh] OR "Urinary Bladder"[Mesh] OR "Urinary Tract"[Mesh] OR "Urologic Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Pancreas"[Mesh] OR "Spleen"[Mesh] OR Hepat*[tiab] OR liver*[tiab] OR hepatotox*[tiab] OR creatinine*[tiab] OR gamma-glutamyl*[tiab] OR transaminase*[tiab] OR aminotransferase*[tiab] OR kidney*[tiab] OR nephrotox*[tiab] OR renal[tiab] OR Bowel*[tiab] OR gastrointestinal*[tiab] OR Gut[tiab] OR Guts[tiab] OR Intestinal*[tiab] OR Urin*[tiab] OR Urogenital*[tiab] OR Pancrea*[tiab] OR Spleen[tiab] OR "Respiratory System"[Mesh] OR Alveol*[tiab] OR Bronch*[tiab] OR Laryn*[tiab] OR Lung*[tiab] OR Mucocil*[tiab] OR Nasal*[tiab] OR Naso*[tiab] OR Nose[tiab] OR Noses[tiab] OR Pharyn*[tiab] OR Pulmon*[tiab] OR "Respiratory system"[tiab] OR Rhino*[tiab] OR Trache*[tiab] OR "Attention"[Mesh] OR "Brain"[Mesh] OR "Brain/growth and development"[Mesh] OR "Cognition Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Cognition"[Mesh] OR "Dementia"[Mesh] OR "Intelligence Tests"[Mesh] OR "Intelligence"[Mesh] OR "Learning Disabilities"[Mesh] OR "Learning"[Mesh] OR "Memory and Learning Tests"[Mesh] OR "Memory Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Memory"[Mesh] OR "Nervous System Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Nervous System"[Mesh] OR "Neurobehavioral Manifestations"[Mesh] OR "Neurocognitive Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Neurodevelopmental disorders"[Mesh] OR "Neurotoxicity Syndromes"[Mesh] OR ((Attention[tiab] OR Behav*[tiab] OR Brain[tiab] OR Brains[tiab] OR cognit*[tiab] OR Coordination[tiab] OR develop*[tiab] OR neur*[tiab] OR nervous[tiab] OR mental[tiab]) AND (deficit*[tiab] OR diagnosis[tiab] OR diagnoses[tiab] OR disease*[tiab] OR disorder*[tiab] OR dysfunction*[tiab] OR impair*[tiab] OR manifestation*[tiab] OR problem*[tiab] OR retard*[tiab] OR syndrome*[tiab] OR patholog*[tiab])) OR (DNT[tiab] NOT dinitrotoluene[tiab]) OR "barnes maze"[tiab] OR "Biel Maze"[tiab] OR "Charcot-Marie-Tooth"[tiab] OR "Cincinnati Maze"[tiab] OR "Contextual Fear"[tiab] OR "developmental period*"[tiab] OR "Guillain-Barre syndrome"[tiab] OR "IQ-test*"[tiab] OR "Long term potentiation*"[tiab] OR "maze-test*"[tiab] OR "mental-recall*"[tiab] OR "Morris water maze"[tiab] OR "nerve-transmi*"[tiab] OR "Nervous system"[tiab] OR "Neuro-development*"[tiab] OR "Neuro-genes*"[tiab] OR "neuronal-transmi*"[tiab] OR "neuro-transm*"[tiab] OR "Novel Object recognition"[tiab] OR "passive avoidance"[tiab] OR "presynaptic-terminal*"[tiab] OR "radial arm maze"[tiab] OR "Rey Osterieth Complex Figure"[tiab] OR "rheumatoid arthritis"[tiab] OR "scholastic-achievement*"[tiab] OR "Sjogren's syndrome"[tiab] OR "spontaneous alternation"[tiab] OR "Synaptic circuit*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic dysfunction*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic impair*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic net"[tiab] OR "Synaptic nets"[tiab] OR "Synaptic network*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic plasticity"[tiab] OR "synaptic-neurotransmi*"[tiab] OR "synaptic-transmi*"[tiab] OR "trace fear"[tiab] OR Alzheimer*[tiab] OR Amnesia[tiab] OR behav*[tiab] OR Cerebell*[tiab] OR Cerebr*[tiab] OR Cortex[tiab] OR CVMT[tiab] OR Dementia[tiab] OR Hippocam*[tiab] OR intelligence[tiab] OR learn*[tiab] OR Locomot*[tiab] OR memory[tiab] OR Neocortex[tiab] OR Neuroanatom*[tiab] OR Neurobehav*[tiab] OR Neurocognit*[tiab] OR Neurodevelop*[tiab] OR Neurodevelopment*[tiab] OR Neurogenes*[tiab] OR Neuropath*[tiab] OR Neurotox*[tiab] OR neurotransmi*[tiab] OR (((Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases[mh] OR Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator[mh] OR Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms[mh] OR Gene Expression Regulation[mh] OR Glucuronosyltransferase[mh] OR Intelligence tests[mh] OR Malate Dehydrogenase[mh] OR Mediator Complex Subunit 1[mh] OR Mental disorders[mh] OR Mental processes[mh] OR Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters[mh] OR Myelin Basic Protein[mh] OR nervous system[mh] OR nervous system diseases[mh] OR nervous system physiological phenomena[mh] OR Neurogranin[mh] OR Oligodendroglia[mh] OR Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors[mh] OR Psychological Phenomena and Processes[mh] OR Receptors, thyroid hormone[mh] OR Receptors, thyrotropin[mh] OR Retinoid X Receptors[mh] OR thyroid diseases[mh] OR thyroid hormones[mh] OR Thyrotropinreleasing hormone[mh] OR Thyroxine-Binding Proteins[mh] OR Pregnane X Receptor[supplementary concept] OR thyroid-hormone-receptor interacting protein[supplementary concept] OR Constitutive androstane receptor[supplementary concept] OR Academic performance[tiab] OR auditory[tiab] OR cortical[tiab] OR delayed development[tiab] OR developmental impairment[tiab] OR developmentaldelay*[tiab] OR developmental-disorder*[tiab] OR euthyroid[tiab] OR gait[tiab] OR glia*[tiab] OR gliogenesis[tiab] OR hyperactiv*[tiab] OR impulse-control[tiab] OR iodide peroxidase[tiab] OR IQ[tiab] OR ischemi*[tiab] OR locomotor[tiab] OR mental deficiency[tiab] OR mental development[tiab] OR mental illness[tiab] OR mental-deficit[tiab] OR mobility[tiab] OR mood[tiab] OR morris-maze[tiab] OR morris-water[tiab] OR motor abilit*[tiab] OR Motor activities[tiab] OR motor performance[tiab] OR nerve[tiab] OR neural[tiab] OR Neurocognitive impairment[tiab] OR neurodegenerat*[tiab] OR neurodisease*[tiab] OR neurologic*[tiab] OR neuromuscular[tiab] OR neuron*[tiab] OR obsessive compulsive[tiab] OR OCD[tiab] OR olfaction[tiab] OR olfactory[tiab] OR open-field-test[tiab] OR passive avoidance[tiab] OR plasticity[tiab] OR senil*[tiab] OR sociab*[tiab] OR speech*[tiab] OR spelling[tiab] OR stereotypic-movement*[tiab] OR synap*[tiab] OR tauopath*[tiab] OR Thyroglobulin[tiab] OR Thyroid disease*[tiab] OR thyroid gland[tiab] OR thyroid hormone*[tiab] OR thyronine*[tiab] OR visual motor[tiab] OR Visuospatial processing[tiab] OR water maze[tiab]) OR ((active-avoidance[tiab] OR ADHD[tiab] OR alzheimer*[tiab] OR amygdala[tiab] OR antisocial[tiab] OR anxiety[tiab] OR anxious[tiab] OR asperger*[tiab] OR attention deficit[tiab] OR autism[tiab] OR autistic[tiab] OR behavioral[tiab] OR behaviors[tiab] OR behavioural[tiab] OR behaviours[tiab] OR bipolar[tiab] OR cerebellum[tiab] OR cognition[tiab] OR cognitive[tiab] OR communicationdisorder*[tiab] OR comprehension[tiab] OR cranial[tiab] OR dementia[tiab] OR dendrit*[tiab] OR dentate-gyrus[tiab] OR depression[tiab] OR dextrothyroxine[tiab] OR diiodothyronine*[tiab] OR diiodotyrosine[tiab] OR down syndrome[tiab] OR dyslexia[tiab] OR entorhinal cortex[tiab] OR epilep*[tiab] OR gangli*[tiab] OR goiter[tiab] OR graves-disease[tiab] OR hearing[tiab] OR hippocamp*[tiab] OR human development[tiab] OR hyperthyroid*[tiab] OR hypothalam*[tiab] OR hypothyroid*[tiab] OR impulsiv*[tiab] OR Intellectual disability[tiab] OR intelligence[tiab] OR language[tiab] OR learning[tiab] OR lewy bod*[tiab] OR long-term potentiation[tiab] OR long-term synaptic depression[tiab] OR memory[tiab] OR mental disorder*[tiab] OR mental recall[tiab] OR monoiodotyrosine[tiab] OR Motor activity[tiab] OR motor skill*[tiab] OR multiple sclerosis[tiab] OR myxedema[tiab] OR Nervous system[tiab] OR nervous-system[tiab] OR neurit*[tiab] OR optic[tiab] OR palsy[tiab] OR panic[tiab] OR parahippocamp*[tiab] OR paranoia[tiab] OR paranoid[tiab] OR parkinson*[tiab] OR perception[tiab] OR perforant*[tiab] OR personality[tiab] OR phobia[tiab] OR problem solving[tiab] OR proprioception[tiab] OR psychomotor[tiab] OR reflex[tiab] OR risk taking[tiab] OR schizophrenia[tiab] OR seizure*[tiab] OR sensation*[tiab] OR sleep[tiab] OR smell[tiab] OR spatial behavior[tiab] OR stroke[tiab] OR substantia-nigra[tiab] OR taste[tiab] OR thyroiditis[tiab] OR thyrotoxicosis[tiab] OR Thyrotropin[tiab] OR thyroxine[tiab] OR triiodothyronine[tiab] OR vision[tiab]) NOT medline[sb]))) OR "Fluorosis, Dental"[Mesh] OR "Tooth Diseases"[Mesh:NoExp] OR Fluoros*[tiab] OR "Dental diseas*"[tiab] OR "Mottled Enamel*"[tiab] OR "Skeletal diseas*"[tiab] OR "Tooth diseas*"[tiab] OR "Teeth diseas*"[tiab] OR "abnormalities"[Subheading] OR "adverse effects" [Subheading] OR "Chemically-Induced Disorders"[Mesh] OR "complications" [Subheading] OR "injuries" [Subheading] OR "Long Term Adverse Effects"[Mesh] OR "pathogenicity" [Subheading] OR "Toxicity Tests"[Mesh] OR "toxicity" [Subheading] OR "Toxicological Phenomena"[Mesh] OR ((adverse[tiab] OR chronic[tiab] OR fatal[tiab] OR harmful*[tiab] OR negative[tiab] OR serious[tiab] OR side[tiab] OR Subchronic[tiab] OR undesirable[tiab]) AND (effect*[tiab] OR event*[tiab] OR outcome*[tiab] OR reaction*[tiab])) OR Abnormal*[tiab] OR Anomal*[tiab] OR "Benchmark dose"[tiab] OR "Benchmark doses"[tiab] OR BMD[tiab] OR BMDL[tiab] OR Complication*[tiab] OR Deficien*[tiab] OR Deleterious[tiab] OR "Dose effect"[tiab] OR "Dose response"[tiab] OR Hazard*[tiab] OR injurious[tiab] OR Intox*[tiab] OR LOEL[tiab] OR LOAEL[tiab] OR "Lowest Observable Adverse effect level*"[tiab] OR "Lowest Observed Adverse effect level*"[tiab] OR Malformation*[tiab] OR NOAEL[tiab] OR NOAELs[tiab] OR NOEL[tiab] OR NOELs[tiab] OR "No Observable Adverse Effect Level*"[tiab] OR "No Observed Adverse Effect Level*"[tiab] OR "No Observed Effect Level*"[tiab] OR Pathogenic*[tiab] OR Patholog*[tiab] OR Physiopatholog*[tiab] OR Toxic*[tiab] OR Unhealth*[tiab] OR Unsafe[tiab] OR "Allergens"[Mesh] OR "Allergy and Immunology"[Mesh] OR "Asthma"[Mesh] OR "Hypersensitivity"[Mesh] OR "Immune System"[Mesh] OR "Immune System Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Immune System Phenomena"[Mesh] OR "Immunomodulation"[Mesh] OR "Immunologic Factors"[Mesh] OR allerg*[tiab] OR Antibod*[tiab] OR Antigen*[tiab] OR Asthma[tiab] OR Autoimmun*[tiab] OR "cell-mediated response"[tiab] OR Histamin*[tiab] OR Hypersensitiv*[tiab] OR "Humoral Response"[tiab] OR immun* [tiab] OR Leukocyt*[tiab] OR Lymphocyt*[tiab] OR sensitisation[tiab] OR sensitization[tiab] OR "T cell*"[tiab] OR "B cell*"[tiab] OR "Natural killer cell*"[tiab] OR Monocyt*[tiab] OR Neutrophil*[tiab] OR Dendritic cell*[tiab] OR Macrophage*[tiab] OR "Aneugens"[Mesh] OR "Aneuploidy"[Mesh] OR "Apoptosis"[Mesh] OR "Cell Cycle"[Mesh] OR "Cell Hypoxia"[Mesh] OR "Cell line"[Mesh] OR "Cell Proliferation"[Mesh] OR "Cell Survival"[Mesh] OR "Chromosome Aberrations"[Mesh] OR "Chromosomes"[Mesh] OR "Comet Assay"[Mesh] OR "Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic"[Mesh] OR "Cytotoxicity, Immunologic"[Mesh] OR "DNA Adducts"[Mesh] OR "DNA Damage"[Mesh] OR "DNA Fragmentation"[Mesh] OR "Free Radicals"[Mesh] OR "Genomic Instability"[Mesh] OR "Homeostasis"[Mesh] OR "Mutagenesis"[Mesh] OR "Mutagenicity Tests"[Mesh] OR "Mutagens" [Pharmacological Action] OR "Mutagens"[Mesh] OR "Mutation"[Mesh] OR "Oxidative Stress"[Mesh] OR "Reactive Oxygen Species"[Mesh] OR "Sister Chromatid Exchange"[Mesh] OR ((Cell[tiab] OR cells[tiab] OR cellular[tiab]) AND (hypoxi*[tiab] OR homeosta*[tiab] OR impairment*[tiab] OR necro*[tiab] OR toxicity[tiab] OR prolifer*[tiab] OR grow*[tiab] OR survival[tiab])) OR ((DNA[tiab] OR gene*[tiab]) AND (deletion[tiab] OR mutation[tiab] OR adducts[tiab] OR binding[tiab] OR break*[tiab] OR fragment*[tiab] OR damage*[tiab] OR impair*[tiab] OR inhibit*[tiab] OR lesion*[tiab] OR injur*[tiab] OR repair*[tiab])) OR "AMES assay"[tiab] OR "AMES test*"[tiab] OR Aneugen*[tiab] OR Aneuploid*[tiab] OR Antioxid*[tiab] OR Apopto* [tiab] OR Catalase[tiab] OR Chromatid*[tiab] OR Chromosom*[tiab] OR Cytogen*[tiab] OR cytotox*[tiab] OR Clastogen*[tiab] OR "COMET assay"[tiab] OR "COMET test*"[tiab] OR "Genetic material*"[tiab] OR Genotox*[tiab] OR "Genomic instability"[tiab] OR "glutathione peroxidase"[tiab] OR Heterozyg*[tiab] OR "Micronucleus assay"[tiab] OR "Micronucleus test*"[tiab] OR Mitogen*[tiab] OR Mutagen*[tiab] OR Mutation*[tiab] OR Necros*[tiab] OR Oxidat*[tiab] OR Peroxid*[tiab] OR Polymorph*[tiab] OR Radical[tiab] OR Radicals[tiab] OR "Reactive oxygen species"[tiab] OR ROS[tiab] OR "Superoxide-dismutase"[tiab] OR Transgen*[tiab] OR "Inflammation"[Mesh] OR "Inflammation Mediators"[Mesh] OR Angiotensin*[tiab] OR Chemokin*[tiab] OR Cytokin*[tiab] OR Inflam*[tiab] OR Kinin*[tiab] OR Neuroinflam*[tiab] OR Proinflam*[tiab] OR "Pro-inflam*"[tiab] OR Thromboinflam*[tiab] OR "Angiogenesis Inducing Agents" [Pharmacological Action] OR "Angiogenesis Inducing Agents"[Mesh] OR "Carcinogenesis"[Mesh] OR "Carcinogenicity Tests"[Mesh] OR "Carcinogens"[Mesh] OR "Myelodysplastic-Myeloproliferative Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Neoplasms"[Mesh] OR Adenoca*[tiab] OR Angiogen*[tiab] OR Cancer*[tiab] OR Carcino*[tiab] OR Cocarcino*[tiab] OR Fibroma*[tiab] OR Hyperplas*[tiab] OR Leukemia[tiab] OR Lymphom*[tiab] OR Melano*[tiab] OR Metasta*[tiab] OR Myeloma*[tiab] OR Neoplas*[tiab] OR Precancer*[tiab] OR Oncogen*[tiab] OR Oncolog*[tiab] OR Osteoma*[tiab] OR Sarcoma*[tiab] OR Tumor*[tiab] OR Tumour*[tiab] OR "Embryonic Development"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Development"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Neurodevelopmental disorders"[Mesh] OR "Embryonic and Fetal Development"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Abortion, Spontaneous"[Mesh] OR "Abortion, Threatened"[Mesh] OR "Abortion, Veterinary"[Mesh] OR "Animals, Newborn"[Mesh] OR "Breast Feeding"[Mesh] OR "Congenital Abnormalities"[Mesh] OR "Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities"[Mesh] OR "Embryo, Mammalian"[Mesh] OR "Embryonic Structures"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Estrous Cycle"[Mesh] OR "Fertility"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Growth Retardation"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Organ Maturity"[Mesh] OR "Fetus"[Mesh] OR "Genitalia"[Mesh] OR "Growth and Development"[Mesh] OR "Infant, Newborn"[Mesh] OR "Infertility"[Mesh] OR "Lactation"[Mesh] OR "Milk, Human"[Mesh] OR "Menstrual Cycle"[Mesh] OR "Organogenesis"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Pregnancy Complications"[Mesh] OR "Pregnancy"[Mesh] OR "Prenatal Injuries"[Mesh] OR "Reproduction"[Mesh] OR "Reproductive Physiological Phenomena"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Spermatocytes"[Mesh] OR "Teratogenesis"[Mesh] OR "Teratogens"[Mesh] OR abort*[tiab] OR Breast*[tiab] OR Cervic*[tiab] OR Cervix[tiab] OR embryo*[tiab] OR Estrous[tiab] OR Estrus[tiab] OR fertility[tiab] OR Fetal*[tiab] OR fetotoxic*[tiab] OR fetus[tiab] OR Foetotoxic*[tiab] OR foetus[tiab] OR Foetal*[tiab] OR follicle*[tiab] OR genital*[tiab] OR gestat*[tiab] OR "Human milk*"[tiab] OR Infant*[tiab] OR infertil*[tiab] OR Lactating[tiab] OR Lactation*[tiab] OR Menstrua*[tiab] OR "New-born*"[tiab] OR newborn*[tiab] OR Oestrous[tiab] OR Oestrus[tiab] OR Ovar*[tiab] OR Parturition[tiab] OR Placent*[tiab] OR "post-partum"[tiab] OR postpartum[tiab] OR pregnanc*[tiab] OR premature[tiab] OR prenatal[tiab] OR Reproduct*[tiab] OR sperm*[tiab] OR teratogen*[tiab] OR Testes[tiab] OR Testic*[tiab] OR Testis[tiab] OR Uterin*[tiab] OR Uterus[tiab] OR Uteruses[tiab] OR Vagin*[tiab])) NOT ("Animals"[Mesh] NOT "Humans"[Mesh])) NOT ((rat[ti] OR rats[ti] OR mouse[ti] OR mice[ti] OR swine[ti] OR porcine[ti] OR murine[ti] OR sheep[ti] OR lambs[ti] OR pigs[ti] OR piglets[ti] OR rabbit[ti] OR rabbits[ti] OR cat[ti] OR cats[ti] OR dog[ti] OR dogs[ti] OR cattle[ti] OR bovine[ti] OR monkey[ti] OR monkeys[ti] OR trout[ti] OR marmoset*[ti]) NOT medline[sb])) NOT Perfluor*[tiab]) AND (("2024/01/24"[Date - Publication] : "2026/02/03"[Date - Publication]))) AND (English[Language]).

Annex A to TOX/2026/12 - Fluoridation literature search proposal development

Key search 1C (with NTP chemical terms)

In this guide

This is a paper for discussion. This does not represent the views of the Committee and should not be cited.

96.             (((((("Fluorides"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Fluorides, Topical"[Mesh] OR "Sodium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "Calcium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "sulfuryl fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicic acid" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicate" [Supplementary Concept] OR "potassium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "ammonium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "boron trifluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR Fluoride[tiab] OR Fluorides[tiab] OR "16984-48-8"[tiab] OR 16984488[tiab] OR "Fluoride ion"[tiab] OR "Sulfuryl fluoride"[tiab] OR "sulfonyl fluoride"[tiab] OR Vikane[tiab] OR "Fluorosilicic acid"[tiab] OR hydrofluorosilicate[tiab] OR "Sodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "disodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "sodium fluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "Sodium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Potassium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Calcium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Ammonium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR "Diethyl ether-boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR (organopolysiloxanes[tiab] AND "fluorinated group*"[tiab]) OR ((Fluorides[mh:noexp] OR fluorides, topical[mh] OR sodium fluoride[mh] OR Fluorosis, Dental[mh] OR fluorosis[tiab] OR fluorid*[tiab] OR flurid*[tiab] OR fluorin*[tiab] OR florin*[tiab]) NOT (18F[tiab] OR f-18[tiab] OR 19F[tiab] OR f-19[tiab] OR f-labeled[tiab] OR "fluorine-18"[tiab] OR "fluorine-19"[tiab] OR pet-scan[tiab] OR radioligand*[tiab]))) AND ("Liver Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Liver"[Mesh] OR "Kidney Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Kidney"[Mesh] OR "Creatinine"[Mesh] OR "Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury"[Mesh] OR "Gastrointestinal Tract"[Mesh] OR "Urinary Bladder"[Mesh] OR "Urinary Tract"[Mesh] OR "Urologic Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Pancreas"[Mesh] OR "Spleen"[Mesh] OR Hepat*[tiab] OR liver*[tiab] OR hepatotox*[tiab] OR creatinine*[tiab] OR gamma-glutamyl*[tiab] OR transaminase*[tiab] OR aminotransferase*[tiab] OR kidney*[tiab] OR nephrotox*[tiab] OR renal[tiab] OR Bowel*[tiab] OR gastrointestinal*[tiab] OR Gut[tiab] OR Guts[tiab] OR Intestinal*[tiab] OR Urin*[tiab] OR Urogenital*[tiab] OR Pancrea*[tiab] OR Spleen[tiab] OR "Respiratory System"[Mesh] OR Alveol*[tiab] OR Bronch*[tiab] OR Laryn*[tiab] OR Lung*[tiab] OR Mucocil*[tiab] OR Nasal*[tiab] OR Naso*[tiab] OR Nose[tiab] OR Noses[tiab] OR Pharyn*[tiab] OR Pulmon*[tiab] OR "Respiratory system"[tiab] OR Rhino*[tiab] OR Trache*[tiab] OR "Attention"[Mesh] OR "Brain"[Mesh] OR "Brain/growth and development"[Mesh] OR "Cognition Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Cognition"[Mesh] OR "Dementia"[Mesh] OR "Intelligence Tests"[Mesh] OR "Intelligence"[Mesh] OR "Learning Disabilities"[Mesh] OR "Learning"[Mesh] OR "Memory and Learning Tests"[Mesh] OR "Memory Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Memory"[Mesh] OR "Nervous System Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Nervous System"[Mesh] OR "Neurobehavioral Manifestations"[Mesh] OR "Neurocognitive Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Neurodevelopmental disorders"[Mesh] OR "Neurotoxicity Syndromes"[Mesh] OR ((Attention[tiab] OR Behav*[tiab] OR Brain[tiab] OR Brains[tiab] OR cognit*[tiab] OR Coordination[tiab] OR develop*[tiab] OR neur*[tiab] OR nervous[tiab] OR mental[tiab]) AND (deficit*[tiab] OR diagnosis[tiab] OR diagnoses[tiab] OR disease*[tiab] OR disorder*[tiab] OR dysfunction*[tiab] OR impair*[tiab] OR manifestation*[tiab] OR problem*[tiab] OR retard*[tiab] OR syndrome*[tiab] OR patholog*[tiab])) OR (DNT[tiab] NOT dinitrotoluene[tiab]) OR "barnes maze"[tiab] OR "Biel Maze"[tiab] OR "Charcot-Marie-Tooth"[tiab] OR "Cincinnati Maze"[tiab] OR "Contextual Fear"[tiab] OR "developmental period*"[tiab] OR "Guillain-Barre syndrome"[tiab] OR "IQ-test*"[tiab] OR "Long term potentiation*"[tiab] OR "maze-test*"[tiab] OR "mental-recall*"[tiab] OR "Morris water maze"[tiab] OR "nerve-transmi*"[tiab] OR "Nervous system"[tiab] OR "Neuro-development*"[tiab] OR "Neuro-genes*"[tiab] OR "neuronal-transmi*"[tiab] OR "neuro-transm*"[tiab] OR "Novel Object recognition"[tiab] OR "passive avoidance"[tiab] OR "presynaptic-terminal*"[tiab] OR "radial arm maze"[tiab] OR "Rey Osterieth Complex Figure"[tiab] OR "rheumatoid arthritis"[tiab] OR "scholastic-achievement*"[tiab] OR "Sjogren's syndrome"[tiab] OR "spontaneous alternation"[tiab] OR "Synaptic circuit*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic dysfunction*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic impair*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic net"[tiab] OR "Synaptic nets"[tiab] OR "Synaptic network*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic plasticity"[tiab] OR "synaptic-neurotransmi*"[tiab] OR "synaptic-transmi*"[tiab] OR "trace fear"[tiab] OR Alzheimer*[tiab] OR Amnesia[tiab] OR behav*[tiab] OR Cerebell*[tiab] OR Cerebr*[tiab] OR Cortex[tiab] OR CVMT[tiab] OR Dementia[tiab] OR Hippocam*[tiab] OR intelligence[tiab] OR learn*[tiab] OR Locomot*[tiab] OR memory[tiab] OR Neocortex[tiab] OR Neuroanatom*[tiab] OR Neurobehav*[tiab] OR Neurocognit*[tiab] OR Neurodevelop*[tiab] OR Neurodevelopment*[tiab] OR Neurogenes*[tiab] OR Neuropath*[tiab] OR Neurotox*[tiab] OR neurotransmi*[tiab] OR "Fluorosis, Dental"[Mesh] OR "Tooth Diseases"[Mesh:NoExp] OR Fluoros*[tiab] OR "Dental diseas*"[tiab] OR "Mottled Enamel*"[tiab] OR "Skeletal diseas*"[tiab] OR "Tooth diseas*"[tiab] OR "Teeth diseas*"[tiab] OR "abnormalities"[Subheading] OR "adverse effects" [Subheading] OR "Chemically-Induced Disorders"[Mesh] OR "complications" [Subheading] OR "injuries" [Subheading] OR "Long Term Adverse Effects"[Mesh] OR "pathogenicity" [Subheading] OR "Toxicity Tests"[Mesh] OR "toxicity" [Subheading] OR "Toxicological Phenomena"[Mesh] OR ((adverse[tiab] OR chronic[tiab] OR fatal[tiab] OR harmful*[tiab] OR negative[tiab] OR serious[tiab] OR side[tiab] OR Subchronic[tiab] OR undesirable[tiab]) AND (effect*[tiab] OR event*[tiab] OR outcome*[tiab] OR reaction*[tiab])) OR Abnormal*[tiab] OR Anomal*[tiab] OR "Benchmark dose"[tiab] OR "Benchmark doses"[tiab] OR BMD[tiab] OR BMDL[tiab] OR Complication*[tiab] OR Deficien*[tiab] OR Deleterious[tiab] OR "Dose effect"[tiab] OR "Dose response"[tiab] OR Hazard*[tiab] OR injurious[tiab] OR Intox*[tiab] OR LOEL[tiab] OR LOAEL[tiab] OR "Lowest Observable Adverse effect level*"[tiab] OR "Lowest Observed Adverse effect level*"[tiab] OR Malformation*[tiab] OR NOAEL[tiab] OR NOAELs[tiab] OR NOEL[tiab] OR NOELs[tiab] OR "No Observable Adverse Effect Level*"[tiab] OR "No Observed Adverse Effect Level*"[tiab] OR "No Observed Effect Level*"[tiab] OR Pathogenic*[tiab] OR Patholog*[tiab] OR Physiopatholog*[tiab] OR Toxic*[tiab] OR Unhealth*[tiab] OR Unsafe[tiab] OR "Allergens"[Mesh] OR "Allergy and Immunology"[Mesh] OR "Asthma"[Mesh] OR "Hypersensitivity"[Mesh] OR "Immune System"[Mesh] OR "Immune System Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Immune System Phenomena"[Mesh] OR "Immunomodulation"[Mesh] OR "Immunologic Factors"[Mesh] OR allerg*[tiab] OR Antibod*[tiab] OR Antigen*[tiab] OR Asthma[tiab] OR Autoimmun*[tiab] OR "cell-mediated response"[tiab] OR Histamin*[tiab] OR Hypersensitiv*[tiab] OR "Humoral Response"[tiab] OR immun* [tiab] OR Leukocyt*[tiab] OR Lymphocyt*[tiab] OR sensitisation[tiab] OR sensitization[tiab] OR "T cell*"[tiab] OR "B cell*"[tiab] OR "Natural killer cell*"[tiab] OR Monocyt*[tiab] OR Neutrophil*[tiab] OR Dendritic cell*[tiab] OR Macrophage*[tiab] OR "Aneugens"[Mesh] OR "Aneuploidy"[Mesh] OR "Apoptosis"[Mesh] OR "Cell Cycle"[Mesh] OR "Cell Hypoxia"[Mesh] OR "Cell line"[Mesh] OR "Cell Proliferation"[Mesh] OR "Cell Survival"[Mesh] OR "Chromosome Aberrations"[Mesh] OR "Chromosomes"[Mesh] OR "Comet Assay"[Mesh] OR "Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic"[Mesh] OR "Cytotoxicity, Immunologic"[Mesh] OR "DNA Adducts"[Mesh] OR "DNA Damage"[Mesh] OR "DNA Fragmentation"[Mesh] OR "Free Radicals"[Mesh] OR "Genomic Instability"[Mesh] OR "Homeostasis"[Mesh] OR "Mutagenesis"[Mesh] OR "Mutagenicity Tests"[Mesh] OR "Mutagens" [Pharmacological Action] OR "Mutagens"[Mesh] OR "Mutation"[Mesh] OR "Oxidative Stress"[Mesh] OR "Reactive Oxygen Species"[Mesh] OR "Sister Chromatid Exchange"[Mesh] OR ((Cell[tiab] OR cells[tiab] OR cellular[tiab]) AND (hypoxi*[tiab] OR homeosta*[tiab] OR impairment*[tiab] OR necro*[tiab] OR toxicity[tiab] OR prolifer*[tiab] OR grow*[tiab] OR survival[tiab])) OR ((DNA[tiab] OR gene*[tiab]) AND (deletion[tiab] OR mutation[tiab] OR adducts[tiab] OR binding[tiab] OR break*[tiab] OR fragment*[tiab] OR damage*[tiab] OR impair*[tiab] OR inhibit*[tiab] OR lesion*[tiab] OR injur*[tiab] OR repair*[tiab])) OR "AMES assay"[tiab] OR "AMES test*"[tiab] OR Aneugen*[tiab] OR Aneuploid*[tiab] OR Antioxid*[tiab] OR Apopto* [tiab] OR Catalase[tiab] OR Chromatid*[tiab] OR Chromosom*[tiab] OR Cytogen*[tiab] OR cytotox*[tiab] OR Clastogen*[tiab] OR "COMET assay"[tiab] OR "COMET test*"[tiab] OR "Genetic material*"[tiab] OR Genotox*[tiab] OR "Genomic instability"[tiab] OR "glutathione peroxidase"[tiab] OR Heterozyg*[tiab] OR "Micronucleus assay"[tiab] OR "Micronucleus test*"[tiab] OR Mitogen*[tiab] OR Mutagen*[tiab] OR Mutation*[tiab] OR Necros*[tiab] OR Oxidat*[tiab] OR Peroxid*[tiab] OR Polymorph*[tiab] OR Radical[tiab] OR Radicals[tiab] OR "Reactive oxygen species"[tiab] OR ROS[tiab] OR "Superoxide-dismutase"[tiab] OR Transgen*[tiab] OR "Inflammation"[Mesh] OR "Inflammation Mediators"[Mesh] OR Angiotensin*[tiab] OR Chemokin*[tiab] OR Cytokin*[tiab] OR Inflam*[tiab] OR Kinin*[tiab] OR Neuroinflam*[tiab] OR Proinflam*[tiab] OR "Pro-inflam*"[tiab] OR Thromboinflam*[tiab] OR "Angiogenesis Inducing Agents" [Pharmacological Action] OR "Angiogenesis Inducing Agents"[Mesh] OR "Carcinogenesis"[Mesh] OR "Carcinogenicity Tests"[Mesh] OR "Carcinogens"[Mesh] OR "Myelodysplastic-Myeloproliferative Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Neoplasms"[Mesh] OR Adenoca*[tiab] OR Angiogen*[tiab] OR Cancer*[tiab] OR Carcino*[tiab] OR Cocarcino*[tiab] OR Fibroma*[tiab] OR Hyperplas*[tiab] OR Leukemia[tiab] OR Lymphom*[tiab] OR Melano*[tiab] OR Metasta*[tiab] OR Myeloma*[tiab] OR Neoplas*[tiab] OR Precancer*[tiab] OR Oncogen*[tiab] OR Oncolog*[tiab] OR Osteoma*[tiab] OR Sarcoma*[tiab] OR Tumor*[tiab] OR Tumour*[tiab] OR "Embryonic Development"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Development"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Neurodevelopmental disorders"[Mesh] OR "Embryonic and Fetal Development"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Abortion, Spontaneous"[Mesh] OR "Abortion, Threatened"[Mesh] OR "Abortion, Veterinary"[Mesh] OR "Animals, Newborn"[Mesh] OR "Breast Feeding"[Mesh] OR "Congenital Abnormalities"[Mesh] OR "Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities"[Mesh] OR "Embryo, Mammalian"[Mesh] OR "Embryonic Structures"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Estrous Cycle"[Mesh] OR "Fertility"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Growth Retardation"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Organ Maturity"[Mesh] OR "Fetus"[Mesh] OR "Genitalia"[Mesh] OR "Growth and Development"[Mesh] OR "Infant, Newborn"[Mesh] OR "Infertility"[Mesh] OR "Lactation"[Mesh] OR "Milk, Human"[Mesh] OR "Menstrual Cycle"[Mesh] OR "Organogenesis"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Pregnancy Complications"[Mesh] OR "Pregnancy"[Mesh] OR "Prenatal Injuries"[Mesh] OR "Reproduction"[Mesh] OR "Reproductive Physiological Phenomena"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Spermatocytes"[Mesh] OR "Teratogenesis"[Mesh] OR "Teratogens"[Mesh] OR abort*[tiab] OR Breast*[tiab] OR Cervic*[tiab] OR Cervix[tiab] OR embryo*[tiab] OR Estrous[tiab] OR Estrus[tiab] OR fertility[tiab] OR Fetal*[tiab] OR fetotoxic*[tiab] OR fetus[tiab] OR Foetotoxic*[tiab] OR foetus[tiab] OR Foetal*[tiab] OR follicle*[tiab] OR genital*[tiab] OR gestat*[tiab] OR "Human milk*"[tiab] OR Infant*[tiab] OR infertil*[tiab] OR Lactating[tiab] OR Lactation*[tiab] OR Menstrua*[tiab] OR "New-born*"[tiab] OR newborn*[tiab] OR Oestrous[tiab] OR Oestrus[tiab] OR Ovar*[tiab] OR Parturition[tiab] OR Placent*[tiab] OR "post-partum"[tiab] OR postpartum[tiab] OR pregnanc*[tiab] OR premature[tiab] OR prenatal[tiab] OR Reproduct*[tiab] OR sperm*[tiab] OR teratogen*[tiab] OR Testes[tiab] OR Testic*[tiab] OR Testis[tiab] OR Uterin*[tiab] OR Uterus[tiab] OR Uteruses[tiab] OR Vagin*[tiab])) NOT ("Animals"[Mesh] NOT "Humans"[Mesh])) NOT ((rat[ti] OR rats[ti] OR mouse[ti] OR mice[ti] OR swine[ti] OR porcine[ti] OR murine[ti] OR sheep[ti] OR lambs[ti] OR pigs[ti] OR piglets[ti] OR rabbit[ti] OR rabbits[ti] OR cat[ti] OR cats[ti] OR dog[ti] OR dogs[ti] OR cattle[ti] OR bovine[ti] OR monkey[ti] OR monkeys[ti] OR trout[ti] OR marmoset*[ti]) NOT medline[sb])) NOT Perfluor*[tiab]) AND (("2024/01/24"[Date - Publication] : "2026/02/03"[Date - Publication]))) AND (English[Language]).

Annex A to TOX/2026/12 - Fluoridation literature search proposal development

Key search 1D (with TRACE chemical terms)

In this guide

This is a paper for discussion. This does not represent the views of the Committee and should not be cited.

97.             (((((("Fluorides"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Fluorides, Topical"[Mesh] OR "Sodium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "Calcium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "sulfuryl fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicic acid" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicate" [Supplementary Concept] OR "potassium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "ammonium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "boron trifluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR Fluoride[tiab] OR Fluorides[tiab] OR "16984-48-8"[tiab] OR 16984488[tiab] OR "Fluoride ion"[tiab] OR "Sulfuryl fluoride"[tiab] OR "sulfonyl fluoride"[tiab] OR Vikane[tiab] OR "Fluorosilicic acid"[tiab] OR hydrofluorosilicate[tiab] OR "Sodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "disodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "sodium fluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "Sodium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Potassium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Calcium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Ammonium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR "Diethyl ether-boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR (organopolysiloxanes[tiab] AND "fluorinated group*"[tiab]) OR “7681-49-4”[tiab] OR “7789-23-3”[tiab] OR “7789-75-5”[tiab] OR “12125-01-8”[tiab] OR “magnesium fluoride”[tiab] OR “7783-40-6”[tiab] OR “16961-83-4”[tiab] OR “ammonium monofluorophosphate”[tiab]  OR “20859-38-5”[tiab] OR “sodium monofluorophosphate”[tiab] OR “7631-97-2”[tiab] OR “10163-15-2”[tiab] OR “potassium monofluorophosphate”[tiab] OR “14104-28-0”[tiab] OR “calcium monofluorophosphate”[tiab] OR “7789-74-4”[tiab] OR “Magnesium monofluorophosphate”[tiab] OR “16893-85-9”[tiab]OR “potassium fluorosilicate”[tiab] OR “16871-90-2”[tiab] OR “ammonium fluorosilicate”[tiab] OR “16919-19-0”[tiab] OR “magnesium fluorosilicate”[tiab] OR “16949-65-8”[tiab] OR “calcium fluorosilicate”[tiab] OR “16925-39-6”[tiab]) AND ("Liver Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Liver"[Mesh] OR "Kidney Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Kidney"[Mesh] OR "Creatinine"[Mesh] OR "Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury"[Mesh] OR "Gastrointestinal Tract"[Mesh] OR "Urinary Bladder"[Mesh] OR "Urinary Tract"[Mesh] OR "Urologic Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Pancreas"[Mesh] OR "Spleen"[Mesh] OR Hepat*[tiab] OR liver*[tiab] OR hepatotox*[tiab] OR creatinine*[tiab] OR gamma-glutamyl*[tiab] OR transaminase*[tiab] OR aminotransferase*[tiab] OR kidney*[tiab] OR nephrotox*[tiab] OR renal[tiab] OR Bowel*[tiab] OR gastrointestinal*[tiab] OR Gut[tiab] OR Guts[tiab] OR Intestinal*[tiab] OR Urin*[tiab] OR Urogenital*[tiab] OR Pancrea*[tiab] OR Spleen[tiab] OR "Respiratory System"[Mesh] OR Alveol*[tiab] OR Bronch*[tiab] OR Laryn*[tiab] OR Lung*[tiab] OR Mucocil*[tiab] OR Nasal*[tiab] OR Naso*[tiab] OR Nose[tiab] OR Noses[tiab] OR Pharyn*[tiab] OR Pulmon*[tiab] OR "Respiratory system"[tiab] OR Rhino*[tiab] OR Trache*[tiab] OR "Attention"[Mesh] OR "Brain"[Mesh] OR "Brain/growth and development"[Mesh] OR "Cognition Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Cognition"[Mesh] OR "Dementia"[Mesh] OR "Intelligence Tests"[Mesh] OR "Intelligence"[Mesh] OR "Learning Disabilities"[Mesh] OR "Learning"[Mesh] OR "Memory and Learning Tests"[Mesh] OR "Memory Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Memory"[Mesh] OR "Nervous System Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Nervous System"[Mesh] OR "Neurobehavioral Manifestations"[Mesh] OR "Neurocognitive Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Neurodevelopmental disorders"[Mesh] OR "Neurotoxicity Syndromes"[Mesh] OR ((Attention[tiab] OR Behav*[tiab] OR Brain[tiab] OR Brains[tiab] OR cognit*[tiab] OR Coordination[tiab] OR develop*[tiab] OR neur*[tiab] OR nervous[tiab] OR mental[tiab]) AND (deficit*[tiab] OR diagnosis[tiab] OR diagnoses[tiab] OR disease*[tiab] OR disorder*[tiab] OR dysfunction*[tiab] OR impair*[tiab] OR manifestation*[tiab] OR problem*[tiab] OR retard*[tiab] OR syndrome*[tiab] OR patholog*[tiab])) OR (DNT[tiab] NOT dinitrotoluene[tiab]) OR "barnes maze"[tiab] OR "Biel Maze"[tiab] OR "Charcot-Marie-Tooth"[tiab] OR "Cincinnati Maze"[tiab] OR "Contextual Fear"[tiab] OR "developmental period*"[tiab] OR "Guillain-Barre syndrome"[tiab] OR "IQ-test*"[tiab] OR "Long term potentiation*"[tiab] OR "maze-test*"[tiab] OR "mental-recall*"[tiab] OR "Morris water maze"[tiab] OR "nerve-transmi*"[tiab] OR "Nervous system"[tiab] OR "Neuro-development*"[tiab] OR "Neuro-genes*"[tiab] OR "neuronal-transmi*"[tiab] OR "neuro-transm*"[tiab] OR "Novel Object recognition"[tiab] OR "passive avoidance"[tiab] OR "presynaptic-terminal*"[tiab] OR "radial arm maze"[tiab] OR "Rey Osterieth Complex Figure"[tiab] OR "rheumatoid arthritis"[tiab] OR "scholastic-achievement*"[tiab] OR "Sjogren's syndrome"[tiab] OR "spontaneous alternation"[tiab] OR "Synaptic circuit*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic dysfunction*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic impair*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic net"[tiab] OR "Synaptic nets"[tiab] OR "Synaptic network*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic plasticity"[tiab] OR "synaptic-neurotransmi*"[tiab] OR "synaptic-transmi*"[tiab] OR "trace fear"[tiab] OR Alzheimer*[tiab] OR Amnesia[tiab] OR behav*[tiab] OR Cerebell*[tiab] OR Cerebr*[tiab] OR Cortex[tiab] OR CVMT[tiab] OR Dementia[tiab] OR Hippocam*[tiab] OR intelligence[tiab] OR learn*[tiab] OR Locomot*[tiab] OR memory[tiab] OR Neocortex[tiab] OR Neuroanatom*[tiab] OR Neurobehav*[tiab] OR Neurocognit*[tiab] OR Neurodevelop*[tiab] OR Neurodevelopment*[tiab] OR Neurogenes*[tiab] OR Neuropath*[tiab] OR Neurotox*[tiab] OR neurotransmi*[tiab] OR "Fluorosis, Dental"[Mesh] OR "Tooth Diseases"[Mesh:NoExp] OR Fluoros*[tiab] OR "Dental diseas*"[tiab] OR "Mottled Enamel*"[tiab] OR "Skeletal diseas*"[tiab] OR "Tooth diseas*"[tiab] OR "Teeth diseas*"[tiab] OR "abnormalities"[Subheading] OR "adverse effects" [Subheading] OR "Chemically-Induced Disorders"[Mesh] OR "complications" [Subheading] OR "injuries" [Subheading] OR "Long Term Adverse Effects"[Mesh] OR "pathogenicity" [Subheading] OR "Toxicity Tests"[Mesh] OR "toxicity" [Subheading] OR "Toxicological Phenomena"[Mesh] OR ((adverse[tiab] OR chronic[tiab] OR fatal[tiab] OR harmful*[tiab] OR negative[tiab] OR serious[tiab] OR side[tiab] OR Subchronic[tiab] OR undesirable[tiab]) AND (effect*[tiab] OR event*[tiab] OR outcome*[tiab] OR reaction*[tiab])) OR Abnormal*[tiab] OR Anomal*[tiab] OR "Benchmark dose"[tiab] OR "Benchmark doses"[tiab] OR BMD[tiab] OR BMDL[tiab] OR Complication*[tiab] OR Deficien*[tiab] OR Deleterious[tiab] OR "Dose effect"[tiab] OR "Dose response"[tiab] OR Hazard*[tiab] OR injurious[tiab] OR Intox*[tiab] OR LOEL[tiab] OR LOAEL[tiab] OR "Lowest Observable Adverse effect level*"[tiab] OR "Lowest Observed Adverse effect level*"[tiab] OR Malformation*[tiab] OR NOAEL[tiab] OR NOAELs[tiab] OR NOEL[tiab] OR NOELs[tiab] OR "No Observable Adverse Effect Level*"[tiab] OR "No Observed Adverse Effect Level*"[tiab] OR "No Observed Effect Level*"[tiab] OR Pathogenic*[tiab] OR Patholog*[tiab] OR Physiopatholog*[tiab] OR Toxic*[tiab] OR Unhealth*[tiab] OR Unsafe[tiab] OR "Allergens"[Mesh] OR "Allergy and Immunology"[Mesh] OR "Asthma"[Mesh] OR "Hypersensitivity"[Mesh] OR "Immune System"[Mesh] OR "Immune System Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Immune System Phenomena"[Mesh] OR "Immunomodulation"[Mesh] OR "Immunologic Factors"[Mesh] OR allerg*[tiab] OR Antibod*[tiab] OR Antigen*[tiab] OR Asthma[tiab] OR Autoimmun*[tiab] OR "cell-mediated response"[tiab] OR Histamin*[tiab] OR Hypersensitiv*[tiab] OR "Humoral Response"[tiab] OR immun* [tiab] OR Leukocyt*[tiab] OR Lymphocyt*[tiab] OR sensitisation[tiab] OR sensitization[tiab] OR "T cell*"[tiab] OR "B cell*"[tiab] OR "Natural killer cell*"[tiab] OR Monocyt*[tiab] OR Neutrophil*[tiab] OR Dendritic cell*[tiab] OR Macrophage*[tiab] OR "Aneugens"[Mesh] OR "Aneuploidy"[Mesh] OR "Apoptosis"[Mesh] OR "Cell Cycle"[Mesh] OR "Cell Hypoxia"[Mesh] OR "Cell line"[Mesh] OR "Cell Proliferation"[Mesh] OR "Cell Survival"[Mesh] OR "Chromosome Aberrations"[Mesh] OR "Chromosomes"[Mesh] OR "Comet Assay"[Mesh] OR "Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic"[Mesh] OR "Cytotoxicity, Immunologic"[Mesh] OR "DNA Adducts"[Mesh] OR "DNA Damage"[Mesh] OR "DNA Fragmentation"[Mesh] OR "Free Radicals"[Mesh] OR "Genomic Instability"[Mesh] OR "Homeostasis"[Mesh] OR "Mutagenesis"[Mesh] OR "Mutagenicity Tests"[Mesh] OR "Mutagens" [Pharmacological Action] OR "Mutagens"[Mesh] OR "Mutation"[Mesh] OR "Oxidative Stress"[Mesh] OR "Reactive Oxygen Species"[Mesh] OR "Sister Chromatid Exchange"[Mesh] OR ((Cell[tiab] OR cells[tiab] OR cellular[tiab]) AND (hypoxi*[tiab] OR homeosta*[tiab] OR impairment*[tiab] OR necro*[tiab] OR toxicity[tiab] OR prolifer*[tiab] OR grow*[tiab] OR survival[tiab])) OR ((DNA[tiab] OR gene*[tiab]) AND (deletion[tiab] OR mutation[tiab] OR adducts[tiab] OR binding[tiab] OR break*[tiab] OR fragment*[tiab] OR damage*[tiab] OR impair*[tiab] OR inhibit*[tiab] OR lesion*[tiab] OR injur*[tiab] OR repair*[tiab])) OR "AMES assay"[tiab] OR "AMES test*"[tiab] OR Aneugen*[tiab] OR Aneuploid*[tiab] OR Antioxid*[tiab] OR Apopto* [tiab] OR Catalase[tiab] OR Chromatid*[tiab] OR Chromosom*[tiab] OR Cytogen*[tiab] OR cytotox*[tiab] OR Clastogen*[tiab] OR "COMET assay"[tiab] OR "COMET test*"[tiab] OR "Genetic material*"[tiab] OR Genotox*[tiab] OR "Genomic instability"[tiab] OR "glutathione peroxidase"[tiab] OR Heterozyg*[tiab] OR "Micronucleus assay"[tiab] OR "Micronucleus test*"[tiab] OR Mitogen*[tiab] OR Mutagen*[tiab] OR Mutation*[tiab] OR Necros*[tiab] OR Oxidat*[tiab] OR Peroxid*[tiab] OR Polymorph*[tiab] OR Radical[tiab] OR Radicals[tiab] OR "Reactive oxygen species"[tiab] OR ROS[tiab] OR "Superoxide-dismutase"[tiab] OR Transgen*[tiab] OR "Inflammation"[Mesh] OR "Inflammation Mediators"[Mesh] OR Angiotensin*[tiab] OR Chemokin*[tiab] OR Cytokin*[tiab] OR Inflam*[tiab] OR Kinin*[tiab] OR Neuroinflam*[tiab] OR Proinflam*[tiab] OR "Pro-inflam*"[tiab] OR Thromboinflam*[tiab] OR "Angiogenesis Inducing Agents" [Pharmacological Action] OR "Angiogenesis Inducing Agents"[Mesh] OR "Carcinogenesis"[Mesh] OR "Carcinogenicity Tests"[Mesh] OR "Carcinogens"[Mesh] OR "Myelodysplastic-Myeloproliferative Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Neoplasms"[Mesh] OR Adenoca*[tiab] OR Angiogen*[tiab] OR Cancer*[tiab] OR Carcino*[tiab] OR Cocarcino*[tiab] OR Fibroma*[tiab] OR Hyperplas*[tiab] OR Leukemia[tiab] OR Lymphom*[tiab] OR Melano*[tiab] OR Metasta*[tiab] OR Myeloma*[tiab] OR Neoplas*[tiab] OR Precancer*[tiab] OR Oncogen*[tiab] OR Oncolog*[tiab] OR Osteoma*[tiab] OR Sarcoma*[tiab] OR Tumor*[tiab] OR Tumour*[tiab] OR "Embryonic Development"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Development"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Neurodevelopmental disorders"[Mesh] OR "Embryonic and Fetal Development"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Abortion, Spontaneous"[Mesh] OR "Abortion, Threatened"[Mesh] OR "Abortion, Veterinary"[Mesh] OR "Animals, Newborn"[Mesh] OR "Breast Feeding"[Mesh] OR "Congenital Abnormalities"[Mesh] OR "Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities"[Mesh] OR "Embryo, Mammalian"[Mesh] OR "Embryonic Structures"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Estrous Cycle"[Mesh] OR "Fertility"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Growth Retardation"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Organ Maturity"[Mesh] OR "Fetus"[Mesh] OR "Genitalia"[Mesh] OR "Growth and Development"[Mesh] OR "Infant, Newborn"[Mesh] OR "Infertility"[Mesh] OR "Lactation"[Mesh] OR "Milk, Human"[Mesh] OR "Menstrual Cycle"[Mesh] OR "Organogenesis"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Pregnancy Complications"[Mesh] OR "Pregnancy"[Mesh] OR "Prenatal Injuries"[Mesh] OR "Reproduction"[Mesh] OR "Reproductive Physiological Phenomena"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Spermatocytes"[Mesh] OR "Teratogenesis"[Mesh] OR "Teratogens"[Mesh] OR abort*[tiab] OR Breast*[tiab] OR Cervic*[tiab] OR Cervix[tiab] OR embryo*[tiab] OR Estrous[tiab] OR Estrus[tiab] OR fertility[tiab] OR Fetal*[tiab] OR fetotoxic*[tiab] OR fetus[tiab] OR Foetotoxic*[tiab] OR foetus[tiab] OR Foetal*[tiab] OR follicle*[tiab] OR genital*[tiab] OR gestat*[tiab] OR "Human milk*"[tiab] OR Infant*[tiab] OR infertil*[tiab] OR Lactating[tiab] OR Lactation*[tiab] OR Menstrua*[tiab] OR "New-born*"[tiab] OR newborn*[tiab] OR Oestrous[tiab] OR Oestrus[tiab] OR Ovar*[tiab] OR Parturition[tiab] OR Placent*[tiab] OR "post-partum"[tiab] OR postpartum[tiab] OR pregnanc*[tiab] OR premature[tiab] OR prenatal[tiab] OR Reproduct*[tiab] OR sperm*[tiab] OR teratogen*[tiab] OR Testes[tiab] OR Testic*[tiab] OR Testis[tiab] OR Uterin*[tiab] OR Uterus[tiab] OR Uteruses[tiab] OR Vagin*[tiab])) NOT ("Animals"[Mesh] NOT "Humans"[Mesh])) NOT ((rat[ti] OR rats[ti] OR mouse[ti] OR mice[ti] OR swine[ti] OR porcine[ti] OR murine[ti] OR sheep[ti] OR lambs[ti] OR pigs[ti] OR piglets[ti] OR rabbit[ti] OR rabbits[ti] OR cat[ti] OR cats[ti] OR dog[ti] OR dogs[ti] OR cattle[ti] OR bovine[ti] OR monkey[ti] OR monkeys[ti] OR trout[ti] OR marmoset*[ti]) NOT medline[sb])) NOT Perfluor*[tiab]) AND (("2024/01/24"[Date - Publication] : "2026/02/03"[Date - Publication]))) AND (English[Language]).

Annex A to TOX/2026/12 - Fluoridation literature search proposal development

Key search 1E (retrospective, with NTP neurotoxicity terms)

In this guide

This is a paper for discussion. This does not represent the views of the Committee and should not be cited.

98.             (((((("Fluorides"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Fluorides, Topical"[Mesh] OR "Sodium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "Calcium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "sulfuryl fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicic acid" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicate" [Supplementary Concept] OR "potassium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "ammonium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "boron trifluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR Fluoride[tiab] OR Fluorides[tiab] OR "16984-48-8"[tiab] OR 16984488[tiab] OR "Fluoride ion"[tiab] OR "Sulfuryl fluoride"[tiab] OR "sulfonyl fluoride"[tiab] OR Vikane[tiab] OR "Fluorosilicic acid"[tiab] OR hydrofluorosilicate[tiab] OR "Sodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "disodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "sodium fluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "Sodium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Potassium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Calcium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Ammonium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR "Diethyl ether-boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR (organopolysiloxanes[tiab] AND "fluorinated group*"[tiab])) AND ((((Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases[mh] OR Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator[mh] OR Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms[mh] OR Gene Expression Regulation[mh] OR Glucuronosyltransferase[mh] OR Intelligence tests[mh] OR Malate Dehydrogenase[mh] OR Mediator Complex Subunit 1[mh] OR Mental disorders[mh] OR Mental processes[mh] OR Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters[mh] OR Myelin Basic Protein[mh] OR nervous system[mh] OR nervous system diseases[mh] OR nervous system physiological phenomena[mh] OR Neurogranin[mh] OR Oligodendroglia[mh] OR Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors[mh] OR Psychological Phenomena and Processes[mh] OR Receptors, thyroid hormone[mh] OR Receptors, thyrotropin[mh] OR Retinoid X Receptors[mh] OR thyroid diseases[mh] OR thyroid hormones[mh] OR Thyrotropinreleasing hormone[mh] OR Thyroxine-Binding Proteins[mh] OR Pregnane X Receptor[supplementary concept] OR thyroid-hormone-receptor interacting protein[supplementary concept] OR Constitutive androstane receptor[supplementary concept] OR Academic performance[tiab] OR auditory[tiab] OR cortical[tiab] OR delayed development[tiab] OR developmental impairment[tiab] OR developmentaldelay*[tiab] OR developmental-disorder*[tiab] OR euthyroid[tiab] OR gait[tiab] OR glia*[tiab] OR gliogenesis[tiab] OR hyperactiv*[tiab] OR impulse-control[tiab] OR iodide peroxidase[tiab] OR IQ[tiab] OR ischemi*[tiab] OR locomotor[tiab] OR mental deficiency[tiab] OR mental development[tiab] OR mental illness[tiab] OR mental-deficit[tiab] OR mobility[tiab] OR mood[tiab] OR morris-maze[tiab] OR morris-water[tiab] OR motor abilit*[tiab] OR Motor activities[tiab] OR motor performance[tiab] OR nerve[tiab] OR neural[tiab] OR Neurocognitive impairment[tiab] OR neurodegenerat*[tiab] OR neurodisease*[tiab] OR neurologic*[tiab] OR neuromuscular[tiab] OR neuron*[tiab] OR obsessive compulsive[tiab] OR OCD[tiab] OR olfaction[tiab] OR olfactory[tiab] OR open-field-test[tiab] OR passive avoidance[tiab] OR plasticity[tiab] OR senil*[tiab] OR sociab*[tiab] OR speech*[tiab] OR spelling[tiab] OR stereotypic-movement*[tiab] OR synap*[tiab] OR tauopath*[tiab] OR Thyroglobulin[tiab] OR Thyroid disease*[tiab] OR thyroid gland[tiab] OR thyroid hormone*[tiab] OR thyronine*[tiab] OR visual motor[tiab] OR Visuospatial processing[tiab] OR water maze[tiab]) OR ((active-avoidance[tiab] OR ADHD[tiab] OR alzheimer*[tiab] OR amygdala[tiab] OR antisocial[tiab] OR anxiety[tiab] OR anxious[tiab] OR asperger*[tiab] OR attention deficit[tiab] OR autism[tiab] OR autistic[tiab] OR behavioral[tiab] OR behaviors[tiab] OR behavioural[tiab] OR behaviours[tiab] OR bipolar[tiab] OR cerebellum[tiab] OR cognition[tiab] OR cognitive[tiab] OR communicationdisorder*[tiab] OR comprehension[tiab] OR cranial[tiab] OR dementia[tiab] OR dendrit*[tiab] OR dentate-gyrus[tiab] OR depression[tiab] OR dextrothyroxine[tiab] OR diiodothyronine*[tiab] OR diiodotyrosine[tiab] OR down syndrome[tiab] OR dyslexia[tiab] OR entorhinal cortex[tiab] OR epilep*[tiab] OR gangli*[tiab] OR goiter[tiab] OR graves-disease[tiab] OR hearing[tiab] OR hippocamp*[tiab] OR human development[tiab] OR hyperthyroid*[tiab] OR hypothalam*[tiab] OR hypothyroid*[tiab] OR impulsiv*[tiab] OR Intellectual disability[tiab] OR intelligence[tiab] OR language[tiab] OR learning[tiab] OR lewy bod*[tiab] OR long-term potentiation[tiab] OR long-term synaptic depression[tiab] OR memory[tiab] OR mental disorder*[tiab] OR mental recall[tiab] OR monoiodotyrosine[tiab] OR Motor activity[tiab] OR motor skill*[tiab] OR multiple sclerosis[tiab] OR myxedema[tiab] OR Nervous system[tiab] OR nervous-system[tiab] OR neurit*[tiab] OR optic[tiab] OR palsy[tiab] OR panic[tiab] OR parahippocamp*[tiab] OR paranoia[tiab] OR paranoid[tiab] OR parkinson*[tiab] OR perception[tiab] OR perforant*[tiab] OR personality[tiab] OR phobia[tiab] OR problem solving[tiab] OR proprioception[tiab] OR psychomotor[tiab] OR reflex[tiab] OR risk taking[tiab] OR schizophrenia[tiab] OR seizure*[tiab] OR sensation*[tiab] OR sleep[tiab] OR smell[tiab] OR spatial behavior[tiab] OR stroke[tiab] OR substantia-nigra[tiab] OR taste[tiab] OR thyroiditis[tiab] OR thyrotoxicosis[tiab] OR Thyrotropin[tiab] OR thyroxine[tiab] OR triiodothyronine[tiab] OR vision[tiab]) NOT medline[sb]))) NOT ("Attention"[Mesh] OR "Brain"[Mesh] OR "Brain/growth and development"[Mesh] OR "Cognition Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Cognition"[Mesh] OR "Dementia"[Mesh] OR "Intelligence Tests"[Mesh] OR "Intelligence"[Mesh] OR "Learning Disabilities"[Mesh] OR "Learning"[Mesh] OR "Memory and Learning Tests"[Mesh] OR "Memory Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Memory"[Mesh] OR "Nervous System Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Nervous System"[Mesh] OR "Neurobehavioral Manifestations"[Mesh] OR "Neurocognitive Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Neurodevelopmental disorders"[Mesh] OR "Neurotoxicity Syndromes"[Mesh] OR ((Attention[tiab] OR Behav*[tiab] OR Brain[tiab] OR Brains[tiab] OR cognit*[tiab] OR Coordination[tiab] OR develop*[tiab] OR neur*[tiab] OR nervous[tiab] OR mental[tiab]) AND (deficit*[tiab] OR diagnosis[tiab] OR diagnoses[tiab] OR disease*[tiab] OR disorder*[tiab] OR dysfunction*[tiab] OR impair*[tiab] OR manifestation*[tiab] OR problem*[tiab] OR retard*[tiab] OR syndrome*[tiab] OR patholog*[tiab])) OR (DNT[tiab] NOT dinitrotoluene[tiab]) OR "barnes maze"[tiab] OR "Biel Maze"[tiab] OR "Charcot-Marie-Tooth"[tiab] OR "Cincinnati Maze"[tiab] OR "Contextual Fear"[tiab] OR "developmental period*"[tiab] OR "Guillain-Barre syndrome"[tiab] OR "IQ-test*"[tiab] OR "Long term potentiation*"[tiab] OR "maze-test*"[tiab] OR "mental-recall*"[tiab] OR "Morris water maze"[tiab] OR "nerve-transmi*"[tiab] OR "Nervous system"[tiab] OR "Neuro-development*"[tiab] OR "Neuro-genes*"[tiab] OR "neuronal-transmi*"[tiab] OR "neuro-transm*"[tiab] OR "Novel Object recognition"[tiab] OR "passive avoidance"[tiab] OR "presynaptic-terminal*"[tiab] OR "radial arm maze"[tiab] OR "Rey Osterieth Complex Figure"[tiab] OR "rheumatoid arthritis"[tiab] OR "scholastic-achievement*"[tiab] OR "Sjogren's syndrome"[tiab] OR "spontaneous alternation"[tiab] OR "Synaptic circuit*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic dysfunction*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic impair*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic net"[tiab] OR "Synaptic nets"[tiab] OR "Synaptic network*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic plasticity"[tiab] OR "synaptic-neurotransmi*"[tiab] OR "synaptic-transmi*"[tiab] OR "trace fear"[tiab] OR Alzheimer*[tiab] OR Amnesia[tiab] OR behav*[tiab] OR Cerebell*[tiab] OR Cerebr*[tiab] OR Cortex[tiab] OR CVMT[tiab] OR Dementia[tiab] OR Hippocam*[tiab] OR intelligence[tiab] OR learn*[tiab] OR Locomot*[tiab] OR memory[tiab] OR Neocortex[tiab] OR Neuroanatom*[tiab] OR Neurobehav*[tiab] OR Neurocognit*[tiab] OR Neurodevelop*[tiab] OR Neurodevelopment*[tiab] OR Neurogenes*[tiab] OR Neuropath*[tiab] OR Neurotox*[tiab] OR neurotransmi*[tiab])) NOT ("Liver Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Liver"[Mesh] OR "Kidney Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Kidney"[Mesh] OR "Creatinine"[Mesh] OR "Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury"[Mesh] OR "Gastrointestinal Tract"[Mesh] OR "Urinary Bladder"[Mesh] OR "Urinary Tract"[Mesh] OR "Urologic Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Pancreas"[Mesh] OR "Spleen"[Mesh] OR Hepat*[tiab] OR liver*[tiab] OR hepatotox*[tiab] OR creatinine*[tiab] OR gamma-glutamyl*[tiab] OR transaminase*[tiab] OR aminotransferase*[tiab] OR kidney*[tiab] OR nephrotox*[tiab] OR renal[tiab] OR Bowel*[tiab] OR gastrointestinal*[tiab] OR Gut[tiab] OR Guts[tiab] OR Intestinal*[tiab] OR Urin*[tiab] OR Urogenital*[tiab] OR Pancrea*[tiab] OR Spleen[tiab] OR "Respiratory System"[Mesh] OR Alveol*[tiab] OR Bronch*[tiab] OR Laryn*[tiab] OR Lung*[tiab] OR Mucocil*[tiab] OR Nasal*[tiab] OR Naso*[tiab] OR Nose[tiab] OR Noses[tiab] OR Pharyn*[tiab] OR Pulmon*[tiab] OR "Respiratory system"[tiab] OR Rhino*[tiab] OR Trache*[tiab] OR "Fluorosis, Dental"[Mesh] OR "Tooth Diseases"[Mesh:NoExp] OR Fluoros*[tiab] OR "Dental diseas*"[tiab] OR "Mottled Enamel*"[tiab] OR "Skeletal diseas*"[tiab] OR "Tooth diseas*"[tiab] OR "Teeth diseas*"[tiab] OR "abnormalities"[Subheading] OR "adverse effects" [Subheading] OR "Chemically-Induced Disorders"[Mesh] OR "complications" [Subheading] OR "injuries" [Subheading] OR "Long Term Adverse Effects"[Mesh] OR "pathogenicity" [Subheading] OR "Toxicity Tests"[Mesh] OR "toxicity" [Subheading] OR "Toxicological Phenomena"[Mesh] OR ((adverse[tiab] OR chronic[tiab] OR fatal[tiab] OR harmful*[tiab] OR negative[tiab] OR serious[tiab] OR side[tiab] OR Subchronic[tiab] OR undesirable[tiab]) AND (effect*[tiab] OR event*[tiab] OR outcome*[tiab] OR reaction*[tiab])) OR Abnormal*[tiab] OR Anomal*[tiab] OR "Benchmark dose"[tiab] OR "Benchmark doses"[tiab] OR BMD[tiab] OR BMDL[tiab] OR Complication*[tiab] OR Deficien*[tiab] OR Deleterious[tiab] OR "Dose effect"[tiab] OR "Dose response"[tiab] OR Hazard*[tiab] OR injurious[tiab] OR Intox*[tiab] OR LOEL[tiab] OR LOAEL[tiab] OR "Lowest Observable Adverse effect level*"[tiab] OR "Lowest Observed Adverse effect level*"[tiab] OR Malformation*[tiab] OR NOAEL[tiab] OR NOAELs[tiab] OR NOEL[tiab] OR NOELs[tiab] OR "No Observable Adverse Effect Level*"[tiab] OR "No Observed Adverse Effect Level*"[tiab] OR "No Observed Effect Level*"[tiab] OR Pathogenic*[tiab] OR Patholog*[tiab] OR Physiopatholog*[tiab] OR Toxic*[tiab] OR Unhealth*[tiab] OR Unsafe[tiab] OR "Allergens"[Mesh] OR "Allergy and Immunology"[Mesh] OR "Asthma"[Mesh] OR "Hypersensitivity"[Mesh] OR "Immune System"[Mesh] OR "Immune System Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Immune System Phenomena"[Mesh] OR "Immunomodulation"[Mesh] OR "Immunologic Factors"[Mesh] OR allerg*[tiab] OR Antibod*[tiab] OR Antigen*[tiab] OR Asthma[tiab] OR Autoimmun*[tiab] OR "cell-mediated response"[tiab] OR Histamin*[tiab] OR Hypersensitiv*[tiab] OR "Humoral Response"[tiab] OR immun* [tiab] OR Leukocyt*[tiab] OR Lymphocyt*[tiab] OR sensitisation[tiab] OR sensitization[tiab] OR "T cell*"[tiab] OR "B cell*"[tiab] OR "Natural killer cell*"[tiab] OR Monocyt*[tiab] OR Neutrophil*[tiab] OR Dendritic cell*[tiab] OR Macrophage*[tiab] OR "Aneugens"[Mesh] OR "Aneuploidy"[Mesh] OR "Apoptosis"[Mesh] OR "Cell Cycle"[Mesh] OR "Cell Hypoxia"[Mesh] OR "Cell line"[Mesh] OR "Cell Proliferation"[Mesh] OR "Cell Survival"[Mesh] OR "Chromosome Aberrations"[Mesh] OR "Chromosomes"[Mesh] OR "Comet Assay"[Mesh] OR "Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic"[Mesh] OR "Cytotoxicity, Immunologic"[Mesh] OR "DNA Adducts"[Mesh] OR "DNA Damage"[Mesh] OR "DNA Fragmentation"[Mesh] OR "Free Radicals"[Mesh] OR "Genomic Instability"[Mesh] OR "Homeostasis"[Mesh] OR "Mutagenesis"[Mesh] OR "Mutagenicity Tests"[Mesh] OR "Mutagens" [Pharmacological Action] OR "Mutagens"[Mesh] OR "Mutation"[Mesh] OR "Oxidative Stress"[Mesh] OR "Reactive Oxygen Species"[Mesh] OR "Sister Chromatid Exchange"[Mesh] OR ((Cell[tiab] OR cells[tiab] OR cellular[tiab]) AND (hypoxi*[tiab] OR homeosta*[tiab] OR impairment*[tiab] OR necro*[tiab] OR toxicity[tiab] OR prolifer*[tiab] OR grow*[tiab] OR survival[tiab])) OR ((DNA[tiab] OR gene*[tiab]) AND (deletion[tiab] OR mutation[tiab] OR adducts[tiab] OR binding[tiab] OR break*[tiab] OR fragment*[tiab] OR damage*[tiab] OR impair*[tiab] OR inhibit*[tiab] OR lesion*[tiab] OR injur*[tiab] OR repair*[tiab])) OR "AMES assay"[tiab] OR "AMES test*"[tiab] OR Aneugen*[tiab] OR Aneuploid*[tiab] OR Antioxid*[tiab] OR Apopto* [tiab] OR Catalase[tiab] OR Chromatid*[tiab] OR Chromosom*[tiab] OR Cytogen*[tiab] OR cytotox*[tiab] OR Clastogen*[tiab] OR "COMET assay"[tiab] OR "COMET test*"[tiab] OR "Genetic material*"[tiab] OR Genotox*[tiab] OR "Genomic instability"[tiab] OR "glutathione peroxidase"[tiab] OR Heterozyg*[tiab] OR "Micronucleus assay"[tiab] OR "Micronucleus test*"[tiab] OR Mitogen*[tiab] OR Mutagen*[tiab] OR Mutation*[tiab] OR Necros*[tiab] OR Oxidat*[tiab] OR Peroxid*[tiab] OR Polymorph*[tiab] OR Radical[tiab] OR Radicals[tiab] OR "Reactive oxygen species"[tiab] OR ROS[tiab] OR "Superoxide-dismutase"[tiab] OR Transgen*[tiab] OR "Inflammation"[Mesh] OR "Inflammation Mediators"[Mesh] OR Angiotensin*[tiab] OR Chemokin*[tiab] OR Cytokin*[tiab] OR Inflam*[tiab] OR Kinin*[tiab] OR Neuroinflam*[tiab] OR Proinflam*[tiab] OR "Pro-inflam*"[tiab] OR Thromboinflam*[tiab] OR "Angiogenesis Inducing Agents" [Pharmacological Action] OR "Angiogenesis Inducing Agents"[Mesh] OR "Carcinogenesis"[Mesh] OR "Carcinogenicity Tests"[Mesh] OR "Carcinogens"[Mesh] OR "Myelodysplastic-Myeloproliferative Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Neoplasms"[Mesh] OR Adenoca*[tiab] OR Angiogen*[tiab] OR Cancer*[tiab] OR Carcino*[tiab] OR Cocarcino*[tiab] OR Fibroma*[tiab] OR Hyperplas*[tiab] OR Leukemia[tiab] OR Lymphom*[tiab] OR Melano*[tiab] OR Metasta*[tiab] OR Myeloma*[tiab] OR Neoplas*[tiab] OR Precancer*[tiab] OR Oncogen*[tiab] OR Oncolog*[tiab] OR Osteoma*[tiab] OR Sarcoma*[tiab] OR Tumor*[tiab] OR Tumour*[tiab] OR "Embryonic Development"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Development"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Neurodevelopmental disorders"[Mesh] OR "Embryonic and Fetal Development"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Abortion, Spontaneous"[Mesh] OR "Abortion, Threatened"[Mesh] OR "Abortion, Veterinary"[Mesh] OR "Animals, Newborn"[Mesh] OR "Breast Feeding"[Mesh] OR "Congenital Abnormalities"[Mesh] OR "Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities"[Mesh] OR "Embryo, Mammalian"[Mesh] OR "Embryonic Structures"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Estrous Cycle"[Mesh] OR "Fertility"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Growth Retardation"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Organ Maturity"[Mesh] OR "Fetus"[Mesh] OR "Genitalia"[Mesh] OR "Growth and Development"[Mesh] OR "Infant, Newborn"[Mesh] OR "Infertility"[Mesh] OR "Lactation"[Mesh] OR "Milk, Human"[Mesh] OR "Menstrual Cycle"[Mesh] OR "Organogenesis"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Pregnancy Complications"[Mesh] OR "Pregnancy"[Mesh] OR "Prenatal Injuries"[Mesh] OR "Reproduction"[Mesh] OR "Reproductive Physiological Phenomena"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Spermatocytes"[Mesh] OR "Teratogenesis"[Mesh] OR "Teratogens"[Mesh] OR abort*[tiab] OR Breast*[tiab] OR Cervic*[tiab] OR Cervix[tiab] OR embryo*[tiab] OR Estrous[tiab] OR Estrus[tiab] OR fertility[tiab] OR Fetal*[tiab] OR fetotoxic*[tiab] OR fetus[tiab] OR Foetotoxic*[tiab] OR foetus[tiab] OR Foetal*[tiab] OR follicle*[tiab] OR genital*[tiab] OR gestat*[tiab] OR "Human milk*"[tiab] OR Infant*[tiab] OR infertil*[tiab] OR Lactating[tiab] OR Lactation*[tiab] OR Menstrua*[tiab] OR "New-born*"[tiab] OR newborn*[tiab] OR Oestrous[tiab] OR Oestrus[tiab] OR Ovar*[tiab] OR Parturition[tiab] OR Placent*[tiab] OR "post-partum"[tiab] OR postpartum[tiab] OR pregnanc*[tiab] OR premature[tiab] OR prenatal[tiab] OR Reproduct*[tiab] OR sperm*[tiab] OR teratogen*[tiab] OR Testes[tiab] OR Testic*[tiab] OR Testis[tiab] OR Uterin*[tiab] OR Uterus[tiab] OR Uteruses[tiab] OR Vagin*[tiab])) NOT ("Animals"[Mesh] NOT "Humans"[Mesh])) NOT ((rat[ti] OR rats[ti] OR mouse[ti] OR mice[ti] OR swine[ti] OR porcine[ti] OR murine[ti] OR sheep[ti] OR lambs[ti] OR pigs[ti] OR piglets[ti] OR rabbit[ti] OR rabbits[ti] OR cat[ti] OR cats[ti] OR dog[ti] OR dogs[ti] OR cattle[ti] OR bovine[ti] OR monkey[ti] OR monkeys[ti] OR trout[ti] OR marmoset*[ti]) NOT medline[sb])) NOT Perfluor*[tiab]) AND (("2020/05/01"[Date - Publication] : "2024/01/24"[Date - Publication]))) AND (English[Language]).

Annex A to TOX/2026/12 - Fluoridation literature search proposal development

Key search 1F (retrospective, with NTP chemical terms)

In this guide

This is a paper for discussion. This does not represent the views of the Committee and should not be cited.

99.             ((((((Fluorides[mh:noexp] OR fluorides, topical[mh] OR sodium fluoride[mh] OR Fluorosis, Dental[mh] OR fluorosis[tiab] OR fluorid*[tiab] OR flurid*[tiab] OR fluorin*[tiab] OR florin*[tiab]) NOT (18F[tiab] OR f-18[tiab] OR 19F[tiab] OR f-19[tiab] OR f-labeled[tiab] OR "fluorine-18"[tiab] OR "fluorine-19"[tiab] OR pet-scan[tiab] OR radioligand*[tiab] OR "Fluorides"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Fluorides, Topical"[Mesh] OR "Sodium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "Calcium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "sulfuryl fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicic acid" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicate" [Supplementary Concept] OR "potassium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "ammonium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "boron trifluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR Fluoride[tiab] OR Fluorides[tiab] OR "16984-48-8"[tiab] OR 16984488[tiab] OR "Fluoride ion"[tiab] OR "Sulfuryl fluoride"[tiab] OR "sulfonyl fluoride"[tiab] OR Vikane[tiab] OR "Fluorosilicic acid"[tiab] OR hydrofluorosilicate[tiab] OR "Sodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "disodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "sodium fluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "Sodium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Potassium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Calcium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Ammonium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR "Diethyl ether-boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR (organopolysiloxanes[tiab] AND "fluorinated group*"[tiab])) AND ("Liver Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Liver"[Mesh] OR "Kidney Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Kidney"[Mesh] OR "Creatinine"[Mesh] OR "Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury"[Mesh] OR "Gastrointestinal Tract"[Mesh] OR "Urinary Bladder"[Mesh] OR "Urinary Tract"[Mesh] OR "Urologic Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Pancreas"[Mesh] OR "Spleen"[Mesh] OR Hepat*[tiab] OR liver*[tiab] OR hepatotox*[tiab] OR creatinine*[tiab] OR gamma-glutamyl*[tiab] OR transaminase*[tiab] OR aminotransferase*[tiab] OR kidney*[tiab] OR nephrotox*[tiab] OR renal[tiab] OR Bowel*[tiab] OR gastrointestinal*[tiab] OR Gut[tiab] OR Guts[tiab] OR Intestinal*[tiab] OR Urin*[tiab] OR Urogenital*[tiab] OR Pancrea*[tiab] OR Spleen[tiab] OR "Respiratory System"[Mesh] OR Alveol*[tiab] OR Bronch*[tiab] OR Laryn*[tiab] OR Lung*[tiab] OR Mucocil*[tiab] OR Nasal*[tiab] OR Naso*[tiab] OR Nose[tiab] OR Noses[tiab] OR Pharyn*[tiab] OR Pulmon*[tiab] OR "Respiratory system"[tiab] OR Rhino*[tiab] OR Trache*[tiab] OR "Attention"[Mesh] OR "Brain"[Mesh] OR "Brain/growth and development"[Mesh] OR "Cognition Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Cognition"[Mesh] OR "Dementia"[Mesh] OR "Intelligence Tests"[Mesh] OR "Intelligence"[Mesh] OR "Learning Disabilities"[Mesh] OR "Learning"[Mesh] OR "Memory and Learning Tests"[Mesh] OR "Memory Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Memory"[Mesh] OR "Nervous System Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Nervous System"[Mesh] OR "Neurobehavioral Manifestations"[Mesh] OR "Neurocognitive Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Neurodevelopmental disorders"[Mesh] OR "Neurotoxicity Syndromes"[Mesh] OR ((Attention[tiab] OR Behav*[tiab] OR Brain[tiab] OR Brains[tiab] OR cognit*[tiab] OR Coordination[tiab] OR develop*[tiab] OR neur*[tiab] OR nervous[tiab] OR mental[tiab]) AND (deficit*[tiab] OR diagnosis[tiab] OR diagnoses[tiab] OR disease*[tiab] OR disorder*[tiab] OR dysfunction*[tiab] OR impair*[tiab] OR manifestation*[tiab] OR problem*[tiab] OR retard*[tiab] OR syndrome*[tiab] OR patholog*[tiab])) OR (DNT[tiab] NOT dinitrotoluene[tiab]) OR "barnes maze"[tiab] OR "Biel Maze"[tiab] OR "Charcot-Marie-Tooth"[tiab] OR "Cincinnati Maze"[tiab] OR "Contextual Fear"[tiab] OR "developmental period*"[tiab] OR "Guillain-Barre syndrome"[tiab] OR "IQ-test*"[tiab] OR "Long term potentiation*"[tiab] OR "maze-test*"[tiab] OR "mental-recall*"[tiab] OR "Morris water maze"[tiab] OR "nerve-transmi*"[tiab] OR "Nervous system"[tiab] OR "Neuro-development*"[tiab] OR "Neuro-genes*"[tiab] OR "neuronal-transmi*"[tiab] OR "neuro-transm*"[tiab] OR "Novel Object recognition"[tiab] OR "passive avoidance"[tiab] OR "presynaptic-terminal*"[tiab] OR "radial arm maze"[tiab] OR "Rey Osterieth Complex Figure"[tiab] OR "rheumatoid arthritis"[tiab] OR "scholastic-achievement*"[tiab] OR "Sjogren's syndrome"[tiab] OR "spontaneous alternation"[tiab] OR "Synaptic circuit*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic dysfunction*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic impair*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic net"[tiab] OR "Synaptic nets"[tiab] OR "Synaptic network*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic plasticity"[tiab] OR "synaptic-neurotransmi*"[tiab] OR "synaptic-transmi*"[tiab] OR "trace fear"[tiab] OR Alzheimer*[tiab] OR Amnesia[tiab] OR behav*[tiab] OR Cerebell*[tiab] OR Cerebr*[tiab] OR Cortex[tiab] OR CVMT[tiab] OR Dementia[tiab] OR Hippocam*[tiab] OR intelligence[tiab] OR learn*[tiab] OR Locomot*[tiab] OR memory[tiab] OR Neocortex[tiab] OR Neuroanatom*[tiab] OR Neurobehav*[tiab] OR Neurocognit*[tiab] OR Neurodevelop*[tiab] OR Neurodevelopment*[tiab] OR Neurogenes*[tiab] OR Neuropath*[tiab] OR Neurotox*[tiab] OR neurotransmi*[tiab] OR "Fluorosis, Dental"[Mesh] OR "Tooth Diseases"[Mesh:NoExp] OR Fluoros*[tiab] OR "Dental diseas*"[tiab] OR "Mottled Enamel*"[tiab] OR "Skeletal diseas*"[tiab] OR "Tooth diseas*"[tiab] OR "Teeth diseas*"[tiab] OR "abnormalities"[Subheading] OR "adverse effects" [Subheading] OR "Chemically-Induced Disorders"[Mesh] OR "complications" [Subheading] OR "injuries" [Subheading] OR "Long Term Adverse Effects"[Mesh] OR "pathogenicity" [Subheading] OR "Toxicity Tests"[Mesh] OR "toxicity" [Subheading] OR "Toxicological Phenomena"[Mesh] OR ((adverse[tiab] OR chronic[tiab] OR fatal[tiab] OR harmful*[tiab] OR negative[tiab] OR serious[tiab] OR side[tiab] OR Subchronic[tiab] OR undesirable[tiab]) AND (effect*[tiab] OR event*[tiab] OR outcome*[tiab] OR reaction*[tiab])) OR Abnormal*[tiab] OR Anomal*[tiab] OR "Benchmark dose"[tiab] OR "Benchmark doses"[tiab] OR BMD[tiab] OR BMDL[tiab] OR Complication*[tiab] OR Deficien*[tiab] OR Deleterious[tiab] OR "Dose effect"[tiab] OR "Dose response"[tiab] OR Hazard*[tiab] OR injurious[tiab] OR Intox*[tiab] OR LOEL[tiab] OR LOAEL[tiab] OR "Lowest Observable Adverse effect level*"[tiab] OR "Lowest Observed Adverse effect level*"[tiab] OR Malformation*[tiab] OR NOAEL[tiab] OR NOAELs[tiab] OR NOEL[tiab] OR NOELs[tiab] OR "No Observable Adverse Effect Level*"[tiab] OR "No Observed Adverse Effect Level*"[tiab] OR "No Observed Effect Level*"[tiab] OR Pathogenic*[tiab] OR Patholog*[tiab] OR Physiopatholog*[tiab] OR Toxic*[tiab] OR Unhealth*[tiab] OR Unsafe[tiab] OR "Allergens"[Mesh] OR "Allergy and Immunology"[Mesh] OR "Asthma"[Mesh] OR "Hypersensitivity"[Mesh] OR "Immune System"[Mesh] OR "Immune System Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Immune System Phenomena"[Mesh] OR "Immunomodulation"[Mesh] OR "Immunologic Factors"[Mesh] OR allerg*[tiab] OR Antibod*[tiab] OR Antigen*[tiab] OR Asthma[tiab] OR Autoimmun*[tiab] OR "cell-mediated response"[tiab] OR Histamin*[tiab] OR Hypersensitiv*[tiab] OR "Humoral Response"[tiab] OR immun* [tiab] OR Leukocyt*[tiab] OR Lymphocyt*[tiab] OR sensitisation[tiab] OR sensitization[tiab] OR "T cell*"[tiab] OR "B cell*"[tiab] OR "Natural killer cell*"[tiab] OR Monocyt*[tiab] OR Neutrophil*[tiab] OR Dendritic cell*[tiab] OR Macrophage*[tiab] OR "Aneugens"[Mesh] OR "Aneuploidy"[Mesh] OR "Apoptosis"[Mesh] OR "Cell Cycle"[Mesh] OR "Cell Hypoxia"[Mesh] OR "Cell line"[Mesh] OR "Cell Proliferation"[Mesh] OR "Cell Survival"[Mesh] OR "Chromosome Aberrations"[Mesh] OR "Chromosomes"[Mesh] OR "Comet Assay"[Mesh] OR "Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic"[Mesh] OR "Cytotoxicity, Immunologic"[Mesh] OR "DNA Adducts"[Mesh] OR "DNA Damage"[Mesh] OR "DNA Fragmentation"[Mesh] OR "Free Radicals"[Mesh] OR "Genomic Instability"[Mesh] OR "Homeostasis"[Mesh] OR "Mutagenesis"[Mesh] OR "Mutagenicity Tests"[Mesh] OR "Mutagens" [Pharmacological Action] OR "Mutagens"[Mesh] OR "Mutation"[Mesh] OR "Oxidative Stress"[Mesh] OR "Reactive Oxygen Species"[Mesh] OR "Sister Chromatid Exchange"[Mesh] OR ((Cell[tiab] OR cells[tiab] OR cellular[tiab]) AND (hypoxi*[tiab] OR homeosta*[tiab] OR impairment*[tiab] OR necro*[tiab] OR toxicity[tiab] OR prolifer*[tiab] OR grow*[tiab] OR survival[tiab])) OR ((DNA[tiab] OR gene*[tiab]) AND (deletion[tiab] OR mutation[tiab] OR adducts[tiab] OR binding[tiab] OR break*[tiab] OR fragment*[tiab] OR damage*[tiab] OR impair*[tiab] OR inhibit*[tiab] OR lesion*[tiab] OR injur*[tiab] OR repair*[tiab])) OR "AMES assay"[tiab] OR "AMES test*"[tiab] OR Aneugen*[tiab] OR Aneuploid*[tiab] OR Antioxid*[tiab] OR Apopto* [tiab] OR Catalase[tiab] OR Chromatid*[tiab] OR Chromosom*[tiab] OR Cytogen*[tiab] OR cytotox*[tiab] OR Clastogen*[tiab] OR "COMET assay"[tiab] OR "COMET test*"[tiab] OR "Genetic material*"[tiab] OR Genotox*[tiab] OR "Genomic instability"[tiab] OR "glutathione peroxidase"[tiab] OR Heterozyg*[tiab] OR "Micronucleus assay"[tiab] OR "Micronucleus test*"[tiab] OR Mitogen*[tiab] OR Mutagen*[tiab] OR Mutation*[tiab] OR Necros*[tiab] OR Oxidat*[tiab] OR Peroxid*[tiab] OR Polymorph*[tiab] OR Radical[tiab] OR Radicals[tiab] OR "Reactive oxygen species"[tiab] OR ROS[tiab] OR "Superoxide-dismutase"[tiab] OR Transgen*[tiab] OR "Inflammation"[Mesh] OR "Inflammation Mediators"[Mesh] OR Angiotensin*[tiab] OR Chemokin*[tiab] OR Cytokin*[tiab] OR Inflam*[tiab] OR Kinin*[tiab] OR Neuroinflam*[tiab] OR Proinflam*[tiab] OR "Pro-inflam*"[tiab] OR Thromboinflam*[tiab] OR "Angiogenesis Inducing Agents" [Pharmacological Action] OR "Angiogenesis Inducing Agents"[Mesh] OR "Carcinogenesis"[Mesh] OR "Carcinogenicity Tests"[Mesh] OR "Carcinogens"[Mesh] OR "Myelodysplastic-Myeloproliferative Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Neoplasms"[Mesh] OR Adenoca*[tiab] OR Angiogen*[tiab] OR Cancer*[tiab] OR Carcino*[tiab] OR Cocarcino*[tiab] OR Fibroma*[tiab] OR Hyperplas*[tiab] OR Leukemia[tiab] OR Lymphom*[tiab] OR Melano*[tiab] OR Metasta*[tiab] OR Myeloma*[tiab] OR Neoplas*[tiab] OR Precancer*[tiab] OR Oncogen*[tiab] OR Oncolog*[tiab] OR Osteoma*[tiab] OR Sarcoma*[tiab] OR Tumor*[tiab] OR Tumour*[tiab] OR "Embryonic Development"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Development"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Neurodevelopmental disorders"[Mesh] OR "Embryonic and Fetal Development"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Abortion, Spontaneous"[Mesh] OR "Abortion, Threatened"[Mesh] OR "Abortion, Veterinary"[Mesh] OR "Animals, Newborn"[Mesh] OR "Breast Feeding"[Mesh] OR "Congenital Abnormalities"[Mesh] OR "Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities"[Mesh] OR "Embryo, Mammalian"[Mesh] OR "Embryonic Structures"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Estrous Cycle"[Mesh] OR "Fertility"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Growth Retardation"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Organ Maturity"[Mesh] OR "Fetus"[Mesh] OR "Genitalia"[Mesh] OR "Growth and Development"[Mesh] OR "Infant, Newborn"[Mesh] OR "Infertility"[Mesh] OR "Lactation"[Mesh] OR "Milk, Human"[Mesh] OR "Menstrual Cycle"[Mesh] OR "Organogenesis"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Pregnancy Complications"[Mesh] OR "Pregnancy"[Mesh] OR "Prenatal Injuries"[Mesh] OR "Reproduction"[Mesh] OR "Reproductive Physiological Phenomena"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Spermatocytes"[Mesh] OR "Teratogenesis"[Mesh] OR "Teratogens"[Mesh] OR abort*[tiab] OR Breast*[tiab] OR Cervic*[tiab] OR Cervix[tiab] OR embryo*[tiab] OR Estrous[tiab] OR Estrus[tiab] OR fertility[tiab] OR Fetal*[tiab] OR fetotoxic*[tiab] OR fetus[tiab] OR Foetotoxic*[tiab] OR foetus[tiab] OR Foetal*[tiab] OR follicle*[tiab] OR genital*[tiab] OR gestat*[tiab] OR "Human milk*"[tiab] OR Infant*[tiab] OR infertil*[tiab] OR Lactating[tiab] OR Lactation*[tiab] OR Menstrua*[tiab] OR "New-born*"[tiab] OR newborn*[tiab] OR Oestrous[tiab] OR Oestrus[tiab] OR Ovar*[tiab] OR Parturition[tiab] OR Placent*[tiab] OR "post-partum"[tiab] OR postpartum[tiab] OR pregnanc*[tiab] OR premature[tiab] OR prenatal[tiab] OR Reproduct*[tiab] OR sperm*[tiab] OR teratogen*[tiab] OR Testes[tiab] OR Testic*[tiab] OR Testis[tiab] OR Uterin*[tiab] OR Uterus[tiab] OR Uteruses[tiab] OR Vagin*[tiab])) NOT ("Animals"[Mesh] NOT "Humans"[Mesh])) NOT ((rat[ti] OR rats[ti] OR mouse[ti] OR mice[ti] OR swine[ti] OR porcine[ti] OR murine[ti] OR sheep[ti] OR lambs[ti] OR pigs[ti] OR piglets[ti] OR rabbit[ti] OR rabbits[ti] OR cat[ti] OR cats[ti] OR dog[ti] OR dogs[ti] OR cattle[ti] OR bovine[ti] OR monkey[ti] OR monkeys[ti] OR trout[ti] OR marmoset*[ti]) NOT medline[sb])) NOT Perfluor*[tiab]) AND (("2020/05/01"[Date - Publication] : "2024/01/24"[Date - Publication]))) AND (English[Language]).

Annex A to TOX/2026/12 - Fluoridation literature search proposal development

Key search 2A - Animal studies (PubMed)

In this guide

This is a paper for discussion. This does not represent the views of the Committee and should not be cited.

100.             (((("Fluorides"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Fluorides, Topical"[Mesh] OR "Sodium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "Calcium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "sulfuryl fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicic acid" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicate" [Supplementary Concept] OR "potassium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "ammonium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "boron trifluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR Fluoride[tiab] OR Fluorides[tiab] OR "16984-48-8"[tiab] OR 16984488[tiab] OR "Fluoride ion"[tiab] OR "Sulfuryl fluoride"[tiab] OR "sulfonyl fluoride"[tiab] OR Vikane[tiab] OR "Fluorosilicic acid"[tiab] OR hydrofluorosilicate[tiab] OR "Sodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "disodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "sodium fluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "Sodium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Potassium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Calcium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Ammonium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR "Diethyl ether-boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR (organopolysiloxanes[tiab] AND "fluorinated group*"[tiab])) AND ("Liver Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Liver"[Mesh] OR "Kidney Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Kidney"[Mesh] OR "Creatinine"[Mesh] OR "Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury"[Mesh] OR "Gastrointestinal Tract"[Mesh] OR "Urinary Bladder"[Mesh] OR "Urinary Tract"[Mesh] OR "Urologic Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Pancreas"[Mesh] OR "Spleen"[Mesh] OR Hepat*[tiab] OR liver*[tiab] OR hepatotox*[tiab] OR creatinine*[tiab] OR gamma-glutamyl*[tiab] OR transaminase*[tiab] OR aminotransferase*[tiab] OR kidney*[tiab] OR nephrotox*[tiab] OR renal[tiab] OR Bowel*[tiab] OR gastrointestinal*[tiab] OR Gut[tiab] OR Guts[tiab] OR Intestinal*[tiab] OR Urin*[tiab] OR Urogenital*[tiab] OR Pancrea*[tiab] OR Spleen[tiab] OR "Respiratory System"[Mesh] OR Alveol*[tiab] OR Bronch*[tiab] OR Laryn*[tiab] OR Lung*[tiab] OR Mucocil*[tiab] OR Nasal*[tiab] OR Naso*[tiab] OR Nose[tiab] OR Noses[tiab] OR Pharyn*[tiab] OR Pulmon*[tiab] OR "Respiratory system"[tiab] OR Rhino*[tiab] OR Trache*[tiab] OR "Attention"[Mesh] OR "Brain"[Mesh] OR "Brain/growth and development"[Mesh] OR "Cognition Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Cognition"[Mesh] OR "Dementia"[Mesh] OR "Intelligence Tests"[Mesh] OR "Intelligence"[Mesh] OR "Learning Disabilities"[Mesh] OR "Learning"[Mesh] OR "Memory and Learning Tests"[Mesh] OR "Memory Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Memory"[Mesh] OR "Nervous System Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Nervous System"[Mesh] OR "Neurobehavioral Manifestations"[Mesh] OR "Neurocognitive Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Neurodevelopmental disorders"[Mesh] OR "Neurotoxicity Syndromes"[Mesh] OR ((Attention[tiab] OR Behav*[tiab] OR Brain[tiab] OR Brains[tiab] OR cognit*[tiab] OR Coordination[tiab] OR develop*[tiab] OR neur*[tiab] OR nervous[tiab] OR mental[tiab]) AND (deficit*[tiab] OR diagnosis[tiab] OR diagnoses[tiab] OR disease*[tiab] OR disorder*[tiab] OR dysfunction*[tiab] OR impair*[tiab] OR manifestation*[tiab] OR problem*[tiab] OR retard*[tiab] OR syndrome*[tiab] OR patholog*[tiab])) OR (DNT[tiab] NOT dinitrotoluene[tiab]) OR "barnes maze"[tiab] OR "Biel Maze"[tiab] OR "Charcot-Marie-Tooth"[tiab] OR "Cincinnati Maze"[tiab] OR "Contextual Fear"[tiab] OR "developmental period*"[tiab] OR "Guillain-Barre syndrome"[tiab] OR "IQ-test*"[tiab] OR "Long term potentiation*"[tiab] OR "maze-test*"[tiab] OR "mental-recall*"[tiab] OR "Morris water maze"[tiab] OR "nerve-transmi*"[tiab] OR "Nervous system"[tiab] OR "Neuro-development*"[tiab] OR "Neuro-genes*"[tiab] OR "neuronal-transmi*"[tiab] OR "neuro-transm*"[tiab] OR "Novel Object recognition"[tiab] OR "passive avoidance"[tiab] OR "presynaptic-terminal*"[tiab] OR "radial arm maze"[tiab] OR "Rey Osterieth Complex Figure"[tiab] OR "rheumatoid arthritis"[tiab] OR "scholastic-achievement*"[tiab] OR "Sjogren's syndrome"[tiab] OR "spontaneous alternation"[tiab] OR "Synaptic circuit*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic dysfunction*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic impair*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic net"[tiab] OR "Synaptic nets"[tiab] OR "Synaptic network*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic plasticity"[tiab] OR "synaptic-neurotransmi*"[tiab] OR "synaptic-transmi*"[tiab] OR "trace fear"[tiab] OR Alzheimer*[tiab] OR Amnesia[tiab] OR behav*[tiab] OR Cerebell*[tiab] OR Cerebr*[tiab] OR Cortex[tiab] OR CVMT[tiab] OR Dementia[tiab] OR Hippocam*[tiab] OR intelligence[tiab] OR learn*[tiab] OR Locomot*[tiab] OR memory[tiab] OR Neocortex[tiab] OR Neuroanatom*[tiab] OR Neurobehav*[tiab] OR Neurocognit*[tiab] OR Neurodevelop*[tiab] OR Neurodevelopment*[tiab] OR Neurogenes*[tiab] OR Neuropath*[tiab] OR Neurotox*[tiab] OR neurotransmi*[tiab] OR "Fluorosis, Dental"[Mesh] OR "Tooth Diseases"[Mesh:NoExp] OR Fluoros*[tiab] OR "Dental diseas*"[tiab] OR "Mottled Enamel*"[tiab] OR "Skeletal diseas*"[tiab] OR "Tooth diseas*"[tiab] OR "Teeth diseas*"[tiab] OR "abnormalities"[Subheading] OR "adverse effects" [Subheading] OR "Chemically-Induced Disorders"[Mesh] OR "complications" [Subheading] OR "injuries" [Subheading] OR "Long Term Adverse Effects"[Mesh] OR "pathogenicity" [Subheading] OR "Toxicity Tests"[Mesh] OR "toxicity" [Subheading] OR "Toxicological Phenomena"[Mesh] OR ((adverse[tiab] OR chronic[tiab] OR fatal[tiab] OR harmful*[tiab] OR negative[tiab] OR serious[tiab] OR side[tiab] OR Subchronic[tiab] OR undesirable[tiab]) AND (effect*[tiab] OR event*[tiab] OR outcome*[tiab] OR reaction*[tiab])) OR Abnormal*[tiab] OR Anomal*[tiab] OR "Benchmark dose"[tiab] OR "Benchmark doses"[tiab] OR BMD[tiab] OR BMDL[tiab] OR Complication*[tiab] OR Deficien*[tiab] OR Deleterious[tiab] OR "Dose effect"[tiab] OR "Dose response"[tiab] OR Hazard*[tiab] OR injurious[tiab] OR Intox*[tiab] OR LOEL[tiab] OR LOAEL[tiab] OR "Lowest Observable Adverse effect level*"[tiab] OR "Lowest Observed Adverse effect level*"[tiab] OR Malformation*[tiab] OR NOAEL[tiab] OR NOAELs[tiab] OR NOEL[tiab] OR NOELs[tiab] OR "No Observable Adverse Effect Level*"[tiab] OR "No Observed Adverse Effect Level*"[tiab] OR "No Observed Effect Level*"[tiab] OR Pathogenic*[tiab] OR Patholog*[tiab] OR Physiopatholog*[tiab] OR Toxic*[tiab] OR Unhealth*[tiab] OR Unsafe[tiab] OR "Allergens"[Mesh] OR "Allergy and Immunology"[Mesh] OR "Asthma"[Mesh] OR "Hypersensitivity"[Mesh] OR "Immune System"[Mesh] OR "Immune System Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Immune System Phenomena"[Mesh] OR "Immunomodulation"[Mesh] OR "Immunologic Factors"[Mesh] OR allerg*[tiab] OR Antibod*[tiab] OR Antigen*[tiab] OR Asthma[tiab] OR Autoimmun*[tiab] OR "cell-mediated response"[tiab] OR Histamin*[tiab] OR Hypersensitiv*[tiab] OR "Humoral Response"[tiab] OR immun* [tiab] OR Leukocyt*[tiab] OR Lymphocyt*[tiab] OR sensitisation[tiab] OR sensitization[tiab] OR "T cell*"[tiab] OR "B cell*"[tiab] OR "Natural killer cell*"[tiab] OR Monocyt*[tiab] OR Neutrophil*[tiab] OR Dendritic cell*[tiab] OR Macrophage*[tiab] OR "Aneugens"[Mesh] OR "Aneuploidy"[Mesh] OR "Apoptosis"[Mesh] OR "Cell Cycle"[Mesh] OR "Cell Hypoxia"[Mesh] OR "Cell line"[Mesh] OR "Cell Proliferation"[Mesh] OR "Cell Survival"[Mesh] OR "Chromosome Aberrations"[Mesh] OR "Chromosomes"[Mesh] OR "Comet Assay"[Mesh] OR "Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic"[Mesh] OR "Cytotoxicity, Immunologic"[Mesh] OR "DNA Adducts"[Mesh] OR "DNA Damage"[Mesh] OR "DNA Fragmentation"[Mesh] OR "Free Radicals"[Mesh] OR "Genomic Instability"[Mesh] OR "Homeostasis"[Mesh] OR "Mutagenesis"[Mesh] OR "Mutagenicity Tests"[Mesh] OR "Mutagens" [Pharmacological Action] OR "Mutagens"[Mesh] OR "Mutation"[Mesh] OR "Oxidative Stress"[Mesh] OR "Reactive Oxygen Species"[Mesh] OR "Sister Chromatid Exchange"[Mesh] OR ((Cell[tiab] OR cells[tiab] OR cellular[tiab]) AND (hypoxi*[tiab] OR homeosta*[tiab] OR impairment*[tiab] OR necro*[tiab] OR toxicity[tiab] OR prolifer*[tiab] OR grow*[tiab] OR survival[tiab])) OR ((DNA[tiab] OR gene*[tiab]) AND (deletion[tiab] OR mutation[tiab] OR adducts[tiab] OR binding[tiab] OR break*[tiab] OR fragment*[tiab] OR damage*[tiab] OR impair*[tiab] OR inhibit*[tiab] OR lesion*[tiab] OR injur*[tiab] OR repair*[tiab])) OR "AMES assay"[tiab] OR "AMES test*"[tiab] OR Aneugen*[tiab] OR Aneuploid*[tiab] OR Antioxid*[tiab] OR Apopto* [tiab] OR Catalase[tiab] OR Chromatid*[tiab] OR Chromosom*[tiab] OR Cytogen*[tiab] OR cytotox*[tiab] OR Clastogen*[tiab] OR "COMET assay"[tiab] OR "COMET test*"[tiab] OR "Genetic material*"[tiab] OR Genotox*[tiab] OR "Genomic instability"[tiab] OR "glutathione peroxidase"[tiab] OR Heterozyg*[tiab] OR "Micronucleus assay"[tiab] OR "Micronucleus test*"[tiab] OR Mitogen*[tiab] OR Mutagen*[tiab] OR Mutation*[tiab] OR Necros*[tiab] OR Oxidat*[tiab] OR Peroxid*[tiab] OR Polymorph*[tiab] OR Radical[tiab] OR Radicals[tiab] OR "Reactive oxygen species"[tiab] OR ROS[tiab] OR "Superoxide-dismutase"[tiab] OR Transgen*[tiab] OR "Inflammation"[Mesh] OR "Inflammation Mediators"[Mesh] OR Angiotensin*[tiab] OR Chemokin*[tiab] OR Cytokin*[tiab] OR Inflam*[tiab] OR Kinin*[tiab] OR Neuroinflam*[tiab] OR Proinflam*[tiab] OR "Pro-inflam*"[tiab] OR Thromboinflam*[tiab] OR "Angiogenesis Inducing Agents" [Pharmacological Action] OR "Angiogenesis Inducing Agents"[Mesh] OR "Carcinogenesis"[Mesh] OR "Carcinogenicity Tests"[Mesh] OR "Carcinogens"[Mesh] OR "Myelodysplastic-Myeloproliferative Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Neoplasms"[Mesh] OR Adenoca*[tiab] OR Angiogen*[tiab] OR Cancer*[tiab] OR Carcino*[tiab] OR Cocarcino*[tiab] OR Fibroma*[tiab] OR Hyperplas*[tiab] OR Leukemia[tiab] OR Lymphom*[tiab] OR Melano*[tiab] OR Metasta*[tiab] OR Myeloma*[tiab] OR Neoplas*[tiab] OR Precancer*[tiab] OR Oncogen*[tiab] OR Oncolog*[tiab] OR Osteoma*[tiab] OR Sarcoma*[tiab] OR Tumor*[tiab] OR Tumour*[tiab] OR "Embryonic Development"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Development"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Neurodevelopmental disorders"[Mesh] OR "Embryonic and Fetal Development"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Abortion, Spontaneous"[Mesh] OR "Abortion, Threatened"[Mesh] OR "Abortion, Veterinary"[Mesh] OR "Animals, Newborn"[Mesh] OR "Breast Feeding"[Mesh] OR "Congenital Abnormalities"[Mesh] OR "Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities"[Mesh] OR "Embryo, Mammalian"[Mesh] OR "Embryonic Structures"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Estrous Cycle"[Mesh] OR "Fertility"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Growth Retardation"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Organ Maturity"[Mesh] OR "Fetus"[Mesh] OR "Genitalia"[Mesh] OR "Growth and Development"[Mesh] OR "Infant, Newborn"[Mesh] OR "Infertility"[Mesh] OR "Lactation"[Mesh] OR "Milk, Human"[Mesh] OR "Menstrual Cycle"[Mesh] OR "Organogenesis"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Pregnancy Complications"[Mesh] OR "Pregnancy"[Mesh] OR "Prenatal Injuries"[Mesh] OR "Reproduction"[Mesh] OR "Reproductive Physiological Phenomena"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Spermatocytes"[Mesh] OR "Teratogenesis"[Mesh] OR "Teratogens"[Mesh] OR abort*[tiab] OR Breast*[tiab] OR Cervic*[tiab] OR Cervix[tiab] OR embryo*[tiab] OR Estrous[tiab] OR Estrus[tiab] OR fertility[tiab] OR Fetal*[tiab] OR fetotoxic*[tiab] OR fetus[tiab] OR Foetotoxic*[tiab] OR foetus[tiab] OR Foetal*[tiab] OR follicle*[tiab] OR genital*[tiab] OR gestat*[tiab] OR "Human milk*"[tiab] OR Infant*[tiab] OR infertil*[tiab] OR Lactating[tiab] OR Lactation*[tiab] OR Menstrua*[tiab] OR "New-born*"[tiab] OR newborn*[tiab] OR Oestrous[tiab] OR Oestrus[tiab] OR Ovar*[tiab] OR Parturition[tiab] OR Placent*[tiab] OR "post-partum"[tiab] OR postpartum[tiab] OR pregnanc*[tiab] OR premature[tiab] OR prenatal[tiab] OR Reproduct*[tiab] OR sperm*[tiab] OR teratogen*[tiab] OR Testes[tiab] OR Testic*[tiab] OR Testis[tiab] OR Uterin*[tiab] OR Uterus[tiab] OR Uteruses[tiab] OR Vagin*[tiab])) AND ("Animals, Laboratory"[Mesh] OR "Dogs"[Mesh] OR "Guinea Pigs"[Mesh:noExp] OR "Mice"[Mesh] OR "Primates"[Mesh:noExp] OR "Rabbits"[Mesh] OR "Rats"[Mesh] OR "Rodentia"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Swine"[Mesh] OR Dog[tiab] OR Dogs[tiab] OR "Laboratory animal*"[tiab] OR Mice[tiab] OR Monkey[tiab] OR Monkeys[tiab] OR Mouse[tiab] OR Pig[tiab] OR Pigs[tiab] OR Primate[tiab] OR Primates[tiab] OR Rabbit[tiab] OR Rabbits[tiab] OR Rat[tiab] OR Rats[tiab] OR Rodent*[tiab] OR Swine[tiab]) NOT Perfluor*[tiab]) AND (("2024/01/24"[Date - Publication] : "2026/02/03"[Date - Publication]))) AND (English[Language]) NOT ("sulfuryl fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "Sulfuryl fluoride*"[tiab] OR "sulfonyl fluoride*"[tiab] OR Vikane[tiab]).

Annex A to TOX/2026/12 - Fluoridation literature search proposal development

Key search 2B (with NTP neurotoxicity terms)

In this guide

This is a paper for discussion. This does not represent the views of the Committee and should not be cited.

101.             (((("Fluorides"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Fluorides, Topical"[Mesh] OR "Sodium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "Calcium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "sulfuryl fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicic acid" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicate" [Supplementary Concept] OR "potassium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "ammonium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "boron trifluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR Fluoride[tiab] OR Fluorides[tiab] OR "16984-48-8"[tiab] OR 16984488[tiab] OR "Fluoride ion"[tiab] OR "Sulfuryl fluoride"[tiab] OR "sulfonyl fluoride"[tiab] OR Vikane[tiab] OR "Fluorosilicic acid"[tiab] OR hydrofluorosilicate[tiab] OR "Sodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "disodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "sodium fluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "Sodium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Potassium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Calcium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Ammonium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR "Diethyl ether-boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR (organopolysiloxanes[tiab] AND "fluorinated group*"[tiab])) AND ("Liver Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Liver"[Mesh] OR "Kidney Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Kidney"[Mesh] OR "Creatinine"[Mesh] OR "Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury"[Mesh] OR "Gastrointestinal Tract"[Mesh] OR "Urinary Bladder"[Mesh] OR "Urinary Tract"[Mesh] OR "Urologic Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Pancreas"[Mesh] OR "Spleen"[Mesh] OR Hepat*[tiab] OR liver*[tiab] OR hepatotox*[tiab] OR creatinine*[tiab] OR gamma-glutamyl*[tiab] OR transaminase*[tiab] OR aminotransferase*[tiab] OR kidney*[tiab] OR nephrotox*[tiab] OR renal[tiab] OR Bowel*[tiab] OR gastrointestinal*[tiab] OR Gut[tiab] OR Guts[tiab] OR Intestinal*[tiab] OR Urin*[tiab] OR Urogenital*[tiab] OR Pancrea*[tiab] OR Spleen[tiab] OR "Respiratory System"[Mesh] OR Alveol*[tiab] OR Bronch*[tiab] OR Laryn*[tiab] OR Lung*[tiab] OR Mucocil*[tiab] OR Nasal*[tiab] OR Naso*[tiab] OR Nose[tiab] OR Noses[tiab] OR Pharyn*[tiab] OR Pulmon*[tiab] OR "Respiratory system"[tiab] OR Rhino*[tiab] OR Trache*[tiab] OR "Attention"[Mesh] OR "Brain"[Mesh] OR "Brain/growth and development"[Mesh] OR "Cognition Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Cognition"[Mesh] OR "Dementia"[Mesh] OR "Intelligence Tests"[Mesh] OR "Intelligence"[Mesh] OR "Learning Disabilities"[Mesh] OR "Learning"[Mesh] OR "Memory and Learning Tests"[Mesh] OR "Memory Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Memory"[Mesh] OR "Nervous System Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Nervous System"[Mesh] OR "Neurobehavioral Manifestations"[Mesh] OR "Neurocognitive Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Neurodevelopmental disorders"[Mesh] OR "Neurotoxicity Syndromes"[Mesh] OR ((Attention[tiab] OR Behav*[tiab] OR Brain[tiab] OR Brains[tiab] OR cognit*[tiab] OR Coordination[tiab] OR develop*[tiab] OR neur*[tiab] OR nervous[tiab] OR mental[tiab]) AND (deficit*[tiab] OR diagnosis[tiab] OR diagnoses[tiab] OR disease*[tiab] OR disorder*[tiab] OR dysfunction*[tiab] OR impair*[tiab] OR manifestation*[tiab] OR problem*[tiab] OR retard*[tiab] OR syndrome*[tiab] OR patholog*[tiab])) OR (DNT[tiab] NOT dinitrotoluene[tiab]) OR "barnes maze"[tiab] OR "Biel Maze"[tiab] OR "Charcot-Marie-Tooth"[tiab] OR "Cincinnati Maze"[tiab] OR "Contextual Fear"[tiab] OR "developmental period*"[tiab] OR "Guillain-Barre syndrome"[tiab] OR "IQ-test*"[tiab] OR "Long term potentiation*"[tiab] OR "maze-test*"[tiab] OR "mental-recall*"[tiab] OR "Morris water maze"[tiab] OR "nerve-transmi*"[tiab] OR "Nervous system"[tiab] OR "Neuro-development*"[tiab] OR "Neuro-genes*"[tiab] OR "neuronal-transmi*"[tiab] OR "neuro-transm*"[tiab] OR "Novel Object recognition"[tiab] OR "passive avoidance"[tiab] OR "presynaptic-terminal*"[tiab] OR "radial arm maze"[tiab] OR "Rey Osterieth Complex Figure"[tiab] OR "rheumatoid arthritis"[tiab] OR "scholastic-achievement*"[tiab] OR "Sjogren's syndrome"[tiab] OR "spontaneous alternation"[tiab] OR "Synaptic circuit*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic dysfunction*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic impair*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic net"[tiab] OR "Synaptic nets"[tiab] OR "Synaptic network*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic plasticity"[tiab] OR "synaptic-neurotransmi*"[tiab] OR "synaptic-transmi*"[tiab] OR "trace fear"[tiab] OR Alzheimer*[tiab] OR Amnesia[tiab] OR behav*[tiab] OR Cerebell*[tiab] OR Cerebr*[tiab] OR Cortex[tiab] OR CVMT[tiab] OR Dementia[tiab] OR Hippocam*[tiab] OR intelligence[tiab] OR learn*[tiab] OR Locomot*[tiab] OR memory[tiab] OR Neocortex[tiab] OR Neuroanatom*[tiab] OR Neurobehav*[tiab] OR Neurocognit*[tiab] OR Neurodevelop*[tiab] OR Neurodevelopment*[tiab] OR Neurogenes*[tiab] OR Neuropath*[tiab] OR Neurotox*[tiab] OR neurotransmi*[tiab] OR (((Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases[mh] OR Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator[mh] OR Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms[mh] OR Gene Expression Regulation[mh] OR Glucuronosyltransferase[mh] OR Intelligence tests[mh] OR Malate Dehydrogenase[mh] OR Mediator Complex Subunit 1[mh] OR Mental disorders[mh] OR Mental processes[mh] OR Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters[mh] OR Myelin Basic Protein[mh] OR nervous system[mh] OR nervous system diseases[mh] OR nervous system physiological phenomena[mh] OR Neurogranin[mh] OR Oligodendroglia[mh] OR Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors[mh] OR Psychological Phenomena and Processes[mh] OR Receptors, thyroid hormone[mh] OR Receptors, thyrotropin[mh] OR Retinoid X Receptors[mh] OR thyroid diseases[mh] OR thyroid hormones[mh] OR Thyrotropinreleasing hormone[mh] OR Thyroxine-Binding Proteins[mh] OR Pregnane X Receptor[supplementary concept] OR thyroid-hormone-receptor interacting protein[supplementary concept] OR Constitutive androstane receptor[supplementary concept] OR Academic performance[tiab] OR auditory[tiab] OR cortical[tiab] OR delayed development[tiab] OR developmental impairment[tiab] OR developmentaldelay*[tiab] OR developmental-disorder*[tiab] OR euthyroid[tiab] OR gait[tiab] OR glia*[tiab] OR gliogenesis[tiab] OR hyperactiv*[tiab] OR impulse-control[tiab] OR iodide peroxidase[tiab] OR IQ[tiab] OR ischemi*[tiab] OR locomotor[tiab] OR mental deficiency[tiab] OR mental development[tiab] OR mental illness[tiab] OR mental-deficit[tiab] OR mobility[tiab] OR mood[tiab] OR morris-maze[tiab] OR morris-water[tiab] OR motor abilit*[tiab] OR Motor activities[tiab] OR motor performance[tiab] OR nerve[tiab] OR neural[tiab] OR Neurocognitive impairment[tiab] OR neurodegenerat*[tiab] OR neurodisease*[tiab] OR neurologic*[tiab] OR neuromuscular[tiab] OR neuron*[tiab] OR obsessive compulsive[tiab] OR OCD[tiab] OR olfaction[tiab] OR olfactory[tiab] OR open-field-test[tiab] OR passive avoidance[tiab] OR plasticity[tiab] OR senil*[tiab] OR sociab*[tiab] OR speech*[tiab] OR spelling[tiab] OR stereotypic-movement*[tiab] OR synap*[tiab] OR tauopath*[tiab] OR Thyroglobulin[tiab] OR Thyroid disease*[tiab] OR thyroid gland[tiab] OR thyroid hormone*[tiab] OR thyronine*[tiab] OR visual motor[tiab] OR Visuospatial processing[tiab] OR water maze[tiab]) OR ((active-avoidance[tiab] OR ADHD[tiab] OR amygdala[tiab] OR antisocial[tiab] OR anxiety[tiab] OR anxious[tiab] OR asperger*[tiab] OR attention deficit[tiab] OR autism[tiab] OR autistic[tiab] OR behavioral[tiab] OR behaviors[tiab] OR behavioural[tiab] OR behaviours[tiab] OR bipolar[tiab] OR cerebellum[tiab] OR cognition[tiab] OR cognitive[tiab] OR communicationdisorder*[tiab] OR comprehension[tiab] OR cranial[tiab] OR dementia[tiab] OR dendrit*[tiab] OR dentate-gyrus[tiab] OR depression[tiab] OR dextrothyroxine[tiab] OR diiodothyronine*[tiab] OR diiodotyrosine[tiab] OR down syndrome[tiab] OR dyslexia[tiab] OR entorhinal cortex[tiab] OR epilep*[tiab] OR gangli*[tiab] OR goiter[tiab] OR graves-disease[tiab] OR hearing[tiab] OR hippocamp*[tiab] OR human development[tiab] OR hyperthyroid*[tiab] OR hypothalam*[tiab] OR hypothyroid*[tiab] OR impulsiv*[tiab] OR Intellectual disability[tiab] OR intelligence[tiab] OR language[tiab] OR learning[tiab] OR lewy bod*[tiab] OR long-term potentiation[tiab] OR long-term synaptic depression[tiab] OR memory[tiab] OR mental disorder*[tiab] OR mental recall[tiab] OR monoiodotyrosine[tiab] OR Motor activity[tiab] OR motor skill*[tiab] OR multiple sclerosis[tiab] OR myxedema[tiab] OR Nervous system[tiab] OR nervous-system[tiab] OR neurit*[tiab] OR optic[tiab] OR palsy[tiab] OR panic[tiab] OR parahippocamp*[tiab] OR paranoia[tiab] OR paranoid[tiab] OR parkinson*[tiab] OR perception[tiab] OR perforant*[tiab] OR personality[tiab] OR phobia[tiab] OR problem solving[tiab] OR proprioception[tiab] OR psychomotor[tiab] OR reflex[tiab] OR risk taking[tiab] OR schizophrenia[tiab] OR seizure*[tiab] OR sensation*[tiab] OR sleep[tiab] OR smell[tiab] OR spatial behavior[tiab] OR stroke[tiab] OR substantia-nigra[tiab] OR taste[tiab] OR thyroiditis[tiab] OR thyrotoxicosis[tiab] OR Thyrotropin[tiab] OR thyroxine[tiab] OR triiodothyronine[tiab] OR vision[tiab]) NOT medline[sb]))) OR "Fluorosis, Dental"[Mesh] OR "Tooth Diseases"[Mesh:NoExp] OR Fluoros*[tiab] OR "Dental diseas*"[tiab] OR "Mottled Enamel*"[tiab] OR "Skeletal diseas*"[tiab] OR "Tooth diseas*"[tiab] OR "Teeth diseas*"[tiab] OR "abnormalities"[Subheading] OR "adverse effects" [Subheading] OR "Chemically-Induced Disorders"[Mesh] OR "complications" [Subheading] OR "injuries" [Subheading] OR "Long Term Adverse Effects"[Mesh] OR "pathogenicity" [Subheading] OR "Toxicity Tests"[Mesh] OR "toxicity" [Subheading] OR "Toxicological Phenomena"[Mesh] OR ((adverse[tiab] OR chronic[tiab] OR fatal[tiab] OR harmful*[tiab] OR negative[tiab] OR serious[tiab] OR side[tiab] OR Subchronic[tiab] OR undesirable[tiab]) AND (effect*[tiab] OR event*[tiab] OR outcome*[tiab] OR reaction*[tiab])) OR Abnormal*[tiab] OR Anomal*[tiab] OR "Benchmark dose"[tiab] OR "Benchmark doses"[tiab] OR BMD[tiab] OR BMDL[tiab] OR Complication*[tiab] OR Deficien*[tiab] OR Deleterious[tiab] OR "Dose effect"[tiab] OR "Dose response"[tiab] OR Hazard*[tiab] OR injurious[tiab] OR Intox*[tiab] OR LOEL[tiab] OR LOAEL[tiab] OR "Lowest Observable Adverse effect level*"[tiab] OR "Lowest Observed Adverse effect level*"[tiab] OR Malformation*[tiab] OR NOAEL[tiab] OR NOAELs[tiab] OR NOEL[tiab] OR NOELs[tiab] OR "No Observable Adverse Effect Level*"[tiab] OR "No Observed Adverse Effect Level*"[tiab] OR "No Observed Effect Level*"[tiab] OR Pathogenic*[tiab] OR Patholog*[tiab] OR Physiopatholog*[tiab] OR Toxic*[tiab] OR Unhealth*[tiab] OR Unsafe[tiab] OR "Allergens"[Mesh] OR "Allergy and Immunology"[Mesh] OR "Asthma"[Mesh] OR "Hypersensitivity"[Mesh] OR "Immune System"[Mesh] OR "Immune System Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Immune System Phenomena"[Mesh] OR "Immunomodulation"[Mesh] OR "Immunologic Factors"[Mesh] OR allerg*[tiab] OR Antibod*[tiab] OR Antigen*[tiab] OR Asthma[tiab] OR Autoimmun*[tiab] OR "cell-mediated response"[tiab] OR Histamin*[tiab] OR Hypersensitiv*[tiab] OR "Humoral Response"[tiab] OR immun* [tiab] OR Leukocyt*[tiab] OR Lymphocyt*[tiab] OR sensitisation[tiab] OR sensitization[tiab] OR "T cell*"[tiab] OR "B cell*"[tiab] OR "Natural killer cell*"[tiab] OR Monocyt*[tiab] OR Neutrophil*[tiab] OR Dendritic cell*[tiab] OR Macrophage*[tiab] OR "Aneugens"[Mesh] OR "Aneuploidy"[Mesh] OR "Apoptosis"[Mesh] OR "Cell Cycle"[Mesh] OR "Cell Hypoxia"[Mesh] OR "Cell line"[Mesh] OR "Cell Proliferation"[Mesh] OR "Cell Survival"[Mesh] OR "Chromosome Aberrations"[Mesh] OR "Chromosomes"[Mesh] OR "Comet Assay"[Mesh] OR "Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic"[Mesh] OR "Cytotoxicity, Immunologic"[Mesh] OR "DNA Adducts"[Mesh] OR "DNA Damage"[Mesh] OR "DNA Fragmentation"[Mesh] OR "Free Radicals"[Mesh] OR "Genomic Instability"[Mesh] OR "Homeostasis"[Mesh] OR "Mutagenesis"[Mesh] OR "Mutagenicity Tests"[Mesh] OR "Mutagens" [Pharmacological Action] OR "Mutagens"[Mesh] OR "Mutation"[Mesh] OR "Oxidative Stress"[Mesh] OR "Reactive Oxygen Species"[Mesh] OR "Sister Chromatid Exchange"[Mesh] OR ((Cell[tiab] OR cells[tiab] OR cellular[tiab]) AND (hypoxi*[tiab] OR homeosta*[tiab] OR impairment*[tiab] OR necro*[tiab] OR toxicity[tiab] OR prolifer*[tiab] OR grow*[tiab] OR survival[tiab])) OR ((DNA[tiab] OR gene*[tiab]) AND (deletion[tiab] OR mutation[tiab] OR adducts[tiab] OR binding[tiab] OR break*[tiab] OR fragment*[tiab] OR damage*[tiab] OR impair*[tiab] OR inhibit*[tiab] OR lesion*[tiab] OR injur*[tiab] OR repair*[tiab])) OR "AMES assay"[tiab] OR "AMES test*"[tiab] OR Aneugen*[tiab] OR Aneuploid*[tiab] OR Antioxid*[tiab] OR Apopto* [tiab] OR Catalase[tiab] OR Chromatid*[tiab] OR Chromosom*[tiab] OR Cytogen*[tiab] OR cytotox*[tiab] OR Clastogen*[tiab] OR "COMET assay"[tiab] OR "COMET test*"[tiab] OR "Genetic material*"[tiab] OR Genotox*[tiab] OR "Genomic instability"[tiab] OR "glutathione peroxidase"[tiab] OR Heterozyg*[tiab] OR "Micronucleus assay"[tiab] OR "Micronucleus test*"[tiab] OR Mitogen*[tiab] OR Mutagen*[tiab] OR Mutation*[tiab] OR Necros*[tiab] OR Oxidat*[tiab] OR Peroxid*[tiab] OR Polymorph*[tiab] OR Radical[tiab] OR Radicals[tiab] OR "Reactive oxygen species"[tiab] OR ROS[tiab] OR "Superoxide-dismutase"[tiab] OR Transgen*[tiab] OR "Inflammation"[Mesh] OR "Inflammation Mediators"[Mesh] OR Angiotensin*[tiab] OR Chemokin*[tiab] OR Cytokin*[tiab] OR Inflam*[tiab] OR Kinin*[tiab] OR Neuroinflam*[tiab] OR Proinflam*[tiab] OR "Pro-inflam*"[tiab] OR Thromboinflam*[tiab] OR "Angiogenesis Inducing Agents" [Pharmacological Action] OR "Angiogenesis Inducing Agents"[Mesh] OR "Carcinogenesis"[Mesh] OR "Carcinogenicity Tests"[Mesh] OR "Carcinogens"[Mesh] OR "Myelodysplastic-Myeloproliferative Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Neoplasms"[Mesh] OR Adenoca*[tiab] OR Angiogen*[tiab] OR Cancer*[tiab] OR Carcino*[tiab] OR Cocarcino*[tiab] OR Fibroma*[tiab] OR Hyperplas*[tiab] OR Leukemia[tiab] OR Lymphom*[tiab] OR Melano*[tiab] OR Metasta*[tiab] OR Myeloma*[tiab] OR Neoplas*[tiab] OR Precancer*[tiab] OR Oncogen*[tiab] OR Oncolog*[tiab] OR Osteoma*[tiab] OR Sarcoma*[tiab] OR Tumor*[tiab] OR Tumour*[tiab] OR "Embryonic Development"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Development"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Neurodevelopmental disorders"[Mesh] OR "Embryonic and Fetal Development"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Abortion, Spontaneous"[Mesh] OR "Abortion, Threatened"[Mesh] OR "Abortion, Veterinary"[Mesh] OR "Animals, Newborn"[Mesh] OR "Breast Feeding"[Mesh] OR "Congenital Abnormalities"[Mesh] OR "Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities"[Mesh] OR "Embryo, Mammalian"[Mesh] OR "Embryonic Structures"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Estrous Cycle"[Mesh] OR "Fertility"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Growth Retardation"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Organ Maturity"[Mesh] OR "Fetus"[Mesh] OR "Genitalia"[Mesh] OR "Growth and Development"[Mesh] OR "Infant, Newborn"[Mesh] OR "Infertility"[Mesh] OR "Lactation"[Mesh] OR "Milk, Human"[Mesh] OR "Menstrual Cycle"[Mesh] OR "Organogenesis"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Pregnancy Complications"[Mesh] OR "Pregnancy"[Mesh] OR "Prenatal Injuries"[Mesh] OR "Reproduction"[Mesh] OR "Reproductive Physiological Phenomena"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Spermatocytes"[Mesh] OR "Teratogenesis"[Mesh] OR "Teratogens"[Mesh] OR abort*[tiab] OR Breast*[tiab] OR Cervic*[tiab] OR Cervix[tiab] OR embryo*[tiab] OR Estrous[tiab] OR Estrus[tiab] OR fertility[tiab] OR Fetal*[tiab] OR fetotoxic*[tiab] OR fetus[tiab] OR Foetotoxic*[tiab] OR foetus[tiab] OR Foetal*[tiab] OR follicle*[tiab] OR genital*[tiab] OR gestat*[tiab] OR "Human milk*"[tiab] OR Infant*[tiab] OR infertil*[tiab] OR Lactating[tiab] OR Lactation*[tiab] OR Menstrua*[tiab] OR "New-born*"[tiab] OR newborn*[tiab] OR Oestrous[tiab] OR Oestrus[tiab] OR Ovar*[tiab] OR Parturition[tiab] OR Placent*[tiab] OR "post-partum"[tiab] OR postpartum[tiab] OR pregnanc*[tiab] OR premature[tiab] OR prenatal[tiab] OR Reproduct*[tiab] OR sperm*[tiab] OR teratogen*[tiab] OR Testes[tiab] OR Testic*[tiab] OR Testis[tiab] OR Uterin*[tiab] OR Uterus[tiab] OR Uteruses[tiab] OR Vagin*[tiab])) AND ("Animals, Laboratory"[Mesh] OR "Dogs"[Mesh] OR "Guinea Pigs"[Mesh:noExp] OR "Mice"[Mesh] OR "Primates"[Mesh:noExp] OR "Rabbits"[Mesh] OR "Rats"[Mesh] OR "Rodentia"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Swine"[Mesh] OR Dog[tiab] OR Dogs[tiab] OR "Laboratory animal*"[tiab] OR Mice[tiab] OR Monkey[tiab] OR Monkeys[tiab] OR Mouse[tiab] OR Pig[tiab] OR Pigs[tiab] OR Primate[tiab] OR Primates[tiab] OR Rabbit[tiab] OR Rabbits[tiab] OR Rat[tiab] OR Rats[tiab] OR Rodent*[tiab] OR Swine[tiab]) NOT Perfluor*[tiab]) AND (("2024/01/24"[Date - Publication] : "2026/02/03"[Date - Publication]))) AND (English[Language]) NOT ("sulfuryl fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "Sulfuryl fluoride*"[tiab] OR "sulfonyl fluoride*"[tiab] OR Vikane[tiab]).

Annex A to TOX/2026/12 - Fluoridation literature search proposal development

Key search 2C (with NTP chemical terms)

In this guide

This is a paper for discussion. This does not represent the views of the Committee and should not be cited.

102.     (((("Fluorides"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Fluorides, Topical"[Mesh] OR "Sodium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "Calcium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "sulfuryl fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicic acid" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicate" [Supplementary Concept] OR "potassium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "ammonium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "boron trifluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR Fluoride[tiab] OR Fluorides[tiab] OR "16984-48-8"[tiab] OR 16984488[tiab] OR "Fluoride ion"[tiab] OR "Sulfuryl fluoride"[tiab] OR "sulfonyl fluoride"[tiab] OR Vikane[tiab] OR "Fluorosilicic acid"[tiab] OR hydrofluorosilicate[tiab] OR "Sodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "disodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "sodium fluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "Sodium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Potassium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Calcium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Ammonium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR "Diethyl ether-boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR (organopolysiloxanes[tiab] AND "fluorinated group*"[tiab]) OR ((Fluorides[mh:noexp] OR fluorides, topical[mh] OR sodium fluoride[mh] OR Fluorosis, Dental[mh] OR fluorosis[tiab] OR fluorid*[tiab] OR flurid*[tiab] OR florin*[tiab]) NOT (18F[tiab] OR f-18[tiab] OR 19F[tiab] OR f-19[tiab] OR f-labeled[tiab] OR "fluorine-18"[tiab] OR "fluorine-19"[tiab] OR pet-scan[tiab] OR radioligand*[tiab]))) AND ("Liver Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Liver"[Mesh] OR "Kidney Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Kidney"[Mesh] OR "Creatinine"[Mesh] OR "Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury"[Mesh] OR "Gastrointestinal Tract"[Mesh] OR "Urinary Bladder"[Mesh] OR "Urinary Tract"[Mesh] OR "Urologic Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Pancreas"[Mesh] OR "Spleen"[Mesh] OR Hepat*[tiab] OR liver*[tiab] OR hepatotox*[tiab] OR creatinine*[tiab] OR gamma-glutamyl*[tiab] OR transaminase*[tiab] OR aminotransferase*[tiab] OR kidney*[tiab] OR nephrotox*[tiab] OR renal[tiab] OR Bowel*[tiab] OR gastrointestinal*[tiab] OR Gut[tiab] OR Guts[tiab] OR Intestinal*[tiab] OR Urin*[tiab] OR Urogenital*[tiab] OR Pancrea*[tiab] OR Spleen[tiab] OR "Respiratory System"[Mesh] OR Alveol*[tiab] OR Bronch*[tiab] OR Laryn*[tiab] OR Lung*[tiab] OR Mucocil*[tiab] OR Nasal*[tiab] OR Naso*[tiab] OR Nose[tiab] OR Noses[tiab] OR Pharyn*[tiab] OR Pulmon*[tiab] OR "Respiratory system"[tiab] OR Rhino*[tiab] OR Trache*[tiab] OR "Attention"[Mesh] OR "Brain"[Mesh] OR "Brain/growth and development"[Mesh] OR "Cognition Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Cognition"[Mesh] OR "Dementia"[Mesh] OR "Intelligence Tests"[Mesh] OR "Intelligence"[Mesh] OR "Learning Disabilities"[Mesh] OR "Learning"[Mesh] OR "Memory and Learning Tests"[Mesh] OR "Memory Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Memory"[Mesh] OR "Nervous System Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Nervous System"[Mesh] OR "Neurobehavioral Manifestations"[Mesh] OR "Neurocognitive Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Neurodevelopmental disorders"[Mesh] OR "Neurotoxicity Syndromes"[Mesh] OR ((Attention[tiab] OR Behav*[tiab] OR Brain[tiab] OR Brains[tiab] OR cognit*[tiab] OR Coordination[tiab] OR develop*[tiab] OR neur*[tiab] OR nervous[tiab] OR mental[tiab]) AND (deficit*[tiab] OR diagnosis[tiab] OR diagnoses[tiab] OR disease*[tiab] OR disorder*[tiab] OR dysfunction*[tiab] OR impair*[tiab] OR manifestation*[tiab] OR problem*[tiab] OR retard*[tiab] OR syndrome*[tiab] OR patholog*[tiab])) OR (DNT[tiab] NOT dinitrotoluene[tiab]) OR "barnes maze"[tiab] OR "Biel Maze"[tiab] OR "Charcot-Marie-Tooth"[tiab] OR "Cincinnati Maze"[tiab] OR "Contextual Fear"[tiab] OR "developmental period*"[tiab] OR "Guillain-Barre syndrome"[tiab] OR "IQ-test*"[tiab] OR "Long term potentiation*"[tiab] OR "maze-test*"[tiab] OR "mental-recall*"[tiab] OR "Morris water maze"[tiab] OR "nerve-transmi*"[tiab] OR "Nervous system"[tiab] OR "Neuro-development*"[tiab] OR "Neuro-genes*"[tiab] OR "neuronal-transmi*"[tiab] OR "neuro-transm*"[tiab] OR "Novel Object recognition"[tiab] OR "passive avoidance"[tiab] OR "presynaptic-terminal*"[tiab] OR "radial arm maze"[tiab] OR "Rey Osterieth Complex Figure"[tiab] OR "rheumatoid arthritis"[tiab] OR "scholastic-achievement*"[tiab] OR "Sjogren's syndrome"[tiab] OR "spontaneous alternation"[tiab] OR "Synaptic circuit*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic dysfunction*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic impair*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic net"[tiab] OR "Synaptic nets"[tiab] OR "Synaptic network*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic plasticity"[tiab] OR "synaptic-neurotransmi*"[tiab] OR "synaptic-transmi*"[tiab] OR "trace fear"[tiab] OR Alzheimer*[tiab] OR Amnesia[tiab] OR behav*[tiab] OR Cerebell*[tiab] OR Cerebr*[tiab] OR Cortex[tiab] OR CVMT[tiab] OR Dementia[tiab] OR Hippocam*[tiab] OR intelligence[tiab] OR learn*[tiab] OR Locomot*[tiab] OR memory[tiab] OR Neocortex[tiab] OR Neuroanatom*[tiab] OR Neurobehav*[tiab] OR Neurocognit*[tiab] OR Neurodevelop*[tiab] OR Neurodevelopment*[tiab] OR Neurogenes*[tiab] OR Neuropath*[tiab] OR Neurotox*[tiab] OR neurotransmi*[tiab] OR "Fluorosis, Dental"[Mesh] OR "Tooth Diseases"[Mesh:NoExp] OR Fluoros*[tiab] OR "Dental diseas*"[tiab] OR "Mottled Enamel*"[tiab] OR "Skeletal diseas*"[tiab] OR "Tooth diseas*"[tiab] OR "Teeth diseas*"[tiab] OR "abnormalities"[Subheading] OR "adverse effects" [Subheading] OR "Chemically-Induced Disorders"[Mesh] OR "complications" [Subheading] OR "injuries" [Subheading] OR "Long Term Adverse Effects"[Mesh] OR "pathogenicity" [Subheading] OR "Toxicity Tests"[Mesh] OR "toxicity" [Subheading] OR "Toxicological Phenomena"[Mesh] OR ((adverse[tiab] OR chronic[tiab] OR fatal[tiab] OR harmful*[tiab] OR negative[tiab] OR serious[tiab] OR side[tiab] OR Subchronic[tiab] OR undesirable[tiab]) AND (effect*[tiab] OR event*[tiab] OR outcome*[tiab] OR reaction*[tiab])) OR Abnormal*[tiab] OR Anomal*[tiab] OR "Benchmark dose"[tiab] OR "Benchmark doses"[tiab] OR BMD[tiab] OR BMDL[tiab] OR Complication*[tiab] OR Deficien*[tiab] OR Deleterious[tiab] OR "Dose effect"[tiab] OR "Dose response"[tiab] OR Hazard*[tiab] OR injurious[tiab] OR Intox*[tiab] OR LOEL[tiab] OR LOAEL[tiab] OR "Lowest Observable Adverse effect level*"[tiab] OR "Lowest Observed Adverse effect level*"[tiab] OR Malformation*[tiab] OR NOAEL[tiab] OR NOAELs[tiab] OR NOEL[tiab] OR NOELs[tiab] OR "No Observable Adverse Effect Level*"[tiab] OR "No Observed Adverse Effect Level*"[tiab] OR "No Observed Effect Level*"[tiab] OR Pathogenic*[tiab] OR Patholog*[tiab] OR Physiopatholog*[tiab] OR Toxic*[tiab] OR Unhealth*[tiab] OR Unsafe[tiab] OR "Allergens"[Mesh] OR "Allergy and Immunology"[Mesh] OR "Asthma"[Mesh] OR "Hypersensitivity"[Mesh] OR "Immune System"[Mesh] OR "Immune System Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Immune System Phenomena"[Mesh] OR "Immunomodulation"[Mesh] OR "Immunologic Factors"[Mesh] OR allerg*[tiab] OR Antibod*[tiab] OR Antigen*[tiab] OR Asthma[tiab] OR Autoimmun*[tiab] OR "cell-mediated response"[tiab] OR Histamin*[tiab] OR Hypersensitiv*[tiab] OR "Humoral Response"[tiab] OR immun* [tiab] OR Leukocyt*[tiab] OR Lymphocyt*[tiab] OR sensitisation[tiab] OR sensitization[tiab] OR "T cell*"[tiab] OR "B cell*"[tiab] OR "Natural killer cell*"[tiab] OR Monocyt*[tiab] OR Neutrophil*[tiab] OR Dendritic cell*[tiab] OR Macrophage*[tiab] OR "Aneugens"[Mesh] OR "Aneuploidy"[Mesh] OR "Apoptosis"[Mesh] OR "Cell Cycle"[Mesh] OR "Cell Hypoxia"[Mesh] OR "Cell line"[Mesh] OR "Cell Proliferation"[Mesh] OR "Cell Survival"[Mesh] OR "Chromosome Aberrations"[Mesh] OR "Chromosomes"[Mesh] OR "Comet Assay"[Mesh] OR "Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic"[Mesh] OR "Cytotoxicity, Immunologic"[Mesh] OR "DNA Adducts"[Mesh] OR "DNA Damage"[Mesh] OR "DNA Fragmentation"[Mesh] OR "Free Radicals"[Mesh] OR "Genomic Instability"[Mesh] OR "Homeostasis"[Mesh] OR "Mutagenesis"[Mesh] OR "Mutagenicity Tests"[Mesh] OR "Mutagens" [Pharmacological Action] OR "Mutagens"[Mesh] OR "Mutation"[Mesh] OR "Oxidative Stress"[Mesh] OR "Reactive Oxygen Species"[Mesh] OR "Sister Chromatid Exchange"[Mesh] OR ((Cell[tiab] OR cells[tiab] OR cellular[tiab]) AND (hypoxi*[tiab] OR homeosta*[tiab] OR impairment*[tiab] OR necro*[tiab] OR toxicity[tiab] OR prolifer*[tiab] OR grow*[tiab] OR survival[tiab])) OR ((DNA[tiab] OR gene*[tiab]) AND (deletion[tiab] OR mutation[tiab] OR adducts[tiab] OR binding[tiab] OR break*[tiab] OR fragment*[tiab] OR damage*[tiab] OR impair*[tiab] OR inhibit*[tiab] OR lesion*[tiab] OR injur*[tiab] OR repair*[tiab])) OR "AMES assay"[tiab] OR "AMES test*"[tiab] OR Aneugen*[tiab] OR Aneuploid*[tiab] OR Antioxid*[tiab] OR Apopto* [tiab] OR Catalase[tiab] OR Chromatid*[tiab] OR Chromosom*[tiab] OR Cytogen*[tiab] OR cytotox*[tiab] OR Clastogen*[tiab] OR "COMET assay"[tiab] OR "COMET test*"[tiab] OR "Genetic material*"[tiab] OR Genotox*[tiab] OR "Genomic instability"[tiab] OR "glutathione peroxidase"[tiab] OR Heterozyg*[tiab] OR "Micronucleus assay"[tiab] OR "Micronucleus test*"[tiab] OR Mitogen*[tiab] OR Mutagen*[tiab] OR Mutation*[tiab] OR Necros*[tiab] OR Oxidat*[tiab] OR Peroxid*[tiab] OR Polymorph*[tiab] OR Radical[tiab] OR Radicals[tiab] OR "Reactive oxygen species"[tiab] OR ROS[tiab] OR "Superoxide-dismutase"[tiab] OR Transgen*[tiab] OR "Inflammation"[Mesh] OR "Inflammation Mediators"[Mesh] OR Angiotensin*[tiab] OR Chemokin*[tiab] OR Cytokin*[tiab] OR Inflam*[tiab] OR Kinin*[tiab] OR Neuroinflam*[tiab] OR Proinflam*[tiab] OR "Pro-inflam*"[tiab] OR Thromboinflam*[tiab] OR "Angiogenesis Inducing Agents" [Pharmacological Action] OR "Angiogenesis Inducing Agents"[Mesh] OR "Carcinogenesis"[Mesh] OR "Carcinogenicity Tests"[Mesh] OR "Carcinogens"[Mesh] OR "Myelodysplastic-Myeloproliferative Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Neoplasms"[Mesh] OR Adenoca*[tiab] OR Angiogen*[tiab] OR Cancer*[tiab] OR Carcino*[tiab] OR Cocarcino*[tiab] OR Fibroma*[tiab] OR Hyperplas*[tiab] OR Leukemia[tiab] OR Lymphom*[tiab] OR Melano*[tiab] OR Metasta*[tiab] OR Myeloma*[tiab] OR Neoplas*[tiab] OR Precancer*[tiab] OR Oncogen*[tiab] OR Oncolog*[tiab] OR Osteoma*[tiab] OR Sarcoma*[tiab] OR Tumor*[tiab] OR Tumour*[tiab] OR "Embryonic Development"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Development"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Neurodevelopmental disorders"[Mesh] OR "Embryonic and Fetal Development"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Abortion, Spontaneous"[Mesh] OR "Abortion, Threatened"[Mesh] OR "Abortion, Veterinary"[Mesh] OR "Animals, Newborn"[Mesh] OR "Breast Feeding"[Mesh] OR "Congenital Abnormalities"[Mesh] OR "Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities"[Mesh] OR "Embryo, Mammalian"[Mesh] OR "Embryonic Structures"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Estrous Cycle"[Mesh] OR "Fertility"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Growth Retardation"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Organ Maturity"[Mesh] OR "Fetus"[Mesh] OR "Genitalia"[Mesh] OR "Growth and Development"[Mesh] OR "Infant, Newborn"[Mesh] OR "Infertility"[Mesh] OR "Lactation"[Mesh] OR "Milk, Human"[Mesh] OR "Menstrual Cycle"[Mesh] OR "Organogenesis"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Pregnancy Complications"[Mesh] OR "Pregnancy"[Mesh] OR "Prenatal Injuries"[Mesh] OR "Reproduction"[Mesh] OR "Reproductive Physiological Phenomena"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Spermatocytes"[Mesh] OR "Teratogenesis"[Mesh] OR "Teratogens"[Mesh] OR abort*[tiab] OR Breast*[tiab] OR Cervic*[tiab] OR Cervix[tiab] OR embryo*[tiab] OR Estrous[tiab] OR Estrus[tiab] OR fertility[tiab] OR Fetal*[tiab] OR fetotoxic*[tiab] OR fetus[tiab] OR Foetotoxic*[tiab] OR foetus[tiab] OR Foetal*[tiab] OR follicle*[tiab] OR genital*[tiab] OR gestat*[tiab] OR "Human milk*"[tiab] OR Infant*[tiab] OR infertil*[tiab] OR Lactating[tiab] OR Lactation*[tiab] OR Menstrua*[tiab] OR "New-born*"[tiab] OR newborn*[tiab] OR Oestrous[tiab] OR Oestrus[tiab] OR Ovar*[tiab] OR Parturition[tiab] OR Placent*[tiab] OR "post-partum"[tiab] OR postpartum[tiab] OR pregnanc*[tiab] OR premature[tiab] OR prenatal[tiab] OR Reproduct*[tiab] OR sperm*[tiab] OR teratogen*[tiab] OR Testes[tiab] OR Testic*[tiab] OR Testis[tiab] OR Uterin*[tiab] OR Uterus[tiab] OR Uteruses[tiab] OR Vagin*[tiab])) AND ("Animals, Laboratory"[Mesh] OR "Dogs"[Mesh] OR "Guinea Pigs"[Mesh:noExp] OR "Mice"[Mesh] OR "Primates"[Mesh:noExp] OR "Rabbits"[Mesh] OR "Rats"[Mesh] OR "Rodentia"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Swine"[Mesh] OR Dog[tiab] OR Dogs[tiab] OR "Laboratory animal*"[tiab] OR Mice[tiab] OR Monkey[tiab] OR Monkeys[tiab] OR Mouse[tiab] OR Pig[tiab] OR Pigs[tiab] OR Primate[tiab] OR Primates[tiab] OR Rabbit[tiab] OR Rabbits[tiab] OR Rat[tiab] OR Rats[tiab] OR Rodent*[tiab] OR Swine[tiab]) NOT Perfluor*[tiab]) AND (("2024/01/24"[Date - Publication] : "2026/02/03"[Date - Publication]))) AND (English[Language]) NOT ("sulfuryl fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "Sulfuryl fluoride*"[tiab] OR "sulfonyl fluoride*"[tiab] OR Vikane[tiab]).

Annex A to TOX/2026/12 - Fluoridation literature search proposal development

Key search 2D (with TRACE chemical terms)

In this guide

This is a paper for discussion. This does not represent the views of the Committee and should not be cited.

103.             (((("Fluorides"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Fluorides, Topical"[Mesh] OR "Sodium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "Calcium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "sulfuryl fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicic acid" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicate" [Supplementary Concept] OR "potassium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "ammonium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "boron trifluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR Fluoride[tiab] OR Fluorides[tiab] OR "16984-48-8"[tiab] OR 16984488[tiab] OR "Fluoride ion"[tiab] OR "Sulfuryl fluoride"[tiab] OR "sulfonyl fluoride"[tiab] OR Vikane[tiab] OR "Fluorosilicic acid"[tiab] OR hydrofluorosilicate[tiab] OR "Sodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "disodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "sodium fluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "Sodium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Potassium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Calcium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Ammonium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR "Diethyl ether-boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR (organopolysiloxanes[tiab] AND "fluorinated group*"[tiab]) OR “7681-49-4”[tiab] OR “7789-23-3”[tiab] OR “7789-75-5”[tiab] OR “12125-01-8”[tiab] OR “magnesium fluoride”[tiab] OR “7783-40-6”[tiab] OR “16961-83-4”[tiab] OR “ammonium monofluorophosphate”[tiab]  OR “20859-38-5”[tiab] OR “sodium monofluorophosphate”[tiab] OR “7631-97-2”[tiab] OR “10163-15-2”[tiab] OR “potassium monofluorophosphate”[tiab] OR “14104-28-0”[tiab] OR “calcium monofluorophosphate”[tiab] OR “7789-74-4”[tiab] OR “Magnesium monofluorophosphate”[tiab] OR “16893-85-9”[tiab]OR “potassium fluorosilicate”[tiab] OR “16871-90-2”[tiab] OR “ammonium fluorosilicate”[tiab] OR “16919-19-0”[tiab] OR “magnesium fluorosilicate”[tiab] OR “16949-65-8”[tiab] OR “calcium fluorosilicate”[tiab] OR “16925-39-6”[tiab]) AND ("Liver Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Liver"[Mesh] OR "Kidney Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Kidney"[Mesh] OR "Creatinine"[Mesh] OR "Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury"[Mesh] OR "Gastrointestinal Tract"[Mesh] OR "Urinary Bladder"[Mesh] OR "Urinary Tract"[Mesh] OR "Urologic Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Pancreas"[Mesh] OR "Spleen"[Mesh] OR Hepat*[tiab] OR liver*[tiab] OR hepatotox*[tiab] OR creatinine*[tiab] OR gamma-glutamyl*[tiab] OR transaminase*[tiab] OR aminotransferase*[tiab] OR kidney*[tiab] OR nephrotox*[tiab] OR renal[tiab] OR Bowel*[tiab] OR gastrointestinal*[tiab] OR Gut[tiab] OR Guts[tiab] OR Intestinal*[tiab] OR Urin*[tiab] OR Urogenital*[tiab] OR Pancrea*[tiab] OR Spleen[tiab] OR "Respiratory System"[Mesh] OR Alveol*[tiab] OR Bronch*[tiab] OR Laryn*[tiab] OR Lung*[tiab] OR Mucocil*[tiab] OR Nasal*[tiab] OR Naso*[tiab] OR Nose[tiab] OR Noses[tiab] OR Pharyn*[tiab] OR Pulmon*[tiab] OR "Respiratory system"[tiab] OR Rhino*[tiab] OR Trache*[tiab] OR "Attention"[Mesh] OR "Brain"[Mesh] OR "Brain/growth and development"[Mesh] OR "Cognition Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Cognition"[Mesh] OR "Dementia"[Mesh] OR "Intelligence Tests"[Mesh] OR "Intelligence"[Mesh] OR "Learning Disabilities"[Mesh] OR "Learning"[Mesh] OR "Memory and Learning Tests"[Mesh] OR "Memory Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Memory"[Mesh] OR "Nervous System Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Nervous System"[Mesh] OR "Neurobehavioral Manifestations"[Mesh] OR "Neurocognitive Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Neurodevelopmental disorders"[Mesh] OR "Neurotoxicity Syndromes"[Mesh] OR ((Attention[tiab] OR Behav*[tiab] OR Brain[tiab] OR Brains[tiab] OR cognit*[tiab] OR Coordination[tiab] OR develop*[tiab] OR neur*[tiab] OR nervous[tiab] OR mental[tiab]) AND (deficit*[tiab] OR diagnosis[tiab] OR diagnoses[tiab] OR disease*[tiab] OR disorder*[tiab] OR dysfunction*[tiab] OR impair*[tiab] OR manifestation*[tiab] OR problem*[tiab] OR retard*[tiab] OR syndrome*[tiab] OR patholog*[tiab])) OR (DNT[tiab] NOT dinitrotoluene[tiab]) OR "barnes maze"[tiab] OR "Biel Maze"[tiab] OR "Charcot-Marie-Tooth"[tiab] OR "Cincinnati Maze"[tiab] OR "Contextual Fear"[tiab] OR "developmental period*"[tiab] OR "Guillain-Barre syndrome"[tiab] OR "IQ-test*"[tiab] OR "Long term potentiation*"[tiab] OR "maze-test*"[tiab] OR "mental-recall*"[tiab] OR "Morris water maze"[tiab] OR "nerve-transmi*"[tiab] OR "Nervous system"[tiab] OR "Neuro-development*"[tiab] OR "Neuro-genes*"[tiab] OR "neuronal-transmi*"[tiab] OR "neuro-transm*"[tiab] OR "Novel Object recognition"[tiab] OR "passive avoidance"[tiab] OR "presynaptic-terminal*"[tiab] OR "radial arm maze"[tiab] OR "Rey Osterieth Complex Figure"[tiab] OR "rheumatoid arthritis"[tiab] OR "scholastic-achievement*"[tiab] OR "Sjogren's syndrome"[tiab] OR "spontaneous alternation"[tiab] OR "Synaptic circuit*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic dysfunction*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic impair*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic net"[tiab] OR "Synaptic nets"[tiab] OR "Synaptic network*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic plasticity"[tiab] OR "synaptic-neurotransmi*"[tiab] OR "synaptic-transmi*"[tiab] OR "trace fear"[tiab] OR Alzheimer*[tiab] OR Amnesia[tiab] OR behav*[tiab] OR Cerebell*[tiab] OR Cerebr*[tiab] OR Cortex[tiab] OR CVMT[tiab] OR Dementia[tiab] OR Hippocam*[tiab] OR intelligence[tiab] OR learn*[tiab] OR Locomot*[tiab] OR memory[tiab] OR Neocortex[tiab] OR Neuroanatom*[tiab] OR Neurobehav*[tiab] OR Neurocognit*[tiab] OR Neurodevelop*[tiab] OR Neurodevelopment*[tiab] OR Neurogenes*[tiab] OR Neuropath*[tiab] OR Neurotox*[tiab] OR neurotransmi*[tiab] OR "Fluorosis, Dental"[Mesh] OR "Tooth Diseases"[Mesh:NoExp] OR Fluoros*[tiab] OR "Dental diseas*"[tiab] OR "Mottled Enamel*"[tiab] OR "Skeletal diseas*"[tiab] OR "Tooth diseas*"[tiab] OR "Teeth diseas*"[tiab] OR "abnormalities"[Subheading] OR "adverse effects" [Subheading] OR "Chemically-Induced Disorders"[Mesh] OR "complications" [Subheading] OR "injuries" [Subheading] OR "Long Term Adverse Effects"[Mesh] OR "pathogenicity" [Subheading] OR "Toxicity Tests"[Mesh] OR "toxicity" [Subheading] OR "Toxicological Phenomena"[Mesh] OR ((adverse[tiab] OR chronic[tiab] OR fatal[tiab] OR harmful*[tiab] OR negative[tiab] OR serious[tiab] OR side[tiab] OR Subchronic[tiab] OR undesirable[tiab]) AND (effect*[tiab] OR event*[tiab] OR outcome*[tiab] OR reaction*[tiab])) OR Abnormal*[tiab] OR Anomal*[tiab] OR "Benchmark dose"[tiab] OR "Benchmark doses"[tiab] OR BMD[tiab] OR BMDL[tiab] OR Complication*[tiab] OR Deficien*[tiab] OR Deleterious[tiab] OR "Dose effect"[tiab] OR "Dose response"[tiab] OR Hazard*[tiab] OR injurious[tiab] OR Intox*[tiab] OR LOEL[tiab] OR LOAEL[tiab] OR "Lowest Observable Adverse effect level*"[tiab] OR "Lowest Observed Adverse effect level*"[tiab] OR Malformation*[tiab] OR NOAEL[tiab] OR NOAELs[tiab] OR NOEL[tiab] OR NOELs[tiab] OR "No Observable Adverse Effect Level*"[tiab] OR "No Observed Adverse Effect Level*"[tiab] OR "No Observed Effect Level*"[tiab] OR Pathogenic*[tiab] OR Patholog*[tiab] OR Physiopatholog*[tiab] OR Toxic*[tiab] OR Unhealth*[tiab] OR Unsafe[tiab] OR "Allergens"[Mesh] OR "Allergy and Immunology"[Mesh] OR "Asthma"[Mesh] OR "Hypersensitivity"[Mesh] OR "Immune System"[Mesh] OR "Immune System Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Immune System Phenomena"[Mesh] OR "Immunomodulation"[Mesh] OR "Immunologic Factors"[Mesh] OR allerg*[tiab] OR Antibod*[tiab] OR Antigen*[tiab] OR Asthma[tiab] OR Autoimmun*[tiab] OR "cell-mediated response"[tiab] OR Histamin*[tiab] OR Hypersensitiv*[tiab] OR "Humoral Response"[tiab] OR immun* [tiab] OR Leukocyt*[tiab] OR Lymphocyt*[tiab] OR sensitisation[tiab] OR sensitization[tiab] OR "T cell*"[tiab] OR "B cell*"[tiab] OR "Natural killer cell*"[tiab] OR Monocyt*[tiab] OR Neutrophil*[tiab] OR Dendritic cell*[tiab] OR Macrophage*[tiab] OR "Aneugens"[Mesh] OR "Aneuploidy"[Mesh] OR "Apoptosis"[Mesh] OR "Cell Cycle"[Mesh] OR "Cell Hypoxia"[Mesh] OR "Cell line"[Mesh] OR "Cell Proliferation"[Mesh] OR "Cell Survival"[Mesh] OR "Chromosome Aberrations"[Mesh] OR "Chromosomes"[Mesh] OR "Comet Assay"[Mesh] OR "Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic"[Mesh] OR "Cytotoxicity, Immunologic"[Mesh] OR "DNA Adducts"[Mesh] OR "DNA Damage"[Mesh] OR "DNA Fragmentation"[Mesh] OR "Free Radicals"[Mesh] OR "Genomic Instability"[Mesh] OR "Homeostasis"[Mesh] OR "Mutagenesis"[Mesh] OR "Mutagenicity Tests"[Mesh] OR "Mutagens" [Pharmacological Action] OR "Mutagens"[Mesh] OR "Mutation"[Mesh] OR "Oxidative Stress"[Mesh] OR "Reactive Oxygen Species"[Mesh] OR "Sister Chromatid Exchange"[Mesh] OR ((Cell[tiab] OR cells[tiab] OR cellular[tiab]) AND (hypoxi*[tiab] OR homeosta*[tiab] OR impairment*[tiab] OR necro*[tiab] OR toxicity[tiab] OR prolifer*[tiab] OR grow*[tiab] OR survival[tiab])) OR ((DNA[tiab] OR gene*[tiab]) AND (deletion[tiab] OR mutation[tiab] OR adducts[tiab] OR binding[tiab] OR break*[tiab] OR fragment*[tiab] OR damage*[tiab] OR impair*[tiab] OR inhibit*[tiab] OR lesion*[tiab] OR injur*[tiab] OR repair*[tiab])) OR "AMES assay"[tiab] OR "AMES test*"[tiab] OR Aneugen*[tiab] OR Aneuploid*[tiab] OR Antioxid*[tiab] OR Apopto* [tiab] OR Catalase[tiab] OR Chromatid*[tiab] OR Chromosom*[tiab] OR Cytogen*[tiab] OR cytotox*[tiab] OR Clastogen*[tiab] OR "COMET assay"[tiab] OR "COMET test*"[tiab] OR "Genetic material*"[tiab] OR Genotox*[tiab] OR "Genomic instability"[tiab] OR "glutathione peroxidase"[tiab] OR Heterozyg*[tiab] OR "Micronucleus assay"[tiab] OR "Micronucleus test*"[tiab] OR Mitogen*[tiab] OR Mutagen*[tiab] OR Mutation*[tiab] OR Necros*[tiab] OR Oxidat*[tiab] OR Peroxid*[tiab] OR Polymorph*[tiab] OR Radical[tiab] OR Radicals[tiab] OR "Reactive oxygen species"[tiab] OR ROS[tiab] OR "Superoxide-dismutase"[tiab] OR Transgen*[tiab] OR "Inflammation"[Mesh] OR "Inflammation Mediators"[Mesh] OR Angiotensin*[tiab] OR Chemokin*[tiab] OR Cytokin*[tiab] OR Inflam*[tiab] OR Kinin*[tiab] OR Neuroinflam*[tiab] OR Proinflam*[tiab] OR "Pro-inflam*"[tiab] OR Thromboinflam*[tiab] OR "Angiogenesis Inducing Agents" [Pharmacological Action] OR "Angiogenesis Inducing Agents"[Mesh] OR "Carcinogenesis"[Mesh] OR "Carcinogenicity Tests"[Mesh] OR "Carcinogens"[Mesh] OR "Myelodysplastic-Myeloproliferative Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Neoplasms"[Mesh] OR Adenoca*[tiab] OR Angiogen*[tiab] OR Cancer*[tiab] OR Carcino*[tiab] OR Cocarcino*[tiab] OR Fibroma*[tiab] OR Hyperplas*[tiab] OR Leukemia[tiab] OR Lymphom*[tiab] OR Melano*[tiab] OR Metasta*[tiab] OR Myeloma*[tiab] OR Neoplas*[tiab] OR Precancer*[tiab] OR Oncogen*[tiab] OR Oncolog*[tiab] OR Osteoma*[tiab] OR Sarcoma*[tiab] OR Tumor*[tiab] OR Tumour*[tiab] OR "Embryonic Development"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Development"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Neurodevelopmental disorders"[Mesh] OR "Embryonic and Fetal Development"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Abortion, Spontaneous"[Mesh] OR "Abortion, Threatened"[Mesh] OR "Abortion, Veterinary"[Mesh] OR "Animals, Newborn"[Mesh] OR "Breast Feeding"[Mesh] OR "Congenital Abnormalities"[Mesh] OR "Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities"[Mesh] OR "Embryo, Mammalian"[Mesh] OR "Embryonic Structures"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Estrous Cycle"[Mesh] OR "Fertility"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Growth Retardation"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Organ Maturity"[Mesh] OR "Fetus"[Mesh] OR "Genitalia"[Mesh] OR "Growth and Development"[Mesh] OR "Infant, Newborn"[Mesh] OR "Infertility"[Mesh] OR "Lactation"[Mesh] OR "Milk, Human"[Mesh] OR "Menstrual Cycle"[Mesh] OR "Organogenesis"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Pregnancy Complications"[Mesh] OR "Pregnancy"[Mesh] OR "Prenatal Injuries"[Mesh] OR "Reproduction"[Mesh] OR "Reproductive Physiological Phenomena"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Spermatocytes"[Mesh] OR "Teratogenesis"[Mesh] OR "Teratogens"[Mesh] OR abort*[tiab] OR Breast*[tiab] OR Cervic*[tiab] OR Cervix[tiab] OR embryo*[tiab] OR Estrous[tiab] OR Estrus[tiab] OR fertility[tiab] OR Fetal*[tiab] OR fetotoxic*[tiab] OR fetus[tiab] OR Foetotoxic*[tiab] OR foetus[tiab] OR Foetal*[tiab] OR follicle*[tiab] OR genital*[tiab] OR gestat*[tiab] OR "Human milk*"[tiab] OR Infant*[tiab] OR infertil*[tiab] OR Lactating[tiab] OR Lactation*[tiab] OR Menstrua*[tiab] OR "New-born*"[tiab] OR newborn*[tiab] OR Oestrous[tiab] OR Oestrus[tiab] OR Ovar*[tiab] OR Parturition[tiab] OR Placent*[tiab] OR "post-partum"[tiab] OR postpartum[tiab] OR pregnanc*[tiab] OR premature[tiab] OR prenatal[tiab] OR Reproduct*[tiab] OR sperm*[tiab] OR teratogen*[tiab] OR Testes[tiab] OR Testic*[tiab] OR Testis[tiab] OR Uterin*[tiab] OR Uterus[tiab] OR Uteruses[tiab] OR Vagin*[tiab])) AND ("Animals, Laboratory"[Mesh] OR "Dogs"[Mesh] OR "Guinea Pigs"[Mesh:noExp] OR "Mice"[Mesh] OR "Primates"[Mesh:noExp] OR "Rabbits"[Mesh] OR "Rats"[Mesh] OR "Rodentia"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Swine"[Mesh] OR Dog[tiab] OR Dogs[tiab] OR "Laboratory animal*"[tiab] OR Mice[tiab] OR Monkey[tiab] OR Monkeys[tiab] OR Mouse[tiab] OR Pig[tiab] OR Pigs[tiab] OR Primate[tiab] OR Primates[tiab] OR Rabbit[tiab] OR Rabbits[tiab] OR Rat[tiab] OR Rats[tiab] OR Rodent*[tiab] OR Swine[tiab]) NOT Perfluor*[tiab]) AND (("2024/01/24"[Date - Publication] : "2026/02/03"[Date - Publication]))) AND (English[Language]) NOT ("sulfuryl fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "Sulfuryl fluoride*"[tiab] OR "sulfonyl fluoride*"[tiab] OR Vikane[tiab]).

Annex A to TOX/2026/12 - Fluoridation literature search proposal development

Key search 2E (retrospective, with NTP neurotoxicity terms)

In this guide

This is a paper for discussion. This does not represent the views of the Committee and should not be cited.

104.             (((("Fluorides"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Fluorides, Topical"[Mesh] OR "Sodium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "Calcium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "sulfuryl fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicic acid" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicate" [Supplementary Concept] OR "potassium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "ammonium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "boron trifluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR Fluoride[tiab] OR Fluorides[tiab] OR "16984-48-8"[tiab] OR 16984488[tiab] OR "Fluoride ion"[tiab] OR "Sulfuryl fluoride"[tiab] OR "sulfonyl fluoride"[tiab] OR Vikane[tiab] OR "Fluorosilicic acid"[tiab] OR hydrofluorosilicate[tiab] OR "Sodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "disodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "sodium fluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "Sodium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Potassium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Calcium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Ammonium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR "Diethyl ether-boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR (organopolysiloxanes[tiab] AND "fluorinated group*"[tiab])) AND ((((Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases[mh] OR Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator[mh] OR Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms[mh] OR Gene Expression Regulation[mh] OR Glucuronosyltransferase[mh] OR Intelligence tests[mh] OR Malate Dehydrogenase[mh] OR Mediator Complex Subunit 1[mh] OR Mental disorders[mh] OR Mental processes[mh] OR Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters[mh] OR Myelin Basic Protein[mh] OR nervous system[mh] OR nervous system diseases[mh] OR nervous system physiological phenomena[mh] OR Neurogranin[mh] OR Oligodendroglia[mh] OR Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors[mh] OR Psychological Phenomena and Processes[mh] OR Receptors, thyroid hormone[mh] OR Receptors, thyrotropin[mh] OR Retinoid X Receptors[mh] OR thyroid diseases[mh] OR thyroid hormones[mh] OR Thyrotropinreleasing hormone[mh] OR Thyroxine-Binding Proteins[mh] OR Pregnane X Receptor[supplementary concept] OR thyroid-hormone-receptor interacting protein[supplementary concept] OR Constitutive androstane receptor[supplementary concept] OR Academic performance[tiab] OR auditory[tiab] OR cortical[tiab] OR delayed development[tiab] OR developmental impairment[tiab] OR developmentaldelay*[tiab] OR developmental-disorder*[tiab] OR euthyroid[tiab] OR gait[tiab] OR glia*[tiab] OR gliogenesis[tiab] OR hyperactiv*[tiab] OR impulse-control[tiab] OR iodide peroxidase[tiab] OR IQ[tiab] OR ischemi*[tiab] OR locomotor[tiab] OR mental deficiency[tiab] OR mental development[tiab] OR mental illness[tiab] OR mental-deficit[tiab] OR mobility[tiab] OR mood[tiab] OR morris-maze[tiab] OR morris-water[tiab] OR motor abilit*[tiab] OR Motor activities[tiab] OR motor performance[tiab] OR nerve[tiab] OR neural[tiab] OR Neurocognitive impairment[tiab] OR neurodegenerat*[tiab] OR neurodisease*[tiab] OR neurologic*[tiab] OR neuromuscular[tiab] OR neuron*[tiab] OR obsessive compulsive[tiab] OR OCD[tiab] OR olfaction[tiab] OR olfactory[tiab] OR open-field-test[tiab] OR passive avoidance[tiab] OR plasticity[tiab] OR senil*[tiab] OR sociab*[tiab] OR speech*[tiab] OR spelling[tiab] OR stereotypic-movement*[tiab] OR synap*[tiab] OR tauopath*[tiab] OR Thyroglobulin[tiab] OR Thyroid disease*[tiab] OR thyroid gland[tiab] OR thyroid hormone*[tiab] OR thyronine*[tiab] OR visual motor[tiab] OR Visuospatial processing[tiab] OR water maze[tiab]) OR ((active-avoidance[tiab] OR ADHD[tiab] OR amygdala[tiab] OR antisocial[tiab] OR anxiety[tiab] OR anxious[tiab] OR asperger*[tiab] OR attention deficit[tiab] OR autism[tiab] OR autistic[tiab] OR behavioral[tiab] OR behaviors[tiab] OR behavioural[tiab] OR behaviours[tiab] OR bipolar[tiab] OR cerebellum[tiab] OR cognition[tiab] OR cognitive[tiab] OR communicationdisorder*[tiab] OR comprehension[tiab] OR cranial[tiab] OR dementia[tiab] OR dendrit*[tiab] OR dentate-gyrus[tiab] OR depression[tiab] OR dextrothyroxine[tiab] OR diiodothyronine*[tiab] OR diiodotyrosine[tiab] OR down syndrome[tiab] OR dyslexia[tiab] OR entorhinal cortex[tiab] OR epilep*[tiab] OR gangli*[tiab] OR goiter[tiab] OR graves-disease[tiab] OR hearing[tiab] OR hippocamp*[tiab] OR human development[tiab] OR hyperthyroid*[tiab] OR hypothalam*[tiab] OR hypothyroid*[tiab] OR impulsiv*[tiab] OR Intellectual disability[tiab] OR intelligence[tiab] OR language[tiab] OR learning[tiab] OR lewy bod*[tiab] OR long-term potentiation[tiab] OR long-term synaptic depression[tiab] OR memory[tiab] OR mental disorder*[tiab] OR mental recall[tiab] OR monoiodotyrosine[tiab] OR Motor activity[tiab] OR motor skill*[tiab] OR multiple sclerosis[tiab] OR myxedema[tiab] OR Nervous system[tiab] OR nervous-system[tiab] OR neurit*[tiab] OR optic[tiab] OR palsy[tiab] OR panic[tiab] OR parahippocamp*[tiab] OR paranoia[tiab] OR paranoid[tiab] OR parkinson*[tiab] OR perception[tiab] OR perforant*[tiab] OR personality[tiab] OR phobia[tiab] OR problem solving[tiab] OR proprioception[tiab] OR psychomotor[tiab] OR reflex[tiab] OR risk taking[tiab] OR schizophrenia[tiab] OR seizure*[tiab] OR sensation*[tiab] OR sleep[tiab] OR smell[tiab] OR spatial behavior[tiab] OR stroke[tiab] OR substantia-nigra[tiab] OR taste[tiab] OR thyroiditis[tiab] OR thyrotoxicosis[tiab] OR Thyrotropin[tiab] OR thyroxine[tiab] OR triiodothyronine[tiab] OR vision[tiab]) NOT medline[sb]))) NOT ("Attention"[Mesh] OR "Brain"[Mesh] OR "Brain/growth and development"[Mesh] OR "Cognition Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Cognition"[Mesh] OR "Dementia"[Mesh] OR "Intelligence Tests"[Mesh] OR "Intelligence"[Mesh] OR "Learning Disabilities"[Mesh] OR "Learning"[Mesh] OR "Memory and Learning Tests"[Mesh] OR "Memory Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Memory"[Mesh] OR "Nervous System Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Nervous System"[Mesh] OR "Neurobehavioral Manifestations"[Mesh] OR "Neurocognitive Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Neurodevelopmental disorders"[Mesh] OR "Neurotoxicity Syndromes"[Mesh] OR ((Attention[tiab] OR Behav*[tiab] OR Brain[tiab] OR Brains[tiab] OR cognit*[tiab] OR Coordination[tiab] OR develop*[tiab] OR neur*[tiab] OR nervous[tiab] OR mental[tiab]) AND (deficit*[tiab] OR diagnosis[tiab] OR diagnoses[tiab] OR disease*[tiab] OR disorder*[tiab] OR dysfunction*[tiab] OR impair*[tiab] OR manifestation*[tiab] OR problem*[tiab] OR retard*[tiab] OR syndrome*[tiab] OR patholog*[tiab])) OR (DNT[tiab] NOT dinitrotoluene[tiab]) OR "barnes maze"[tiab] OR "Biel Maze"[tiab] OR "Charcot-Marie-Tooth"[tiab] OR "Cincinnati Maze"[tiab] OR "Contextual Fear"[tiab] OR "developmental period*"[tiab] OR "Guillain-Barre syndrome"[tiab] OR "IQ-test*"[tiab] OR "Long term potentiation*"[tiab] OR "maze-test*"[tiab] OR "mental-recall*"[tiab] OR "Morris water maze"[tiab] OR "nerve-transmi*"[tiab] OR "Nervous system"[tiab] OR "Neuro-development*"[tiab] OR "Neuro-genes*"[tiab] OR "neuronal-transmi*"[tiab] OR "neuro-transm*"[tiab] OR "Novel Object recognition"[tiab] OR "passive avoidance"[tiab] OR "presynaptic-terminal*"[tiab] OR "radial arm maze"[tiab] OR "Rey Osterieth Complex Figure"[tiab] OR "rheumatoid arthritis"[tiab] OR "scholastic-achievement*"[tiab] OR "Sjogren's syndrome"[tiab] OR "spontaneous alternation"[tiab] OR "Synaptic circuit*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic dysfunction*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic impair*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic net"[tiab] OR "Synaptic nets"[tiab] OR "Synaptic network*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic plasticity"[tiab] OR "synaptic-neurotransmi*"[tiab] OR "synaptic-transmi*"[tiab] OR "trace fear"[tiab] OR Amnesia[tiab] OR behav*[tiab] OR Cerebell*[tiab] OR Cerebr*[tiab] OR Cortex[tiab] OR CVMT[tiab] OR Dementia[tiab] OR Hippocam*[tiab] OR intelligence[tiab] OR learn*[tiab] OR Locomot*[tiab] OR memory[tiab] OR Neocortex[tiab] OR Neuroanatom*[tiab] OR Neurobehav*[tiab] OR Neurocognit*[tiab] OR Neurodevelop*[tiab] OR Neurodevelopment*[tiab] OR Neurogenes*[tiab] OR Neuropath*[tiab] OR Neurotox*[tiab] OR neurotransmi*[tiab])) NOT ("Liver Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Liver"[Mesh] OR "Kidney Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Kidney"[Mesh] OR "Creatinine"[Mesh] OR "Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury"[Mesh] OR "Gastrointestinal Tract"[Mesh] OR "Urinary Bladder"[Mesh] OR "Urinary Tract"[Mesh] OR "Urologic Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Pancreas"[Mesh] OR "Spleen"[Mesh] OR Hepat*[tiab] OR liver*[tiab] OR hepatotox*[tiab] OR creatinine*[tiab] OR gamma-glutamyl*[tiab] OR transaminase*[tiab] OR aminotransferase*[tiab] OR kidney*[tiab] OR nephrotox*[tiab] OR renal[tiab] OR Bowel*[tiab] OR gastrointestinal*[tiab] OR Gut[tiab] OR Guts[tiab] OR Intestinal*[tiab] OR Urin*[tiab] OR Urogenital*[tiab] OR Pancrea*[tiab] OR Spleen[tiab] OR "Respiratory System"[Mesh] OR Alveol*[tiab] OR Bronch*[tiab] OR Laryn*[tiab] OR Lung*[tiab] OR Mucocil*[tiab] OR Nasal*[tiab] OR Naso*[tiab] OR Nose[tiab] OR Noses[tiab] OR Pharyn*[tiab] OR Pulmon*[tiab] OR "Respiratory system"[tiab] OR Rhino*[tiab] OR Trache*[tiab] OR "Fluorosis, Dental"[Mesh] OR "Tooth Diseases"[Mesh:NoExp] OR Fluoros*[tiab] OR "Dental diseas*"[tiab] OR "Mottled Enamel*"[tiab] OR "Skeletal diseas*"[tiab] OR "Tooth diseas*"[tiab] OR "Teeth diseas*"[tiab] OR "abnormalities"[Subheading] OR "adverse effects" [Subheading] OR "Chemically-Induced Disorders"[Mesh] OR "complications" [Subheading] OR "injuries" [Subheading] OR "Long Term Adverse Effects"[Mesh] OR "pathogenicity" [Subheading] OR "Toxicity Tests"[Mesh] OR "toxicity" [Subheading] OR "Toxicological Phenomena"[Mesh] OR ((adverse[tiab] OR chronic[tiab] OR fatal[tiab] OR harmful*[tiab] OR negative[tiab] OR serious[tiab] OR side[tiab] OR Subchronic[tiab] OR undesirable[tiab]) AND (effect*[tiab] OR event*[tiab] OR outcome*[tiab] OR reaction*[tiab])) OR Abnormal*[tiab] OR Anomal*[tiab] OR "Benchmark dose"[tiab] OR "Benchmark doses"[tiab] OR BMD[tiab] OR BMDL[tiab] OR Complication*[tiab] OR Deficien*[tiab] OR Deleterious[tiab] OR "Dose effect"[tiab] OR "Dose response"[tiab] OR Hazard*[tiab] OR injurious[tiab] OR Intox*[tiab] OR LOEL[tiab] OR LOAEL[tiab] OR "Lowest Observable Adverse effect level*"[tiab] OR "Lowest Observed Adverse effect level*"[tiab] OR Malformation*[tiab] OR NOAEL[tiab] OR NOAELs[tiab] OR NOEL[tiab] OR NOELs[tiab] OR "No Observable Adverse Effect Level*"[tiab] OR "No Observed Adverse Effect Level*"[tiab] OR "No Observed Effect Level*"[tiab] OR Pathogenic*[tiab] OR Patholog*[tiab] OR Physiopatholog*[tiab] OR Toxic*[tiab] OR Unhealth*[tiab] OR Unsafe[tiab] OR "Allergens"[Mesh] OR "Allergy and Immunology"[Mesh] OR "Asthma"[Mesh] OR "Hypersensitivity"[Mesh] OR "Immune System"[Mesh] OR "Immune System Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Immune System Phenomena"[Mesh] OR "Immunomodulation"[Mesh] OR "Immunologic Factors"[Mesh] OR allerg*[tiab] OR Antibod*[tiab] OR Antigen*[tiab] OR Asthma[tiab] OR Autoimmun*[tiab] OR "cell-mediated response"[tiab] OR Histamin*[tiab] OR Hypersensitiv*[tiab] OR "Humoral Response"[tiab] OR immun* [tiab] OR Leukocyt*[tiab] OR Lymphocyt*[tiab] OR sensitisation[tiab] OR sensitization[tiab] OR "T cell*"[tiab] OR "B cell*"[tiab] OR "Natural killer cell*"[tiab] OR Monocyt*[tiab] OR Neutrophil*[tiab] OR Dendritic cell*[tiab] OR Macrophage*[tiab] OR "Aneugens"[Mesh] OR "Aneuploidy"[Mesh] OR "Apoptosis"[Mesh] OR "Cell Cycle"[Mesh] OR "Cell Hypoxia"[Mesh] OR "Cell line"[Mesh] OR "Cell Proliferation"[Mesh] OR "Cell Survival"[Mesh] OR "Chromosome Aberrations"[Mesh] OR "Chromosomes"[Mesh] OR "Comet Assay"[Mesh] OR "Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic"[Mesh] OR "Cytotoxicity, Immunologic"[Mesh] OR "DNA Adducts"[Mesh] OR "DNA Damage"[Mesh] OR "DNA Fragmentation"[Mesh] OR "Free Radicals"[Mesh] OR "Genomic Instability"[Mesh] OR "Homeostasis"[Mesh] OR "Mutagenesis"[Mesh] OR "Mutagenicity Tests"[Mesh] OR "Mutagens" [Pharmacological Action] OR "Mutagens"[Mesh] OR "Mutation"[Mesh] OR "Oxidative Stress"[Mesh] OR "Reactive Oxygen Species"[Mesh] OR "Sister Chromatid Exchange"[Mesh] OR ((Cell[tiab] OR cells[tiab] OR cellular[tiab]) AND (hypoxi*[tiab] OR homeosta*[tiab] OR impairment*[tiab] OR necro*[tiab] OR toxicity[tiab] OR prolifer*[tiab] OR grow*[tiab] OR survival[tiab])) OR ((DNA[tiab] OR gene*[tiab]) AND (deletion[tiab] OR mutation[tiab] OR adducts[tiab] OR binding[tiab] OR break*[tiab] OR fragment*[tiab] OR damage*[tiab] OR impair*[tiab] OR inhibit*[tiab] OR lesion*[tiab] OR injur*[tiab] OR repair*[tiab])) OR "AMES assay"[tiab] OR "AMES test*"[tiab] OR Aneugen*[tiab] OR Aneuploid*[tiab] OR Antioxid*[tiab] OR Apopto* [tiab] OR Catalase[tiab] OR Chromatid*[tiab] OR Chromosom*[tiab] OR Cytogen*[tiab] OR cytotox*[tiab] OR Clastogen*[tiab] OR "COMET assay"[tiab] OR "COMET test*"[tiab] OR "Genetic material*"[tiab] OR Genotox*[tiab] OR "Genomic instability"[tiab] OR "glutathione peroxidase"[tiab] OR Heterozyg*[tiab] OR "Micronucleus assay"[tiab] OR "Micronucleus test*"[tiab] OR Mitogen*[tiab] OR Mutagen*[tiab] OR Mutation*[tiab] OR Necros*[tiab] OR Oxidat*[tiab] OR Peroxid*[tiab] OR Polymorph*[tiab] OR Radical[tiab] OR Radicals[tiab] OR "Reactive oxygen species"[tiab] OR ROS[tiab] OR "Superoxide-dismutase"[tiab] OR Transgen*[tiab] OR "Inflammation"[Mesh] OR "Inflammation Mediators"[Mesh] OR Angiotensin*[tiab] OR Chemokin*[tiab] OR Cytokin*[tiab] OR Inflam*[tiab] OR Kinin*[tiab] OR Neuroinflam*[tiab] OR Proinflam*[tiab] OR "Pro-inflam*"[tiab] OR Thromboinflam*[tiab] OR "Angiogenesis Inducing Agents" [Pharmacological Action] OR "Angiogenesis Inducing Agents"[Mesh] OR "Carcinogenesis"[Mesh] OR "Carcinogenicity Tests"[Mesh] OR "Carcinogens"[Mesh] OR "Myelodysplastic-Myeloproliferative Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Neoplasms"[Mesh] OR Adenoca*[tiab] OR Angiogen*[tiab] OR Cancer*[tiab] OR Carcino*[tiab] OR Cocarcino*[tiab] OR Fibroma*[tiab] OR Hyperplas*[tiab] OR Leukemia[tiab] OR Lymphom*[tiab] OR Melano*[tiab] OR Metasta*[tiab] OR Myeloma*[tiab] OR Neoplas*[tiab] OR Precancer*[tiab] OR Oncogen*[tiab] OR Oncolog*[tiab] OR Osteoma*[tiab] OR Sarcoma*[tiab] OR Tumor*[tiab] OR Tumour*[tiab] OR "Embryonic Development"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Development"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Neurodevelopmental disorders"[Mesh] OR "Embryonic and Fetal Development"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Abortion, Spontaneous"[Mesh] OR "Abortion, Threatened"[Mesh] OR "Abortion, Veterinary"[Mesh] OR "Animals, Newborn"[Mesh] OR "Breast Feeding"[Mesh] OR "Congenital Abnormalities"[Mesh] OR "Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities"[Mesh] OR "Embryo, Mammalian"[Mesh] OR "Embryonic Structures"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Estrous Cycle"[Mesh] OR "Fertility"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Growth Retardation"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Organ Maturity"[Mesh] OR "Fetus"[Mesh] OR "Genitalia"[Mesh] OR "Growth and Development"[Mesh] OR "Infant, Newborn"[Mesh] OR "Infertility"[Mesh] OR "Lactation"[Mesh] OR "Milk, Human"[Mesh] OR "Menstrual Cycle"[Mesh] OR "Organogenesis"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Pregnancy Complications"[Mesh] OR "Pregnancy"[Mesh] OR "Prenatal Injuries"[Mesh] OR "Reproduction"[Mesh] OR "Reproductive Physiological Phenomena"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Spermatocytes"[Mesh] OR "Teratogenesis"[Mesh] OR "Teratogens"[Mesh] OR abort*[tiab] OR Breast*[tiab] OR Cervic*[tiab] OR Cervix[tiab] OR embryo*[tiab] OR Estrous[tiab] OR Estrus[tiab] OR fertility[tiab] OR Fetal*[tiab] OR fetotoxic*[tiab] OR fetus[tiab] OR Foetotoxic*[tiab] OR foetus[tiab] OR Foetal*[tiab] OR follicle*[tiab] OR genital*[tiab] OR gestat*[tiab] OR "Human milk*"[tiab] OR Infant*[tiab] OR infertil*[tiab] OR Lactating[tiab] OR Lactation*[tiab] OR Menstrua*[tiab] OR "New-born*"[tiab] OR newborn*[tiab] OR Oestrous[tiab] OR Oestrus[tiab] OR Ovar*[tiab] OR Parturition[tiab] OR Placent*[tiab] OR "post-partum"[tiab] OR postpartum[tiab] OR pregnanc*[tiab] OR premature[tiab] OR prenatal[tiab] OR Reproduct*[tiab] OR sperm*[tiab] OR teratogen*[tiab] OR Testes[tiab] OR Testic*[tiab] OR Testis[tiab] OR Uterin*[tiab] OR Uterus[tiab] OR Uteruses[tiab] OR Vagin*[tiab])) AND ("Animals, Laboratory"[Mesh] OR "Dogs"[Mesh] OR "Guinea Pigs"[Mesh:noExp] OR "Mice"[Mesh] OR "Primates"[Mesh:noExp] OR "Rabbits"[Mesh] OR "Rats"[Mesh] OR "Rodentia"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Swine"[Mesh] OR Dog[tiab] OR Dogs[tiab] OR "Laboratory animal*"[tiab] OR Mice[tiab] OR Monkey[tiab] OR Monkeys[tiab] OR Mouse[tiab] OR Pig[tiab] OR Pigs[tiab] OR Primate[tiab] OR Primates[tiab] OR Rabbit[tiab] OR Rabbits[tiab] OR Rat[tiab] OR Rats[tiab] OR Rodent*[tiab] OR Swine[tiab]) NOT Perfluor*[tiab]) AND (("2019/04/01"[Date - Publication] : "2024/01/24"[Date - Publication]))) AND (English[Language]) NOT ("sulfuryl fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "Sulfuryl fluoride*"[tiab] OR "sulfonyl fluoride*"[tiab] OR Vikane[tiab]).

Annex A to TOX/2026/12 - Fluoridation literature search proposal development

Key search 2F (retrospective, with NTP chemical terms)

In this guide

This is a paper for discussion. This does not represent the views of the Committee and should not be cited.

105.             ((((Fluorides[mh:noexp] OR fluorides, topical[mh] OR sodium fluoride[mh] OR Fluorosis, Dental[mh] OR fluorosis[tiab] OR fluorid*[tiab] OR flurid*[tiab] OR florin*[tiab]) NOT (18F[tiab] OR f-18[tiab] OR 19F[tiab] OR f-19[tiab] OR f-labeled[tiab] OR "fluorine-18"[tiab] OR "fluorine-19"[tiab] OR pet-scan[tiab] OR radioligand*[tiab] OR "Fluorides"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Fluorides, Topical"[Mesh] OR "Sodium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "Calcium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "sulfuryl fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicic acid" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicate" [Supplementary Concept] OR "potassium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "ammonium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "boron trifluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR Fluoride[tiab] OR Fluorides[tiab] OR "16984-48-8"[tiab] OR 16984488[tiab] OR "Fluoride ion"[tiab] OR "Sulfuryl fluoride"[tiab] OR "sulfonyl fluoride"[tiab] OR Vikane[tiab] OR "Fluorosilicic acid"[tiab] OR hydrofluorosilicate[tiab] OR "Sodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "disodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "sodium fluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "Sodium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Potassium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Calcium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Ammonium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR "Diethyl ether-boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR (organopolysiloxanes[tiab] AND "fluorinated group*"[tiab])) AND ("Liver Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Liver"[Mesh] OR "Kidney Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Kidney"[Mesh] OR "Creatinine"[Mesh] OR "Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury"[Mesh] OR "Gastrointestinal Tract"[Mesh] OR "Urinary Bladder"[Mesh] OR "Urinary Tract"[Mesh] OR "Urologic Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Pancreas"[Mesh] OR "Spleen"[Mesh] OR Hepat*[tiab] OR liver*[tiab] OR hepatotox*[tiab] OR creatinine*[tiab] OR gamma-glutamyl*[tiab] OR transaminase*[tiab] OR aminotransferase*[tiab] OR kidney*[tiab] OR nephrotox*[tiab] OR renal[tiab] OR Bowel*[tiab] OR gastrointestinal*[tiab] OR Gut[tiab] OR Guts[tiab] OR Intestinal*[tiab] OR Urin*[tiab] OR Urogenital*[tiab] OR Pancrea*[tiab] OR Spleen[tiab] OR "Respiratory System"[Mesh] OR Alveol*[tiab] OR Bronch*[tiab] OR Laryn*[tiab] OR Lung*[tiab] OR Mucocil*[tiab] OR Nasal*[tiab] OR Naso*[tiab] OR Nose[tiab] OR Noses[tiab] OR Pharyn*[tiab] OR Pulmon*[tiab] OR "Respiratory system"[tiab] OR Rhino*[tiab] OR Trache*[tiab] OR "Attention"[Mesh] OR "Brain"[Mesh] OR "Brain/growth and development"[Mesh] OR "Cognition Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Cognition"[Mesh] OR "Dementia"[Mesh] OR "Intelligence Tests"[Mesh] OR "Intelligence"[Mesh] OR "Learning Disabilities"[Mesh] OR "Learning"[Mesh] OR "Memory and Learning Tests"[Mesh] OR "Memory Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Memory"[Mesh] OR "Nervous System Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Nervous System"[Mesh] OR "Neurobehavioral Manifestations"[Mesh] OR "Neurocognitive Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Neurodevelopmental disorders"[Mesh] OR "Neurotoxicity Syndromes"[Mesh] OR ((Attention[tiab] OR Behav*[tiab] OR Brain[tiab] OR Brains[tiab] OR cognit*[tiab] OR Coordination[tiab] OR develop*[tiab] OR neur*[tiab] OR nervous[tiab] OR mental[tiab]) AND (deficit*[tiab] OR diagnosis[tiab] OR diagnoses[tiab] OR disease*[tiab] OR disorder*[tiab] OR dysfunction*[tiab] OR impair*[tiab] OR manifestation*[tiab] OR problem*[tiab] OR retard*[tiab] OR syndrome*[tiab] OR patholog*[tiab])) OR (DNT[tiab] NOT dinitrotoluene[tiab]) OR "barnes maze"[tiab] OR "Biel Maze"[tiab] OR "Charcot-Marie-Tooth"[tiab] OR "Cincinnati Maze"[tiab] OR "Contextual Fear"[tiab] OR "developmental period*"[tiab] OR "Guillain-Barre syndrome"[tiab] OR "IQ-test*"[tiab] OR "Long term potentiation*"[tiab] OR "maze-test*"[tiab] OR "mental-recall*"[tiab] OR "Morris water maze"[tiab] OR "nerve-transmi*"[tiab] OR "Nervous system"[tiab] OR "Neuro-development*"[tiab] OR "Neuro-genes*"[tiab] OR "neuronal-transmi*"[tiab] OR "neuro-transm*"[tiab] OR "Novel Object recognition"[tiab] OR "passive avoidance"[tiab] OR "presynaptic-terminal*"[tiab] OR "radial arm maze"[tiab] OR "Rey Osterieth Complex Figure"[tiab] OR "rheumatoid arthritis"[tiab] OR "scholastic-achievement*"[tiab] OR "Sjogren's syndrome"[tiab] OR "spontaneous alternation"[tiab] OR "Synaptic circuit*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic dysfunction*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic impair*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic net"[tiab] OR "Synaptic nets"[tiab] OR "Synaptic network*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic plasticity"[tiab] OR "synaptic-neurotransmi*"[tiab] OR "synaptic-transmi*"[tiab] OR "trace fear"[tiab] OR Alzheimer*[tiab] OR Amnesia[tiab] OR behav*[tiab] OR Cerebell*[tiab] OR Cerebr*[tiab] OR Cortex[tiab] OR CVMT[tiab] OR Dementia[tiab] OR Hippocam*[tiab] OR intelligence[tiab] OR learn*[tiab] OR Locomot*[tiab] OR memory[tiab] OR Neocortex[tiab] OR Neuroanatom*[tiab] OR Neurobehav*[tiab] OR Neurocognit*[tiab] OR Neurodevelop*[tiab] OR Neurodevelopment*[tiab] OR Neurogenes*[tiab] OR Neuropath*[tiab] OR Neurotox*[tiab] OR neurotransmi*[tiab] OR "Fluorosis, Dental"[Mesh] OR "Tooth Diseases"[Mesh:NoExp] OR Fluoros*[tiab] OR "Dental diseas*"[tiab] OR "Mottled Enamel*"[tiab] OR "Skeletal diseas*"[tiab] OR "Tooth diseas*"[tiab] OR "Teeth diseas*"[tiab] OR "abnormalities"[Subheading] OR "adverse effects" [Subheading] OR "Chemically-Induced Disorders"[Mesh] OR "complications" [Subheading] OR "injuries" [Subheading] OR "Long Term Adverse Effects"[Mesh] OR "pathogenicity" [Subheading] OR "Toxicity Tests"[Mesh] OR "toxicity" [Subheading] OR "Toxicological Phenomena"[Mesh] OR ((adverse[tiab] OR chronic[tiab] OR fatal[tiab] OR harmful*[tiab] OR negative[tiab] OR serious[tiab] OR side[tiab] OR Subchronic[tiab] OR undesirable[tiab]) AND (effect*[tiab] OR event*[tiab] OR outcome*[tiab] OR reaction*[tiab])) OR Abnormal*[tiab] OR Anomal*[tiab] OR "Benchmark dose"[tiab] OR "Benchmark doses"[tiab] OR BMD[tiab] OR BMDL[tiab] OR Complication*[tiab] OR Deficien*[tiab] OR Deleterious[tiab] OR "Dose effect"[tiab] OR "Dose response"[tiab] OR Hazard*[tiab] OR injurious[tiab] OR Intox*[tiab] OR LOEL[tiab] OR LOAEL[tiab] OR "Lowest Observable Adverse effect level*"[tiab] OR "Lowest Observed Adverse effect level*"[tiab] OR Malformation*[tiab] OR NOAEL[tiab] OR NOAELs[tiab] OR NOEL[tiab] OR NOELs[tiab] OR "No Observable Adverse Effect Level*"[tiab] OR "No Observed Adverse Effect Level*"[tiab] OR "No Observed Effect Level*"[tiab] OR Pathogenic*[tiab] OR Patholog*[tiab] OR Physiopatholog*[tiab] OR Toxic*[tiab] OR Unhealth*[tiab] OR Unsafe[tiab] OR "Allergens"[Mesh] OR "Allergy and Immunology"[Mesh] OR "Asthma"[Mesh] OR "Hypersensitivity"[Mesh] OR "Immune System"[Mesh] OR "Immune System Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Immune System Phenomena"[Mesh] OR "Immunomodulation"[Mesh] OR "Immunologic Factors"[Mesh] OR allerg*[tiab] OR Antibod*[tiab] OR Antigen*[tiab] OR Asthma[tiab] OR Autoimmun*[tiab] OR "cell-mediated response"[tiab] OR Histamin*[tiab] OR Hypersensitiv*[tiab] OR "Humoral Response"[tiab] OR immun* [tiab] OR Leukocyt*[tiab] OR Lymphocyt*[tiab] OR sensitisation[tiab] OR sensitization[tiab] OR "T cell*"[tiab] OR "B cell*"[tiab] OR "Natural killer cell*"[tiab] OR Monocyt*[tiab] OR Neutrophil*[tiab] OR Dendritic cell*[tiab] OR Macrophage*[tiab] OR "Aneugens"[Mesh] OR "Aneuploidy"[Mesh] OR "Apoptosis"[Mesh] OR "Cell Cycle"[Mesh] OR "Cell Hypoxia"[Mesh] OR "Cell line"[Mesh] OR "Cell Proliferation"[Mesh] OR "Cell Survival"[Mesh] OR "Chromosome Aberrations"[Mesh] OR "Chromosomes"[Mesh] OR "Comet Assay"[Mesh] OR "Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic"[Mesh] OR "Cytotoxicity, Immunologic"[Mesh] OR "DNA Adducts"[Mesh] OR "DNA Damage"[Mesh] OR "DNA Fragmentation"[Mesh] OR "Free Radicals"[Mesh] OR "Genomic Instability"[Mesh] OR "Homeostasis"[Mesh] OR "Mutagenesis"[Mesh] OR "Mutagenicity Tests"[Mesh] OR "Mutagens" [Pharmacological Action] OR "Mutagens"[Mesh] OR "Mutation"[Mesh] OR "Oxidative Stress"[Mesh] OR "Reactive Oxygen Species"[Mesh] OR "Sister Chromatid Exchange"[Mesh] OR ((Cell[tiab] OR cells[tiab] OR cellular[tiab]) AND (hypoxi*[tiab] OR homeosta*[tiab] OR impairment*[tiab] OR necro*[tiab] OR toxicity[tiab] OR prolifer*[tiab] OR grow*[tiab] OR survival[tiab])) OR ((DNA[tiab] OR gene*[tiab]) AND (deletion[tiab] OR mutation[tiab] OR adducts[tiab] OR binding[tiab] OR break*[tiab] OR fragment*[tiab] OR damage*[tiab] OR impair*[tiab] OR inhibit*[tiab] OR lesion*[tiab] OR injur*[tiab] OR repair*[tiab])) OR "AMES assay"[tiab] OR "AMES test*"[tiab] OR Aneugen*[tiab] OR Aneuploid*[tiab] OR Antioxid*[tiab] OR Apopto* [tiab] OR Catalase[tiab] OR Chromatid*[tiab] OR Chromosom*[tiab] OR Cytogen*[tiab] OR cytotox*[tiab] OR Clastogen*[tiab] OR "COMET assay"[tiab] OR "COMET test*"[tiab] OR "Genetic material*"[tiab] OR Genotox*[tiab] OR "Genomic instability"[tiab] OR "glutathione peroxidase"[tiab] OR Heterozyg*[tiab] OR "Micronucleus assay"[tiab] OR "Micronucleus test*"[tiab] OR Mitogen*[tiab] OR Mutagen*[tiab] OR Mutation*[tiab] OR Necros*[tiab] OR Oxidat*[tiab] OR Peroxid*[tiab] OR Polymorph*[tiab] OR Radical[tiab] OR Radicals[tiab] OR "Reactive oxygen species"[tiab] OR ROS[tiab] OR "Superoxide-dismutase"[tiab] OR Transgen*[tiab] OR "Inflammation"[Mesh] OR "Inflammation Mediators"[Mesh] OR Angiotensin*[tiab] OR Chemokin*[tiab] OR Cytokin*[tiab] OR Inflam*[tiab] OR Kinin*[tiab] OR Neuroinflam*[tiab] OR Proinflam*[tiab] OR "Pro-inflam*"[tiab] OR Thromboinflam*[tiab] OR "Angiogenesis Inducing Agents" [Pharmacological Action] OR "Angiogenesis Inducing Agents"[Mesh] OR "Carcinogenesis"[Mesh] OR "Carcinogenicity Tests"[Mesh] OR "Carcinogens"[Mesh] OR "Myelodysplastic-Myeloproliferative Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Neoplasms"[Mesh] OR Adenoca*[tiab] OR Angiogen*[tiab] OR Cancer*[tiab] OR Carcino*[tiab] OR Cocarcino*[tiab] OR Fibroma*[tiab] OR Hyperplas*[tiab] OR Leukemia[tiab] OR Lymphom*[tiab] OR Melano*[tiab] OR Metasta*[tiab] OR Myeloma*[tiab] OR Neoplas*[tiab] OR Precancer*[tiab] OR Oncogen*[tiab] OR Oncolog*[tiab] OR Osteoma*[tiab] OR Sarcoma*[tiab] OR Tumor*[tiab] OR Tumour*[tiab] OR "Embryonic Development"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Development"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Neurodevelopmental disorders"[Mesh] OR "Embryonic and Fetal Development"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Abortion, Spontaneous"[Mesh] OR "Abortion, Threatened"[Mesh] OR "Abortion, Veterinary"[Mesh] OR "Animals, Newborn"[Mesh] OR "Breast Feeding"[Mesh] OR "Congenital Abnormalities"[Mesh] OR "Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities"[Mesh] OR "Embryo, Mammalian"[Mesh] OR "Embryonic Structures"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Estrous Cycle"[Mesh] OR "Fertility"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Growth Retardation"[Mesh] OR "Fetal Organ Maturity"[Mesh] OR "Fetus"[Mesh] OR "Genitalia"[Mesh] OR "Growth and Development"[Mesh] OR "Infant, Newborn"[Mesh] OR "Infertility"[Mesh] OR "Lactation"[Mesh] OR "Milk, Human"[Mesh] OR "Menstrual Cycle"[Mesh] OR "Organogenesis"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Pregnancy Complications"[Mesh] OR "Pregnancy"[Mesh] OR "Prenatal Injuries"[Mesh] OR "Reproduction"[Mesh] OR "Reproductive Physiological Phenomena"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Spermatocytes"[Mesh] OR "Teratogenesis"[Mesh] OR "Teratogens"[Mesh] OR abort*[tiab] OR Breast*[tiab] OR Cervic*[tiab] OR Cervix[tiab] OR embryo*[tiab] OR Estrous[tiab] OR Estrus[tiab] OR fertility[tiab] OR Fetal*[tiab] OR fetotoxic*[tiab] OR fetus[tiab] OR Foetotoxic*[tiab] OR foetus[tiab] OR Foetal*[tiab] OR follicle*[tiab] OR genital*[tiab] OR gestat*[tiab] OR "Human milk*"[tiab] OR Infant*[tiab] OR infertil*[tiab] OR Lactating[tiab] OR Lactation*[tiab] OR Menstrua*[tiab] OR "New-born*"[tiab] OR newborn*[tiab] OR Oestrous[tiab] OR Oestrus[tiab] OR Ovar*[tiab] OR Parturition[tiab] OR Placent*[tiab] OR "post-partum"[tiab] OR postpartum[tiab] OR pregnanc*[tiab] OR premature[tiab] OR prenatal[tiab] OR Reproduct*[tiab] OR sperm*[tiab] OR teratogen*[tiab] OR Testes[tiab] OR Testic*[tiab] OR Testis[tiab] OR Uterin*[tiab] OR Uterus[tiab] OR Uteruses[tiab] OR Vagin*[tiab])) AND ("Animals, Laboratory"[Mesh] OR "Dogs"[Mesh] OR "Guinea Pigs"[Mesh:noExp] OR "Mice"[Mesh] OR "Primates"[Mesh:noExp] OR "Rabbits"[Mesh] OR "Rats"[Mesh] OR "Rodentia"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Swine"[Mesh] OR Dog[tiab] OR Dogs[tiab] OR "Laboratory animal*"[tiab] OR Mice[tiab] OR Monkey[tiab] OR Monkeys[tiab] OR Mouse[tiab] OR Pig[tiab] OR Pigs[tiab] OR Primate[tiab] OR Primates[tiab] OR Rabbit[tiab] OR Rabbits[tiab] OR Rat[tiab] OR Rats[tiab] OR Rodent*[tiab] OR Swine[tiab]) NOT Perfluor*[tiab]) AND (("2019/04/01"[Date - Publication] : "2024/01/24"[Date - Publication]))) AND (English[Language]) NOT ("sulfuryl fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "Sulfuryl fluoride*"[tiab] OR "sulfonyl fluoride*"[tiab] OR Vikane[tiab]).

Annex A to TOX/2026/12 - Fluoridation literature search proposal development

Key search 3A - Targeted search on effects on thyroid and exposure during pregnancy (PubMed)

In this guide

This is a paper for discussion. This does not represent the views of the Committee and should not be cited.

106.             ((("Fluorides"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Fluorides, Topical"[Mesh] OR "Sodium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "Calcium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "sulfuryl fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicic acid" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicate" [Supplementary Concept] OR "potassium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "ammonium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "boron trifluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR Fluoride[tiab] OR Fluorides[tiab] OR "16984-48-8"[tiab] OR 16984488[tiab] OR "Fluoride ion"[tiab] OR "Sulfuryl fluoride"[tiab] OR "sulfonyl fluoride"[tiab] OR Vikane[tiab] OR "Fluorosilicic acid"[tiab] OR hydrofluorosilicate[tiab] OR "Sodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "disodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "sodium fluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "Sodium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Potassium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Calcium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Ammonium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR "Diethyl ether-boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR (organopolysiloxanes[tiab] AND "fluorinated group*"[tiab])) AND ("Attention"[Mesh] OR "Brain"[Mesh] OR "Brain/growth and development"[Mesh] OR "Cognition Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Cognition"[Mesh] OR "Dementia"[Mesh] OR "Intelligence Tests"[Mesh] OR "Intelligence"[Mesh] OR "Learning Disabilities"[Mesh] OR "Learning"[Mesh] OR "Memory and Learning Tests"[Mesh] OR "Memory Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Memory"[Mesh] OR "Nervous System Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Nervous System"[Mesh] OR "Neurobehavioral Manifestations"[Mesh] OR "Neurocognitive Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Neurodevelopmental disorders"[Mesh] OR "Neurotoxicity Syndromes"[Mesh] OR ((Attention[tiab] OR Behav*[tiab] OR Brain[tiab] OR Brains[tiab] OR cognit*[tiab] OR Coordination[tiab] OR develop*[tiab] OR neur*[tiab] OR nervous[tiab] OR mental[tiab]) AND (deficit*[tiab] OR diagnosis[tiab] OR diagnoses[tiab] OR disease*[tiab] OR disorder*[tiab] OR dysfunction*[tiab] OR impair*[tiab] OR manifestation*[tiab] OR problem*[tiab] OR retard*[tiab] OR syndrome*[tiab] OR patholog*[tiab])) OR (DNT[tiab] NOT dinitrotoluene[tiab]) OR "barnes maze"[tiab] OR "Biel Maze"[tiab] OR "Charcot-Marie-Tooth"[tiab] OR "Cincinnati Maze"[tiab] OR "Contextual Fear"[tiab] OR "developmental period*"[tiab] OR "Guillain-Barre syndrome"[tiab] OR "IQtest*"[tiab] OR "Long term potentiation*"[tiab] OR "mazetest*"[tiab] OR "mental-recall*"[tiab] OR "Morris water maze"[tiab] OR "nerve-transmi*"[tiab] OR "Nervous system"[tiab] OR "Neuro-development*"[tiab] OR "Neurogenes*"[tiab] OR "neuronal-transmi*"[tiab] OR "neurotransm*"[tiab] OR "Novel Object recognition"[tiab] OR "passive avoidance"[tiab] OR "presynaptic-terminal*"[tiab] OR "radial arm maze"[tiab] OR "Rey Osterieth Complex Figure"[tiab] OR "rheumatoid arthritis"[tiab] OR "scholastic-achievement*"[tiab] OR "Sjogren's syndrome"[tiab] OR "spontaneous alternation"[tiab] OR "Synaptic circuit*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic dysfunction*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic impair*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic net"[tiab] OR "Synaptic nets"[tiab] OR "Synaptic network*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic plasticity"[tiab] OR "synaptic-neurotransmi*"[tiab] OR "synaptic-transmi*"[tiab] OR "trace fear"[tiab] OR Alzheimer*[tiab] OR Amnesia[tiab] OR behav*[tiab] OR Cerebell*[tiab] OR Cerebr*[tiab] OR Cortex[tiab] OR CVMT[tiab] OR Dementia[tiab] OR Hippocam*[tiab] OR intelligence[tiab] OR learn*[tiab] OR Locomot*[tiab] OR memory[tiab] OR Neocortex[tiab] OR Neuroanatom*[tiab] OR Neurobehav*[tiab] OR Neurocognit*[tiab] OR Neurodevelop*[tiab] OR Neurodevelopment*[tiab] OR Neurogenes*[tiab] OR Neuropath*[tiab] OR Neurotox*[tiab] OR neurotransmi*[tiab]) AND (((Aged[tiab] OR Baby[tiab] OR Babies[tiab] OR Boy[tiab] OR Boys[tiab] OR Child*[tiab] OR cohort[tiab] OR cohorts [tiab] OR Elder*[tiab] OR Girl[tiab] OR Girls[tiab] OR Human*[tiab] OR "in vivo"[tiab] OR Inpatient*[tiab] OR Man[tiab] OR Men[tiab] OR "middle age"[tiab] OR Newborn*[tiab] OR "new born*"[tiab] OR Outpatient*[tiab] OR Participant*[tiab] OR Patient*[tiab] OR Pediatric*[tiab] OR Paediatric*[tiab] OR Person*[tiab] OR People[tiab] OR Preschool*[tiab] OR "Research subject"[tiab] OR "pre-school"[tiab] OR Schoolchild*[tiab] OR Seniors[tiab] OR Student*[tiab] OR Teen[tiab] OR Teenager*[tiab] OR Teens[tiab] OR Toddler*[tiab] OR Volunteer*[tiab] OR Woman[tiab] OR Women[tiab]) NOT medline[sb]) OR "Humans"[Mesh]) NOT (((Cavia[ti] OR Cricetinae[ti] OR Cricetus[ti] OR "guinea pig"[ti] OR "guinea pigs"[ti] OR Hamster[ti] OR Mice[ti] OR Mouse[ti] OR Muridae[ti] OR Murinae[ti] OR Murine[ti] OR Mus[ti] OR Rat[ti] OR Rats[ti] OR Rattus[ti] OR Rodent*[ti] OR Felis[ti] OR Cat[ti] OR Cats[ti] OR Catus[ti] OR Dog[ti] OR Dogs[ti] OR Canine[ti] OR Canines[ti] OR Canis[ti] OR Mink[ti] OR Minks[ti] OR Mustela*[ti] OR Pig[ti] OR Pigs[ti] OR Swine[ti] OR "sus scrofa"[ti] OR "sus domestica"[ti] OR "sus domesticus"[ti] OR pork[ti] OR porks[ti] OR porcine[ti] OR suidae[ti] OR "sow"[ti] OR "sows"[ti] OR barrow[ti] OR boar[ti] OR boars[ti] OR hog[ti] OR hogs[ti] OR gilt[ti] OR gilts[ti] OR Piglet*[ti] OR Monkey[ti] OR Monkeys[ti] OR Nomascus[ti] OR primate[ti] OR animal*[ti] OR ruminant[ti] OR livestock[ti] OR ruminants[ti] OR cattle[ti] OR heifer[ti] OR bullock[ti] OR steer[ti] OR steers[ti] OR ox[ti] OR oxen[ti] OR "Bos Taurus"[ti] OR "dairy herd*"[ti] OR "dairy breed*"[ti] OR weaner[ti] OR yearling[ti] OR stirk[ti] OR stirks[ti] OR springer[ti] OR beef[ti] OR veal[ti] OR veals[ti] OR feeder[ti] OR cow[ti] OR cows[ti] OR bovin*[ti] OR sheep[ti] OR ovis[ti] OR ovine[ti] OR ewe[ti] OR ewes[ti] OR lamb[ti] OR lambs[ti] OR mouflon[ti] OR hogget[ti] OR ram[ti] OR rams[ti] OR tup[ti] OR tups[ti] OR capra[ti] OR capras[ti] OR caprin[ti] OR buck[ti] OR bucks[ti] OR geep[ti] OR geeps[ti] OR dam[ti] OR dams[ti] OR wether[ti] OR wethers [ti] OR goat[ti] OR goats[ti] OR buffalo[ti] OR buffaloes[ti] OR swine[ti] OR pig[ti] OR pigs[ti] OR poultry[ti] OR poultries[ti] OR fowl[ti] OR fowls[ti] OR galliform[ti] OR wildfowl[ti] OR wildfowls[ti] OR "gallinaceous bird"[ti] OR landfowl[ti] OR landfowls[ti] OR Gallus[ti] OR broiler*[ti] OR capon[ti] OR capons[ti] OR cockerel*[ti] OR hen[ti] OR hens[ti] OR pullet[ti] OR pullets[ti] OR rooster[ti] OR roosters[ti] OR waterfowl[ti] OR waterfowls[ti] OR anatidae[ti] OR mallard[ti] OR "Anas platyrhynchos"[ti] OR anser[ti] OR branta[ti] OR coturnix[ti] OR meleagris[ti] OR pigeon*[ti] OR dove[ti] OR doves[ti] OR columb[ti] OR ostrich[ti] OR ostriches[ti] OR Struthio[ti] OR chicken[ti] OR chickens[ti] OR turkey[ti] OR turkeys[ti] OR duck[ti] OR ducks[ti] OR quail[ti] OR quails[ti] OR goose[ti] OR geese[ti] OR aquatic[ti] OR fish[ti] OR fishes[ti] OR pisces[ti] OR catfish[ti] OR perch[ti] OR percidae[ti] OR perca[ti] OR char[ti] OR salvelinus[ti] OR minnow[ti] OR cyprinidae[ti] OR medaka[ti] OR stickleback[ti] OR chiron[ti] OR sediment[ti] OR dwell[ti] OR marin[ti] OR estuarine[ti] OR cursta[ti] OR gastropod[ti] OR mollusc[ti] OR trout[ti] OR trouts[ti] OR salmon[ti] OR salmons[ti] OR "sea bream"[ti] OR seabream[ti] OR "sea bass"[ti] OR seabass[ti] OR turbot[ti] OR carp[ti] OR sturgeon[ti] OR eel[ti] OR eels[ti] OR tilapia[ti] OR cod[ti] OR halibut[ti] OR cobia[ti] OR "milk fish"[ti] OR tuna[ti] OR "tuna fish*"[ti] OR tunafish[ti] OR horse[ti] OR equidae[ti] OR equus[ti] OR equine*[ti] OR colt[ti] OR colts[ti] OR foal[ti] OR foals[ti] OR yearling[ti] OR gelding[ti] OR mare[ti] OR mares[ti] OR pony[ti] OR ponies[ti] OR stallion[ti] OR horses[ti] OR rabbit[ti] OR rabbits[ti] OR lagomorpha[ti] OR hare[ti] OR hares[ti]) NOT medline[sb]))) NOT Perfluor*[tiab]) AND ("2024/01/11"[Date - Publication] : "2026/02/03"[Date - Publication]) AND (English[Language]).

Annex A to TOX/2026/12 - Fluoridation literature search proposal development

Key search 3B (with NTP neurotoxicity terms)

In this guide

This is a paper for discussion. This does not represent the views of the Committee and should not be cited.

107.             ((("Fluorides"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Fluorides, Topical"[Mesh] OR "Sodium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "Calcium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "sulfuryl fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicic acid" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicate" [Supplementary Concept] OR "potassium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "ammonium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "boron trifluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR Fluoride[tiab] OR Fluorides[tiab] OR "16984-48-8"[tiab] OR 16984488[tiab] OR "Fluoride ion"[tiab] OR "Sulfuryl fluoride"[tiab] OR "sulfonyl fluoride"[tiab] OR Vikane[tiab] OR "Fluorosilicic acid"[tiab] OR hydrofluorosilicate[tiab] OR "Sodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "disodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "sodium fluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "Sodium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Potassium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Calcium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Ammonium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR "Diethyl ether-boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR (organopolysiloxanes[tiab] AND "fluorinated group*"[tiab])) AND ("Attention"[Mesh] OR "Brain"[Mesh] OR "Brain/growth and development"[Mesh] OR "Cognition Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Cognition"[Mesh] OR "Dementia"[Mesh] OR "Intelligence Tests"[Mesh] OR "Intelligence"[Mesh] OR "Learning Disabilities"[Mesh] OR "Learning"[Mesh] OR "Memory and Learning Tests"[Mesh] OR "Memory Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Memory"[Mesh] OR "Nervous System Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Nervous System"[Mesh] OR "Neurobehavioral Manifestations"[Mesh] OR "Neurocognitive Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Neurodevelopmental disorders"[Mesh] OR "Neurotoxicity Syndromes"[Mesh] OR ((Attention[tiab] OR Behav*[tiab] OR Brain[tiab] OR Brains[tiab] OR cognit*[tiab] OR Coordination[tiab] OR develop*[tiab] OR neur*[tiab] OR nervous[tiab] OR mental[tiab]) AND (deficit*[tiab] OR diagnosis[tiab] OR diagnoses[tiab] OR disease*[tiab] OR disorder*[tiab] OR dysfunction*[tiab] OR impair*[tiab] OR manifestation*[tiab] OR problem*[tiab] OR retard*[tiab] OR syndrome*[tiab] OR patholog*[tiab])) OR (DNT[tiab] NOT dinitrotoluene[tiab]) OR "barnes maze"[tiab] OR "Biel Maze"[tiab] OR "Charcot-Marie-Tooth"[tiab] OR "Cincinnati Maze"[tiab] OR "Contextual Fear"[tiab] OR "developmental period*"[tiab] OR "Guillain-Barre syndrome"[tiab] OR "IQtest*"[tiab] OR "Long term potentiation*"[tiab] OR "mazetest*"[tiab] OR "mental-recall*"[tiab] OR "Morris water maze"[tiab] OR "nerve-transmi*"[tiab] OR "Nervous system"[tiab] OR "Neuro-development*"[tiab] OR "Neurogenes*"[tiab] OR "neuronal-transmi*"[tiab] OR "neurotransm*"[tiab] OR "Novel Object recognition"[tiab] OR "passive avoidance"[tiab] OR "presynaptic-terminal*"[tiab] OR "radial arm maze"[tiab] OR "Rey Osterieth Complex Figure"[tiab] OR "rheumatoid arthritis"[tiab] OR "scholastic-achievement*"[tiab] OR "Sjogren's syndrome"[tiab] OR "spontaneous alternation"[tiab] OR "Synaptic circuit*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic dysfunction*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic impair*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic net"[tiab] OR "Synaptic nets"[tiab] OR "Synaptic network*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic plasticity"[tiab] OR "synaptic-neurotransmi*"[tiab] OR "synaptic-transmi*"[tiab] OR "trace fear"[tiab] OR Alzheimer*[tiab] OR Amnesia[tiab] OR behav*[tiab] OR Cerebell*[tiab] OR Cerebr*[tiab] OR Cortex[tiab] OR CVMT[tiab] OR Dementia[tiab] OR Hippocam*[tiab] OR intelligence[tiab] OR learn*[tiab] OR Locomot*[tiab] OR memory[tiab] OR Neocortex[tiab] OR Neuroanatom*[tiab] OR Neurobehav*[tiab] OR Neurocognit*[tiab] OR Neurodevelop*[tiab] OR Neurodevelopment*[tiab] OR Neurogenes*[tiab] OR Neuropath*[tiab] OR Neurotox*[tiab] OR neurotransmi*[tiab] OR (((Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases[mh] OR Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator[mh] OR Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms[mh] OR Gene Expression Regulation[mh] OR Glucuronosyltransferase[mh] OR Intelligence tests[mh] OR Malate Dehydrogenase[mh] OR Mediator Complex Subunit 1[mh] OR Mental disorders[mh] OR Mental processes[mh] OR Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters[mh] OR Myelin Basic Protein[mh] OR nervous system[mh] OR nervous system diseases[mh] OR nervous system physiological phenomena[mh] OR Neurogranin[mh] OR Oligodendroglia[mh] OR Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors[mh] OR Psychological Phenomena and Processes[mh] OR Receptors, thyroid hormone[mh] OR Receptors, thyrotropin[mh] OR Retinoid X Receptors[mh] OR thyroid diseases[mh] OR thyroid hormones[mh] OR Thyrotropinreleasing hormone[mh] OR Thyroxine-Binding Proteins[mh] OR Pregnane X Receptor[supplementary concept] OR thyroid-hormone-receptor interacting protein[supplementary concept] OR Constitutive androstane receptor[supplementary concept] OR Academic performance[tiab] OR auditory[tiab] OR cortical[tiab] OR delayed development[tiab] OR developmental impairment[tiab] OR developmentaldelay*[tiab] OR developmental-disorder*[tiab] OR euthyroid[tiab] OR gait[tiab] OR glia*[tiab] OR gliogenesis[tiab] OR hyperactiv*[tiab] OR impulse-control[tiab] OR iodide peroxidase[tiab] OR IQ[tiab] OR ischemi*[tiab] OR locomotor[tiab] OR mental deficiency[tiab] OR mental development[tiab] OR mental illness[tiab] OR mental-deficit[tiab] OR mobility[tiab] OR mood[tiab] OR morris-maze[tiab] OR morris-water[tiab] OR motor abilit*[tiab] OR Motor activities[tiab] OR motor performance[tiab] OR nerve[tiab] OR neural[tiab] OR neurobehav*[tiab] OR Neurocognitive impairment[tiab] OR neurodegenerat*[tiab] OR Neurodevelopment*[tiab] OR neurodisease*[tiab] OR neurologic*[tiab] OR neuromuscular[tiab] OR neuron*[tiab] OR neuropath*[tiab] OR obsessive compulsive[tiab] OR OCD[tiab] OR olfaction[tiab] OR olfactory[tiab] OR open-field-test[tiab] OR passive avoidance[tiab] OR plasticity[tiab] OR senil*[tiab] OR sociab*[tiab] OR speech*[tiab] OR spelling[tiab] OR stereotypic-movement*[tiab] OR synap*[tiab] OR tauopath*[tiab] OR Thyroglobulin[tiab] OR Thyroid disease*[tiab] OR thyroid gland[tiab] OR thyroid hormone*[tiab] OR thyronine*[tiab] OR visual motor[tiab] OR Visuospatial processing[tiab] OR water maze[tiab]) OR (active-avoidance[tiab] OR ADHD[tiab] OR alzheimer*[tiab] OR amygdala[tiab] OR antisocial[tiab] OR anxiety[tiab] OR anxious[tiab] OR asperger*[tiab] OR attention deficit[tiab] OR autism[tiab] OR autistic[tiab] OR behavioral[tiab] OR behaviors[tiab] OR behavioural[tiab] OR behaviours[tiab] OR bipolar[tiab] OR cerebellum[tiab] OR cognition[tiab] OR cognitive[tiab] OR communicationdisorder*[tiab] OR comprehension[tiab] OR cranial[tiab] OR dementia[tiab] OR dendrit*[tiab] OR dentate-gyrus[tiab] OR depression[tiab] OR dextrothyroxine[tiab] OR diiodothyronine*[tiab] OR diiodotyrosine[tiab] OR down syndrome[tiab] OR dyslexia[tiab] OR entorhinal cortex[tiab] OR epilep*[tiab] OR gangli*[tiab] OR goiter[tiab] OR graves-disease[tiab] OR hearing[tiab] OR hippocamp*[tiab] OR human development[tiab] OR hyperthyroid*[tiab] OR hypothalam*[tiab] OR hypothyroid*[tiab] OR impulsiv*[tiab] OR Intellectual disability[tiab] OR intelligence[tiab] OR language[tiab] OR learning[tiab] OR lewy bod*[tiab] OR long-term potentiation[tiab] OR long-term synaptic depression[tiab] OR memory[tiab] OR mental disorder*[tiab] OR mental recall[tiab] OR monoiodotyrosine[tiab] OR Motor activity[tiab] OR motor skill*[tiab] OR multiple sclerosis[tiab] OR myxedema[tiab] OR Nervous system[tiab] OR nervous-system[tiab] OR neurit*[tiab] OR optic[tiab] OR palsy[tiab] OR panic[tiab] OR parahippocamp*[tiab] OR paranoia[tiab] OR paranoid[tiab] OR parkinson*[tiab] OR perception[tiab] OR perforant*[tiab] OR personality[tiab] OR phobia[tiab] OR problem solving[tiab] OR proprioception[tiab] OR psychomotor[tiab] OR reflex[tiab] OR risk taking[tiab] OR schizophrenia[tiab] OR seizure*[tiab] OR sensation*[tiab] OR sleep[tiab] OR smell[tiab] OR spatial behavior[tiab] OR stroke[tiab] OR substantia-nigra[tiab] OR taste[tiab] OR thyroiditis[tiab] OR thyrotoxicosis[tiab] OR Thyrotropin[tiab] OR thyroxine[tiab] OR triiodothyronine[tiab] OR vision[tiab]) NOT medline[sb]))) AND (((Aged[tiab] OR Baby[tiab] OR Babies[tiab] OR Boy[tiab] OR Boys[tiab] OR Child*[tiab] OR cohort[tiab] OR cohorts [tiab] OR Elder*[tiab] OR Girl[tiab] OR Girls[tiab] OR Human*[tiab] OR "in vivo"[tiab] OR Inpatient*[tiab] OR Man[tiab] OR Men[tiab] OR "middle age"[tiab] OR Newborn*[tiab] OR "new born*"[tiab] OR Outpatient*[tiab] OR Participant*[tiab] OR Patient*[tiab] OR Pediatric*[tiab] OR Paediatric*[tiab] OR Person*[tiab] OR People[tiab] OR Preschool*[tiab] OR "Research subject"[tiab] OR "pre-school"[tiab] OR Schoolchild*[tiab] OR Seniors[tiab] OR Student*[tiab] OR Teen[tiab] OR Teenager*[tiab] OR Teens[tiab] OR Toddler*[tiab] OR Volunteer*[tiab] OR Woman[tiab] OR Women[tiab]) NOT medline[sb]) OR "Humans"[Mesh]) NOT (((Cavia[ti] OR Cricetinae[ti] OR Cricetus[ti] OR "guinea pig"[ti] OR "guinea pigs"[ti] OR Hamster[ti] OR Mice[ti] OR Mouse[ti] OR Muridae[ti] OR Murinae[ti] OR Murine[ti] OR Mus[ti] OR Rat[ti] OR Rats[ti] OR Rattus[ti] OR Rodent*[ti] OR Felis[ti] OR Cat[ti] OR Cats[ti] OR Catus[ti] OR Dog[ti] OR Dogs[ti] OR Canine[ti] OR Canines[ti] OR Canis[ti] OR Mink[ti] OR Minks[ti] OR Mustela*[ti] OR Pig[ti] OR Pigs[ti] OR Swine[ti] OR "sus scrofa"[ti] OR "sus domestica"[ti] OR "sus domesticus"[ti] OR pork[ti] OR porks[ti] OR porcine[ti] OR suidae[ti] OR "sow"[ti] OR "sows"[ti] OR barrow[ti] OR boar[ti] OR boars[ti] OR hog[ti] OR hogs[ti] OR gilt[ti] OR gilts[ti] OR Piglet*[ti] OR Monkey[ti] OR Monkeys[ti] OR Nomascus[ti] OR primate[ti] OR animal*[ti] OR ruminant[ti] OR livestock[ti] OR ruminants[ti] OR cattle[ti] OR heifer[ti] OR bullock[ti] OR steer[ti] OR steers[ti] OR ox[ti] OR oxen[ti] OR "Bos Taurus"[ti] OR "dairy herd*"[ti] OR "dairy breed*"[ti] OR weaner[ti] OR yearling[ti] OR stirk[ti] OR stirks[ti] OR springer[ti] OR beef[ti] OR veal[ti] OR veals[ti] OR feeder[ti] OR cow[ti] OR cows[ti] OR bovin*[ti] OR sheep[ti] OR ovis[ti] OR ovine[ti] OR ewe[ti] OR ewes[ti] OR lamb[ti] OR lambs[ti] OR mouflon[ti] OR hogget[ti] OR ram[ti] OR rams[ti] OR tup[ti] OR tups[ti] OR capra[ti] OR capras[ti] OR caprin[ti] OR buck[ti] OR bucks[ti] OR geep[ti] OR geeps[ti] OR dam[ti] OR dams[ti] OR wether[ti] OR wethers [ti] OR goat[ti] OR goats[ti] OR buffalo[ti] OR buffaloes[ti] OR swine[ti] OR pig[ti] OR pigs[ti] OR poultry[ti] OR poultries[ti] OR fowl[ti] OR fowls[ti] OR galliform[ti] OR wildfowl[ti] OR wildfowls[ti] OR "gallinaceous bird"[ti] OR landfowl[ti] OR landfowls[ti] OR Gallus[ti] OR broiler*[ti] OR capon[ti] OR capons[ti] OR cockerel*[ti] OR hen[ti] OR hens[ti] OR pullet[ti] OR pullets[ti] OR rooster[ti] OR roosters[ti] OR waterfowl[ti] OR waterfowls[ti] OR anatidae[ti] OR mallard[ti] OR "Anas platyrhynchos"[ti] OR anser[ti] OR branta[ti] OR coturnix[ti] OR meleagris[ti] OR pigeon*[ti] OR dove[ti] OR doves[ti] OR columb[ti] OR ostrich[ti] OR ostriches[ti] OR Struthio[ti] OR chicken[ti] OR chickens[ti] OR turkey[ti] OR turkeys[ti] OR duck[ti] OR ducks[ti] OR quail[ti] OR quails[ti] OR goose[ti] OR geese[ti] OR aquatic[ti] OR fish[ti] OR fishes[ti] OR pisces[ti] OR catfish[ti] OR perch[ti] OR percidae[ti] OR perca[ti] OR char[ti] OR salvelinus[ti] OR minnow[ti] OR cyprinidae[ti] OR medaka[ti] OR stickleback[ti] OR chiron[ti] OR sediment[ti] OR dwell[ti] OR marin[ti] OR estuarine[ti] OR cursta[ti] OR gastropod[ti] OR mollusc[ti] OR trout[ti] OR trouts[ti] OR salmon[ti] OR salmons[ti] OR "sea bream"[ti] OR seabream[ti] OR "sea bass"[ti] OR seabass[ti] OR turbot[ti] OR carp[ti] OR sturgeon[ti] OR eel[ti] OR eels[ti] OR tilapia[ti] OR cod[ti] OR halibut[ti] OR cobia[ti] OR "milk fish"[ti] OR tuna[ti] OR "tuna fish*"[ti] OR tunafish[ti] OR horse[ti] OR equidae[ti] OR equus[ti] OR equine*[ti] OR colt[ti] OR colts[ti] OR foal[ti] OR foals[ti] OR yearling[ti] OR gelding[ti] OR mare[ti] OR mares[ti] OR pony[ti] OR ponies[ti] OR stallion[ti] OR horses[ti] OR rabbit[ti] OR rabbits[ti] OR lagomorpha[ti] OR hare[ti] OR hares[ti]) NOT medline[sb]))) NOT Perfluor*[tiab]) AND ("2024/01/11"[Date - Publication] : "2026/02/03"[Date - Publication]) AND (English[Language]).

Annex A to TOX/2026/12 - Fluoridation literature search proposal development

Key search 3C (with NTP chemical terms)

In this guide

This is a paper for discussion. This does not represent the views of the Committee and should not be cited.

108.             ((("Fluorides"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Fluorides, Topical"[Mesh] OR "Sodium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "Calcium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "sulfuryl fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicic acid" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicate" [Supplementary Concept] OR "potassium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "ammonium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "boron trifluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR Fluoride[tiab] OR Fluorides[tiab] OR "16984-48-8"[tiab] OR 16984488[tiab] OR "Fluoride ion"[tiab] OR "Sulfuryl fluoride"[tiab] OR "sulfonyl fluoride"[tiab] OR Vikane[tiab] OR "Fluorosilicic acid"[tiab] OR hydrofluorosilicate[tiab] OR "Sodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "disodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "sodium fluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "Sodium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Potassium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Calcium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Ammonium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR "Diethyl ether-boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR (organopolysiloxanes[tiab] AND "fluorinated group*"[tiab]) OR ((Fluorides[mh:noexp] OR fluorides, topical[mh] OR sodium fluoride[mh] OR Fluorosis, Dental[mh] OR fluorosis[tiab] OR fluorid*[tiab] OR flurid*[tiab] OR florin*[tiab]) NOT (18F[tiab] OR f-18[tiab] OR 19F[tiab] OR f-19[tiab] OR f-labeled[tiab] OR "fluorine-18"[tiab] OR "fluorine-19"[tiab] OR pet-scan[tiab] OR radioligand*[tiab]))) AND ("Attention"[Mesh] OR "Brain"[Mesh] OR "Brain/growth and development"[Mesh] OR "Cognition Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Cognition"[Mesh] OR "Dementia"[Mesh] OR "Intelligence Tests"[Mesh] OR "Intelligence"[Mesh] OR "Learning Disabilities"[Mesh] OR "Learning"[Mesh] OR "Memory and Learning Tests"[Mesh] OR "Memory Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Memory"[Mesh] OR "Nervous System Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Nervous System"[Mesh] OR "Neurobehavioral Manifestations"[Mesh] OR "Neurocognitive Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Neurodevelopmental disorders"[Mesh] OR "Neurotoxicity Syndromes"[Mesh] OR ((Attention[tiab] OR Behav*[tiab] OR Brain[tiab] OR Brains[tiab] OR cognit*[tiab] OR Coordination[tiab] OR develop*[tiab] OR neur*[tiab] OR nervous[tiab] OR mental[tiab]) AND (deficit*[tiab] OR diagnosis[tiab] OR diagnoses[tiab] OR disease*[tiab] OR disorder*[tiab] OR dysfunction*[tiab] OR impair*[tiab] OR manifestation*[tiab] OR problem*[tiab] OR retard*[tiab] OR syndrome*[tiab] OR patholog*[tiab])) OR (DNT[tiab] NOT dinitrotoluene[tiab]) OR "barnes maze"[tiab] OR "Biel Maze"[tiab] OR "Charcot-Marie-Tooth"[tiab] OR "Cincinnati Maze"[tiab] OR "Contextual Fear"[tiab] OR "developmental period*"[tiab] OR "Guillain-Barre syndrome"[tiab] OR "IQtest*"[tiab] OR "Long term potentiation*"[tiab] OR "mazetest*"[tiab] OR "mental-recall*"[tiab] OR "Morris water maze"[tiab] OR "nerve-transmi*"[tiab] OR "Nervous system"[tiab] OR "Neuro-development*"[tiab] OR "Neurogenes*"[tiab] OR "neuronal-transmi*"[tiab] OR "neurotransm*"[tiab] OR "Novel Object recognition"[tiab] OR "passive avoidance"[tiab] OR "presynaptic-terminal*"[tiab] OR "radial arm maze"[tiab] OR "Rey Osterieth Complex Figure"[tiab] OR "rheumatoid arthritis"[tiab] OR "scholastic-achievement*"[tiab] OR "Sjogren's syndrome"[tiab] OR "spontaneous alternation"[tiab] OR "Synaptic circuit*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic dysfunction*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic impair*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic net"[tiab] OR "Synaptic nets"[tiab] OR "Synaptic network*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic plasticity"[tiab] OR "synaptic-neurotransmi*"[tiab] OR "synaptic-transmi*"[tiab] OR "trace fear"[tiab] OR Alzheimer*[tiab] OR Amnesia[tiab] OR behav*[tiab] OR Cerebell*[tiab] OR Cerebr*[tiab] OR Cortex[tiab] OR CVMT[tiab] OR Dementia[tiab] OR Hippocam*[tiab] OR intelligence[tiab] OR learn*[tiab] OR Locomot*[tiab] OR memory[tiab] OR Neocortex[tiab] OR Neuroanatom*[tiab] OR Neurobehav*[tiab] OR Neurocognit*[tiab] OR Neurodevelop*[tiab] OR Neurodevelopment*[tiab] OR Neurogenes*[tiab] OR Neuropath*[tiab] OR Neurotox*[tiab] OR neurotransmi*[tiab]) AND (((Aged[tiab] OR Baby[tiab] OR Babies[tiab] OR Boy[tiab] OR Boys[tiab] OR Child*[tiab] OR cohort[tiab] OR cohorts [tiab] OR Elder*[tiab] OR Girl[tiab] OR Girls[tiab] OR Human*[tiab] OR "in vivo"[tiab] OR Inpatient*[tiab] OR Man[tiab] OR Men[tiab] OR "middle age"[tiab] OR Newborn*[tiab] OR "new born*"[tiab] OR Outpatient*[tiab] OR Participant*[tiab] OR Patient*[tiab] OR Pediatric*[tiab] OR Paediatric*[tiab] OR Person*[tiab] OR People[tiab] OR Preschool*[tiab] OR "Research subject"[tiab] OR "pre-school"[tiab] OR Schoolchild*[tiab] OR Seniors[tiab] OR Student*[tiab] OR Teen[tiab] OR Teenager*[tiab] OR Teens[tiab] OR Toddler*[tiab] OR Volunteer*[tiab] OR Woman[tiab] OR Women[tiab]) NOT medline[sb]) OR "Humans"[Mesh]) NOT (((Cavia[ti] OR Cricetinae[ti] OR Cricetus[ti] OR "guinea pig"[ti] OR "guinea pigs"[ti] OR Hamster[ti] OR Mice[ti] OR Mouse[ti] OR Muridae[ti] OR Murinae[ti] OR Murine[ti] OR Mus[ti] OR Rat[ti] OR Rats[ti] OR Rattus[ti] OR Rodent*[ti] OR Felis[ti] OR Cat[ti] OR Cats[ti] OR Catus[ti] OR Dog[ti] OR Dogs[ti] OR Canine[ti] OR Canines[ti] OR Canis[ti] OR Mink[ti] OR Minks[ti] OR Mustela*[ti] OR Pig[ti] OR Pigs[ti] OR Swine[ti] OR "sus scrofa"[ti] OR "sus domestica"[ti] OR "sus domesticus"[ti] OR pork[ti] OR porks[ti] OR porcine[ti] OR suidae[ti] OR "sow"[ti] OR "sows"[ti] OR barrow[ti] OR boar[ti] OR boars[ti] OR hog[ti] OR hogs[ti] OR gilt[ti] OR gilts[ti] OR Piglet*[ti] OR Monkey[ti] OR Monkeys[ti] OR Nomascus[ti] OR primate[ti] OR animal*[ti] OR ruminant[ti] OR livestock[ti] OR ruminants[ti] OR cattle[ti] OR heifer[ti] OR bullock[ti] OR steer[ti] OR steers[ti] OR ox[ti] OR oxen[ti] OR "Bos Taurus"[ti] OR "dairy herd*"[ti] OR "dairy breed*"[ti] OR weaner[ti] OR yearling[ti] OR stirk[ti] OR stirks[ti] OR springer[ti] OR beef[ti] OR veal[ti] OR veals[ti] OR feeder[ti] OR cow[ti] OR cows[ti] OR bovin*[ti] OR sheep[ti] OR ovis[ti] OR ovine[ti] OR ewe[ti] OR ewes[ti] OR lamb[ti] OR lambs[ti] OR mouflon[ti] OR hogget[ti] OR ram[ti] OR rams[ti] OR tup[ti] OR tups[ti] OR capra[ti] OR capras[ti] OR caprin[ti] OR buck[ti] OR bucks[ti] OR geep[ti] OR geeps[ti] OR dam[ti] OR dams[ti] OR wether[ti] OR wethers [ti] OR goat[ti] OR goats[ti] OR buffalo[ti] OR buffaloes[ti] OR swine[ti] OR pig[ti] OR pigs[ti] OR poultry[ti] OR poultries[ti] OR fowl[ti] OR fowls[ti] OR galliform[ti] OR wildfowl[ti] OR wildfowls[ti] OR "gallinaceous bird"[ti] OR landfowl[ti] OR landfowls[ti] OR Gallus[ti] OR broiler*[ti] OR capon[ti] OR capons[ti] OR cockerel*[ti] OR hen[ti] OR hens[ti] OR pullet[ti] OR pullets[ti] OR rooster[ti] OR roosters[ti] OR waterfowl[ti] OR waterfowls[ti] OR anatidae[ti] OR mallard[ti] OR "Anas platyrhynchos"[ti] OR anser[ti] OR branta[ti] OR coturnix[ti] OR meleagris[ti] OR pigeon*[ti] OR dove[ti] OR doves[ti] OR columb[ti] OR ostrich[ti] OR ostriches[ti] OR Struthio[ti] OR chicken[ti] OR chickens[ti] OR turkey[ti] OR turkeys[ti] OR duck[ti] OR ducks[ti] OR quail[ti] OR quails[ti] OR goose[ti] OR geese[ti] OR aquatic[ti] OR fish[ti] OR fishes[ti] OR pisces[ti] OR catfish[ti] OR perch[ti] OR percidae[ti] OR perca[ti] OR char[ti] OR salvelinus[ti] OR minnow[ti] OR cyprinidae[ti] OR medaka[ti] OR stickleback[ti] OR chiron[ti] OR sediment[ti] OR dwell[ti] OR marin[ti] OR estuarine[ti] OR cursta[ti] OR gastropod[ti] OR mollusc[ti] OR trout[ti] OR trouts[ti] OR salmon[ti] OR salmons[ti] OR "sea bream"[ti] OR seabream[ti] OR "sea bass"[ti] OR seabass[ti] OR turbot[ti] OR carp[ti] OR sturgeon[ti] OR eel[ti] OR eels[ti] OR tilapia[ti] OR cod[ti] OR halibut[ti] OR cobia[ti] OR "milk fish"[ti] OR tuna[ti] OR "tuna fish*"[ti] OR tunafish[ti] OR horse[ti] OR equidae[ti] OR equus[ti] OR equine*[ti] OR colt[ti] OR colts[ti] OR foal[ti] OR foals[ti] OR yearling[ti] OR gelding[ti] OR mare[ti] OR mares[ti] OR pony[ti] OR ponies[ti] OR stallion[ti] OR horses[ti] OR rabbit[ti] OR rabbits[ti] OR lagomorpha[ti] OR hare[ti] OR hares[ti]) NOT medline[sb]))) NOT Perfluor*[tiab]) AND ("2024/01/11"[Date - Publication] : "2026/02/03"[Date - Publication]) AND (English[Language]).

Annex A to TOX/2026/12 - Fluoridation literature search proposal development

Key search 3D (with TRACE chemical terms)

In this guide

This is a paper for discussion. This does not represent the views of the Committee and should not be cited.

109.    ((("Fluorides"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Fluorides, Topical"[Mesh] OR "Sodium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "Calcium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "sulfuryl fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicic acid" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicate" [Supplementary Concept] OR "potassium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "ammonium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "boron trifluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR Fluoride[tiab] OR Fluorides[tiab] OR "16984-48-8"[tiab] OR 16984488[tiab] OR "Fluoride ion"[tiab] OR "Sulfuryl fluoride"[tiab] OR "sulfonyl fluoride"[tiab] OR Vikane[tiab] OR "Fluorosilicic acid"[tiab] OR hydrofluorosilicate[tiab] OR "Sodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "disodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "sodium fluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "Sodium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Potassium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Calcium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Ammonium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR "Diethyl ether-boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR (organopolysiloxanes[tiab] AND "fluorinated group*"[tiab]) OR “7681-49-4”[tiab] OR “7789-23-3”[tiab] OR “7789-75-5”[tiab] OR “12125-01-8”[tiab] OR “magnesium fluoride”[tiab] OR “7783-40-6”[tiab] OR “16961-83-4”[tiab] OR “ammonium monofluorophosphate”[tiab]  OR “20859-38-5”[tiab] OR “sodium monofluorophosphate”[tiab] OR “7631-97-2”[tiab] OR “10163-15-2”[tiab] OR “potassium monofluorophosphate”[tiab] OR “14104-28-0”[tiab] OR “calcium monofluorophosphate”[tiab] OR “7789-74-4”[tiab] OR “Magnesium monofluorophosphate”[tiab] OR “16893-85-9”[tiab]OR “potassium fluorosilicate”[tiab] OR “16871-90-2”[tiab] OR “ammonium fluorosilicate”[tiab] OR “16919-19-0”[tiab] OR “magnesium fluorosilicate”[tiab] OR “16949-65-8”[tiab] OR “calcium fluorosilicate”[tiab] OR “16925-39-6”[tiab]) AND ("Attention"[Mesh] OR "Brain"[Mesh] OR "Brain/growth and development"[Mesh] OR "Cognition Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Cognition"[Mesh] OR "Dementia"[Mesh] OR "Intelligence Tests"[Mesh] OR "Intelligence"[Mesh] OR "Learning Disabilities"[Mesh] OR "Learning"[Mesh] OR "Memory and Learning Tests"[Mesh] OR "Memory Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Memory"[Mesh] OR "Nervous System Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Nervous System"[Mesh] OR "Neurobehavioral Manifestations"[Mesh] OR "Neurocognitive Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Neurodevelopmental disorders"[Mesh] OR "Neurotoxicity Syndromes"[Mesh] OR ((Attention[tiab] OR Behav*[tiab] OR Brain[tiab] OR Brains[tiab] OR cognit*[tiab] OR Coordination[tiab] OR develop*[tiab] OR neur*[tiab] OR nervous[tiab] OR mental[tiab]) AND (deficit*[tiab] OR diagnosis[tiab] OR diagnoses[tiab] OR disease*[tiab] OR disorder*[tiab] OR dysfunction*[tiab] OR impair*[tiab] OR manifestation*[tiab] OR problem*[tiab] OR retard*[tiab] OR syndrome*[tiab] OR patholog*[tiab])) OR (DNT[tiab] NOT dinitrotoluene[tiab]) OR "barnes maze"[tiab] OR "Biel Maze"[tiab] OR "Charcot-Marie-Tooth"[tiab] OR "Cincinnati Maze"[tiab] OR "Contextual Fear"[tiab] OR "developmental period*"[tiab] OR "Guillain-Barre syndrome"[tiab] OR "IQtest*"[tiab] OR "Long term potentiation*"[tiab] OR "mazetest*"[tiab] OR "mental-recall*"[tiab] OR "Morris water maze"[tiab] OR "nerve-transmi*"[tiab] OR "Nervous system"[tiab] OR "Neuro-development*"[tiab] OR "Neurogenes*"[tiab] OR "neuronal-transmi*"[tiab] OR "neurotransm*"[tiab] OR "Novel Object recognition"[tiab] OR "passive avoidance"[tiab] OR "presynaptic-terminal*"[tiab] OR "radial arm maze"[tiab] OR "Rey Osterieth Complex Figure"[tiab] OR "rheumatoid arthritis"[tiab] OR "scholastic-achievement*"[tiab] OR "Sjogren's syndrome"[tiab] OR "spontaneous alternation"[tiab] OR "Synaptic circuit*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic dysfunction*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic impair*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic net"[tiab] OR "Synaptic nets"[tiab] OR "Synaptic network*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic plasticity"[tiab] OR "synaptic-neurotransmi*"[tiab] OR "synaptic-transmi*"[tiab] OR "trace fear"[tiab] OR Alzheimer*[tiab] OR Amnesia[tiab] OR behav*[tiab] OR Cerebell*[tiab] OR Cerebr*[tiab] OR Cortex[tiab] OR CVMT[tiab] OR Dementia[tiab] OR Hippocam*[tiab] OR intelligence[tiab] OR learn*[tiab] OR Locomot*[tiab] OR memory[tiab] OR Neocortex[tiab] OR Neuroanatom*[tiab] OR Neurobehav*[tiab] OR Neurocognit*[tiab] OR Neurodevelop*[tiab] OR Neurodevelopment*[tiab] OR Neurogenes*[tiab] OR Neuropath*[tiab] OR Neurotox*[tiab] OR neurotransmi*[tiab]) AND (((Aged[tiab] OR Baby[tiab] OR Babies[tiab] OR Boy[tiab] OR Boys[tiab] OR Child*[tiab] OR cohort[tiab] OR cohorts [tiab] OR Elder*[tiab] OR Girl[tiab] OR Girls[tiab] OR Human*[tiab] OR "in vivo"[tiab] OR Inpatient*[tiab] OR Man[tiab] OR Men[tiab] OR "middle age"[tiab] OR Newborn*[tiab] OR "new born*"[tiab] OR Outpatient*[tiab] OR Participant*[tiab] OR Patient*[tiab] OR Pediatric*[tiab] OR Paediatric*[tiab] OR Person*[tiab] OR People[tiab] OR Preschool*[tiab] OR "Research subject"[tiab] OR "pre-school"[tiab] OR Schoolchild*[tiab] OR Seniors[tiab] OR Student*[tiab] OR Teen[tiab] OR Teenager*[tiab] OR Teens[tiab] OR Toddler*[tiab] OR Volunteer*[tiab] OR Woman[tiab] OR Women[tiab]) NOT medline[sb]) OR "Humans"[Mesh]) NOT (((Cavia[ti] OR Cricetinae[ti] OR Cricetus[ti] OR "guinea pig"[ti] OR "guinea pigs"[ti] OR Hamster[ti] OR Mice[ti] OR Mouse[ti] OR Muridae[ti] OR Murinae[ti] OR Murine[ti] OR Mus[ti] OR Rat[ti] OR Rats[ti] OR Rattus[ti] OR Rodent*[ti] OR Felis[ti] OR Cat[ti] OR Cats[ti] OR Catus[ti] OR Dog[ti] OR Dogs[ti] OR Canine[ti] OR Canines[ti] OR Canis[ti] OR Mink[ti] OR Minks[ti] OR Mustela*[ti] OR Pig[ti] OR Pigs[ti] OR Swine[ti] OR "sus scrofa"[ti] OR "sus domestica"[ti] OR "sus domesticus"[ti] OR pork[ti] OR porks[ti] OR porcine[ti] OR suidae[ti] OR "sow"[ti] OR "sows"[ti] OR barrow[ti] OR boar[ti] OR boars[ti] OR hog[ti] OR hogs[ti] OR gilt[ti] OR gilts[ti] OR Piglet*[ti] OR Monkey[ti] OR Monkeys[ti] OR Nomascus[ti] OR primate[ti] OR animal*[ti] OR ruminant[ti] OR livestock[ti] OR ruminants[ti] OR cattle[ti] OR heifer[ti] OR bullock[ti] OR steer[ti] OR steers[ti] OR ox[ti] OR oxen[ti] OR "Bos Taurus"[ti] OR "dairy herd*"[ti] OR "dairy breed*"[ti] OR weaner[ti] OR yearling[ti] OR stirk[ti] OR stirks[ti] OR springer[ti] OR beef[ti] OR veal[ti] OR veals[ti] OR feeder[ti] OR cow[ti] OR cows[ti] OR bovin*[ti] OR sheep[ti] OR ovis[ti] OR ovine[ti] OR ewe[ti] OR ewes[ti] OR lamb[ti] OR lambs[ti] OR mouflon[ti] OR hogget[ti] OR ram[ti] OR rams[ti] OR tup[ti] OR tups[ti] OR capra[ti] OR capras[ti] OR caprin[ti] OR buck[ti] OR bucks[ti] OR geep[ti] OR geeps[ti] OR dam[ti] OR dams[ti] OR wether[ti] OR wethers [ti] OR goat[ti] OR goats[ti] OR buffalo[ti] OR buffaloes[ti] OR swine[ti] OR pig[ti] OR pigs[ti] OR poultry[ti] OR poultries[ti] OR fowl[ti] OR fowls[ti] OR galliform[ti] OR wildfowl[ti] OR wildfowls[ti] OR "gallinaceous bird"[ti] OR landfowl[ti] OR landfowls[ti] OR Gallus[ti] OR broiler*[ti] OR capon[ti] OR capons[ti] OR cockerel*[ti] OR hen[ti] OR hens[ti] OR pullet[ti] OR pullets[ti] OR rooster[ti] OR roosters[ti] OR waterfowl[ti] OR waterfowls[ti] OR anatidae[ti] OR mallard[ti] OR "Anas platyrhynchos"[ti] OR anser[ti] OR branta[ti] OR coturnix[ti] OR meleagris[ti] OR pigeon*[ti] OR dove[ti] OR doves[ti] OR columb[ti] OR ostrich[ti] OR ostriches[ti] OR Struthio[ti] OR chicken[ti] OR chickens[ti] OR turkey[ti] OR turkeys[ti] OR duck[ti] OR ducks[ti] OR quail[ti] OR quails[ti] OR goose[ti] OR geese[ti] OR aquatic[ti] OR fish[ti] OR fishes[ti] OR pisces[ti] OR catfish[ti] OR perch[ti] OR percidae[ti] OR perca[ti] OR char[ti] OR salvelinus[ti] OR minnow[ti] OR cyprinidae[ti] OR medaka[ti] OR stickleback[ti] OR chiron[ti] OR sediment[ti] OR dwell[ti] OR marin[ti] OR estuarine[ti] OR cursta[ti] OR gastropod[ti] OR mollusc[ti] OR trout[ti] OR trouts[ti] OR salmon[ti] OR salmons[ti] OR "sea bream"[ti] OR seabream[ti] OR "sea bass"[ti] OR seabass[ti] OR turbot[ti] OR carp[ti] OR sturgeon[ti] OR eel[ti] OR eels[ti] OR tilapia[ti] OR cod[ti] OR halibut[ti] OR cobia[ti] OR "milk fish"[ti] OR tuna[ti] OR "tuna fish*"[ti] OR tunafish[ti] OR horse[ti] OR equidae[ti] OR equus[ti] OR equine*[ti] OR colt[ti] OR colts[ti] OR foal[ti] OR foals[ti] OR yearling[ti] OR gelding[ti] OR mare[ti] OR mares[ti] OR pony[ti] OR ponies[ti] OR stallion[ti] OR horses[ti] OR rabbit[ti] OR rabbits[ti] OR lagomorpha[ti] OR hare[ti] OR hares[ti]) NOT medline[sb]))) NOT Perfluor*[tiab]) AND ("2024/01/11"[Date - Publication] : "2026/02/03"[Date - Publication]) AND (English[Language]).

Annex A to TOX/2026/12 - Fluoridation literature search proposal development

Key search 3E (retrospective, with NTP neurotoxicity terms)

In this guide

This is a paper for discussion. This does not represent the views of the Committee and should not be cited.

110.    ((("Fluorides"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Fluorides, Topical"[Mesh] OR "Sodium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "Calcium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "sulfuryl fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicic acid" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicate" [Supplementary Concept] OR "potassium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "ammonium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "boron trifluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR Fluoride[tiab] OR Fluorides[tiab] OR "16984-48-8"[tiab] OR 16984488[tiab] OR "Fluoride ion"[tiab] OR "Sulfuryl fluoride"[tiab] OR "sulfonyl fluoride"[tiab] OR Vikane[tiab] OR "Fluorosilicic acid"[tiab] OR hydrofluorosilicate[tiab] OR "Sodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "disodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "sodium fluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "Sodium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Potassium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Calcium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Ammonium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR "Diethyl ether-boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR (organopolysiloxanes[tiab] AND "fluorinated group*"[tiab])) AND ((((Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases[mh] OR Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator[mh] OR Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms[mh] OR Gene Expression Regulation[mh] OR Glucuronosyltransferase[mh] OR Intelligence tests[mh] OR Malate Dehydrogenase[mh] OR Mediator Complex Subunit 1[mh] OR Mental disorders[mh] OR Mental processes[mh] OR Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters[mh] OR Myelin Basic Protein[mh] OR nervous system[mh] OR nervous system diseases[mh] OR nervous system physiological phenomena[mh] OR Neurogranin[mh] OR Oligodendroglia[mh] OR Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors[mh] OR Psychological Phenomena and Processes[mh] OR Receptors, thyroid hormone[mh] OR Receptors, thyrotropin[mh] OR Retinoid X Receptors[mh] OR thyroid diseases[mh] OR thyroid hormones[mh] OR Thyrotropinreleasing hormone[mh] OR Thyroxine-Binding Proteins[mh] OR Pregnane X Receptor[supplementary concept] OR thyroid-hormone-receptor interacting protein[supplementary concept] OR Constitutive androstane receptor[supplementary concept] OR Academic performance[tiab] OR auditory[tiab] OR cortical[tiab] OR delayed development[tiab] OR developmental impairment[tiab] OR developmentaldelay*[tiab] OR developmental-disorder*[tiab] OR euthyroid[tiab] OR gait[tiab] OR glia*[tiab] OR gliogenesis[tiab] OR hyperactiv*[tiab] OR impulse-control[tiab] OR iodide peroxidase[tiab] OR IQ[tiab] OR ischemi*[tiab] OR locomotor[tiab] OR mental deficiency[tiab] OR mental development[tiab] OR mental illness[tiab] OR mental-deficit[tiab] OR mobility[tiab] OR mood[tiab] OR morris-maze[tiab] OR morris-water[tiab] OR motor abilit*[tiab] OR Motor activities[tiab] OR motor performance[tiab] OR nerve[tiab] OR neural[tiab] OR neurobehav*[tiab] OR Neurocognitive impairment[tiab] OR neurodegenerat*[tiab] OR Neurodevelopment*[tiab] OR neurodisease*[tiab] OR neurologic*[tiab] OR neuromuscular[tiab] OR neuron*[tiab] OR neuropath*[tiab] OR obsessive compulsive[tiab] OR OCD[tiab] OR olfaction[tiab] OR olfactory[tiab] OR open-field-test[tiab] OR passive avoidance[tiab] OR plasticity[tiab] OR senil*[tiab] OR sociab*[tiab] OR speech*[tiab] OR spelling[tiab] OR stereotypic-movement*[tiab] OR synap*[tiab] OR tauopath*[tiab] OR Thyroglobulin[tiab] OR Thyroid disease*[tiab] OR thyroid gland[tiab] OR thyroid hormone*[tiab] OR thyronine*[tiab] OR visual motor[tiab] OR Visuospatial processing[tiab] OR water maze[tiab]) OR (active-avoidance[tiab] OR ADHD[tiab] OR alzheimer*[tiab] OR amygdala[tiab] OR antisocial[tiab] OR anxiety[tiab] OR anxious[tiab] OR asperger*[tiab] OR attention deficit[tiab] OR autism[tiab] OR autistic[tiab] OR behavioral[tiab] OR behaviors[tiab] OR behavioural[tiab] OR behaviours[tiab] OR bipolar[tiab] OR cerebellum[tiab] OR cognition[tiab] OR cognitive[tiab] OR communicationdisorder*[tiab] OR comprehension[tiab] OR cranial[tiab] OR dementia[tiab] OR dendrit*[tiab] OR dentate-gyrus[tiab] OR depression[tiab] OR dextrothyroxine[tiab] OR diiodothyronine*[tiab] OR diiodotyrosine[tiab] OR down syndrome[tiab] OR dyslexia[tiab] OR entorhinal cortex[tiab] OR epilep*[tiab] OR gangli*[tiab] OR goiter[tiab] OR graves-disease[tiab] OR hearing[tiab] OR hippocamp*[tiab] OR human development[tiab] OR hyperthyroid*[tiab] OR hypothalam*[tiab] OR hypothyroid*[tiab] OR impulsiv*[tiab] OR Intellectual disability[tiab] OR intelligence[tiab] OR language[tiab] OR learning[tiab] OR lewy bod*[tiab] OR long-term potentiation[tiab] OR long-term synaptic depression[tiab] OR memory[tiab] OR mental disorder*[tiab] OR mental recall[tiab] OR monoiodotyrosine[tiab] OR Motor activity[tiab] OR motor skill*[tiab] OR multiple sclerosis[tiab] OR myxedema[tiab] OR Nervous system[tiab] OR nervous-system[tiab] OR neurit*[tiab] OR optic[tiab] OR palsy[tiab] OR panic[tiab] OR parahippocamp*[tiab] OR paranoia[tiab] OR paranoid[tiab] OR parkinson*[tiab] OR perception[tiab] OR perforant*[tiab] OR personality[tiab] OR phobia[tiab] OR problem solving[tiab] OR proprioception[tiab] OR psychomotor[tiab] OR reflex[tiab] OR risk taking[tiab] OR schizophrenia[tiab] OR seizure*[tiab] OR sensation*[tiab] OR sleep[tiab] OR smell[tiab] OR spatial behavior[tiab] OR stroke[tiab] OR substantia-nigra[tiab] OR taste[tiab] OR thyroiditis[tiab] OR thyrotoxicosis[tiab] OR Thyrotropin[tiab] OR thyroxine[tiab] OR triiodothyronine[tiab] OR vision[tiab]) NOT medline[sb])) NOT ("Attention"[Mesh] OR "Brain"[Mesh] OR "Brain/growth and development"[Mesh] OR "Cognition Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Cognition"[Mesh] OR "Dementia"[Mesh] OR "Intelligence Tests"[Mesh] OR "Intelligence"[Mesh] OR "Learning Disabilities"[Mesh] OR "Learning"[Mesh] OR "Memory and Learning Tests"[Mesh] OR "Memory Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Memory"[Mesh] OR "Nervous System Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Nervous System"[Mesh] OR "Neurobehavioral Manifestations"[Mesh] OR "Neurocognitive Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Neurodevelopmental disorders"[Mesh] OR "Neurotoxicity Syndromes"[Mesh] OR ((Attention[tiab] OR Behav*[tiab] OR Brain[tiab] OR Brains[tiab] OR cognit*[tiab] OR Coordination[tiab] OR develop*[tiab] OR neur*[tiab] OR nervous[tiab] OR mental[tiab]) AND (deficit*[tiab] OR diagnosis[tiab] OR diagnoses[tiab] OR disease*[tiab] OR disorder*[tiab] OR dysfunction*[tiab] OR impair*[tiab] OR manifestation*[tiab] OR problem*[tiab] OR retard*[tiab] OR syndrome*[tiab] OR patholog*[tiab])) OR (DNT[tiab] NOT dinitrotoluene[tiab]) OR "barnes maze"[tiab] OR "Biel Maze"[tiab] OR "Charcot-Marie-Tooth"[tiab] OR "Cincinnati Maze"[tiab] OR "Contextual Fear"[tiab] OR "developmental period*"[tiab] OR "Guillain-Barre syndrome"[tiab] OR "IQtest*"[tiab] OR "Long term potentiation*"[tiab] OR "mazetest*"[tiab] OR "mental-recall*"[tiab] OR "Morris water maze"[tiab] OR "nerve-transmi*"[tiab] OR "Nervous system"[tiab] OR "Neuro-development*"[tiab] OR "Neurogenes*"[tiab] OR "neuronal-transmi*"[tiab] OR "neurotransm*"[tiab] OR "Novel Object recognition"[tiab] OR "passive avoidance"[tiab] OR "presynaptic-terminal*"[tiab] OR "radial arm maze"[tiab] OR "Rey Osterieth Complex Figure"[tiab] OR "rheumatoid arthritis"[tiab] OR "scholastic-achievement*"[tiab] OR "Sjogren's syndrome"[tiab] OR "spontaneous alternation"[tiab] OR "Synaptic circuit*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic dysfunction*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic impair*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic net"[tiab] OR "Synaptic nets"[tiab] OR "Synaptic network*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic plasticity"[tiab] OR "synaptic-neurotransmi*"[tiab] OR "synaptic-transmi*"[tiab] OR "trace fear"[tiab] OR Alzheimer*[tiab] OR Amnesia[tiab] OR behav*[tiab] OR Cerebell*[tiab] OR Cerebr*[tiab] OR Cortex[tiab] OR CVMT[tiab] OR Dementia[tiab] OR Hippocam*[tiab] OR intelligence[tiab] OR learn*[tiab] OR Locomot*[tiab] OR memory[tiab] OR Neocortex[tiab] OR Neuroanatom*[tiab] OR Neurobehav*[tiab] OR Neurocognit*[tiab] OR Neurodevelop*[tiab] OR Neurodevelopment*[tiab] OR Neurogenes*[tiab] OR Neuropath*[tiab] OR Neurotox*[tiab] OR neurotransmi*[tiab])) AND (((Aged[tiab] OR Baby[tiab] OR Babies[tiab] OR Boy[tiab] OR Boys[tiab] OR Child*[tiab] OR cohort[tiab] OR cohorts [tiab] OR Elder*[tiab] OR Girl[tiab] OR Girls[tiab] OR Human*[tiab] OR "in vivo"[tiab] OR Inpatient*[tiab] OR Man[tiab] OR Men[tiab] OR "middle age"[tiab] OR Newborn*[tiab] OR "new born*"[tiab] OR Outpatient*[tiab] OR Participant*[tiab] OR Patient*[tiab] OR Pediatric*[tiab] OR Paediatric*[tiab] OR Person*[tiab] OR People[tiab] OR Preschool*[tiab] OR "Research subject"[tiab] OR "pre-school"[tiab] OR Schoolchild*[tiab] OR Seniors[tiab] OR Student*[tiab] OR Teen[tiab] OR Teenager*[tiab] OR Teens[tiab] OR Toddler*[tiab] OR Volunteer*[tiab] OR Woman[tiab] OR Women[tiab]) NOT medline[sb]) OR "Humans"[Mesh]) NOT (((Cavia[ti] OR Cricetinae[ti] OR Cricetus[ti] OR "guinea pig"[ti] OR "guinea pigs"[ti] OR Hamster[ti] OR Mice[ti] OR Mouse[ti] OR Muridae[ti] OR Murinae[ti] OR Murine[ti] OR Mus[ti] OR Rat[ti] OR Rats[ti] OR Rattus[ti] OR Rodent*[ti] OR Felis[ti] OR Cat[ti] OR Cats[ti] OR Catus[ti] OR Dog[ti] OR Dogs[ti] OR Canine[ti] OR Canines[ti] OR Canis[ti] OR Mink[ti] OR Minks[ti] OR Mustela*[ti] OR Pig[ti] OR Pigs[ti] OR Swine[ti] OR "sus scrofa"[ti] OR "sus domestica"[ti] OR "sus domesticus"[ti] OR pork[ti] OR porks[ti] OR porcine[ti] OR suidae[ti] OR "sow"[ti] OR "sows"[ti] OR barrow[ti] OR boar[ti] OR boars[ti] OR hog[ti] OR hogs[ti] OR gilt[ti] OR gilts[ti] OR Piglet*[ti] OR Monkey[ti] OR Monkeys[ti] OR Nomascus[ti] OR primate[ti] OR animal*[ti] OR ruminant[ti] OR livestock[ti] OR ruminants[ti] OR cattle[ti] OR heifer[ti] OR bullock[ti] OR steer[ti] OR steers[ti] OR ox[ti] OR oxen[ti] OR "Bos Taurus"[ti] OR "dairy herd*"[ti] OR "dairy breed*"[ti] OR weaner[ti] OR yearling[ti] OR stirk[ti] OR stirks[ti] OR springer[ti] OR beef[ti] OR veal[ti] OR veals[ti] OR feeder[ti] OR cow[ti] OR cows[ti] OR bovin*[ti] OR sheep[ti] OR ovis[ti] OR ovine[ti] OR ewe[ti] OR ewes[ti] OR lamb[ti] OR lambs[ti] OR mouflon[ti] OR hogget[ti] OR ram[ti] OR rams[ti] OR tup[ti] OR tups[ti] OR capra[ti] OR capras[ti] OR caprin[ti] OR buck[ti] OR bucks[ti] OR geep[ti] OR geeps[ti] OR dam[ti] OR dams[ti] OR wether[ti] OR wethers [ti] OR goat[ti] OR goats[ti] OR buffalo[ti] OR buffaloes[ti] OR swine[ti] OR pig[ti] OR pigs[ti] OR poultry[ti] OR poultries[ti] OR fowl[ti] OR fowls[ti] OR galliform[ti] OR wildfowl[ti] OR wildfowls[ti] OR "gallinaceous bird"[ti] OR landfowl[ti] OR landfowls[ti] OR Gallus[ti] OR broiler*[ti] OR capon[ti] OR capons[ti] OR cockerel*[ti] OR hen[ti] OR hens[ti] OR pullet[ti] OR pullets[ti] OR rooster[ti] OR roosters[ti] OR waterfowl[ti] OR waterfowls[ti] OR anatidae[ti] OR mallard[ti] OR "Anas platyrhynchos"[ti] OR anser[ti] OR branta[ti] OR coturnix[ti] OR meleagris[ti] OR pigeon*[ti] OR dove[ti] OR doves[ti] OR columb[ti] OR ostrich[ti] OR ostriches[ti] OR Struthio[ti] OR chicken[ti] OR chickens[ti] OR turkey[ti] OR turkeys[ti] OR duck[ti] OR ducks[ti] OR quail[ti] OR quails[ti] OR goose[ti] OR geese[ti] OR aquatic[ti] OR fish[ti] OR fishes[ti] OR pisces[ti] OR catfish[ti] OR perch[ti] OR percidae[ti] OR perca[ti] OR char[ti] OR salvelinus[ti] OR minnow[ti] OR cyprinidae[ti] OR medaka[ti] OR stickleback[ti] OR chiron[ti] OR sediment[ti] OR dwell[ti] OR marin[ti] OR estuarine[ti] OR cursta[ti] OR gastropod[ti] OR mollusc[ti] OR trout[ti] OR trouts[ti] OR salmon[ti] OR salmons[ti] OR "sea bream"[ti] OR seabream[ti] OR "sea bass"[ti] OR seabass[ti] OR turbot[ti] OR carp[ti] OR sturgeon[ti] OR eel[ti] OR eels[ti] OR tilapia[ti] OR cod[ti] OR halibut[ti] OR cobia[ti] OR "milk fish"[ti] OR tuna[ti] OR "tuna fish*"[ti] OR tunafish[ti] OR horse[ti] OR equidae[ti] OR equus[ti] OR equine*[ti] OR colt[ti] OR colts[ti] OR foal[ti] OR foals[ti] OR yearling[ti] OR gelding[ti] OR mare[ti] OR mares[ti] OR pony[ti] OR ponies[ti] OR stallion[ti] OR horses[ti] OR rabbit[ti] OR rabbits[ti] OR lagomorpha[ti] OR hare[ti] OR hares[ti]) NOT medline[sb]))) NOT Perfluor*[tiab]) AND ("2020/05/01"[Date - Publication] : "2024/01/11"[Date - Publication]) AND (English[Language]).

Annex A to TOX/2026/12 - Fluoridation literature search proposal development

Key search 3F (retrospective, with NTP chemical terms)

In this guide

This is a paper for discussion. This does not represent the views of the Committee and should not be cited.

111.             (((Fluorides[mh:noexp] OR fluorides, topical[mh] OR sodium fluoride[mh] OR Fluorosis, Dental[mh] OR fluorosis[tiab] OR fluorid*[tiab] OR flurid*[tiab] OR florin*[tiab]) NOT (18F[tiab] OR f-18[tiab] OR 19F[tiab] OR f-19[tiab] OR f-labeled[tiab] OR "fluorine-18"[tiab] OR "fluorine-19"[tiab] OR pet-scan[tiab] OR radioligand*[tiab] OR "Fluorides"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Fluorides, Topical"[Mesh] OR "Sodium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "Calcium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "sulfuryl fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicic acid" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicate" [Supplementary Concept] OR "potassium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "ammonium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "boron trifluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR Fluoride[tiab] OR Fluorides[tiab] OR "16984-48-8"[tiab] OR 16984488[tiab] OR "Fluoride ion"[tiab] OR "Sulfuryl fluoride"[tiab] OR "sulfonyl fluoride"[tiab] OR Vikane[tiab] OR "Fluorosilicic acid"[tiab] OR hydrofluorosilicate[tiab] OR "Sodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "disodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "sodium fluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "Sodium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Potassium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Calcium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Ammonium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR "Diethyl ether-boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR (organopolysiloxanes[tiab] AND "fluorinated group*"[tiab])) AND ("Attention"[Mesh] OR "Brain"[Mesh] OR "Brain/growth and development"[Mesh] OR "Cognition Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Cognition"[Mesh] OR "Dementia"[Mesh] OR "Intelligence Tests"[Mesh] OR "Intelligence"[Mesh] OR "Learning Disabilities"[Mesh] OR "Learning"[Mesh] OR "Memory and Learning Tests"[Mesh] OR "Memory Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Memory"[Mesh] OR "Nervous System Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Nervous System"[Mesh] OR "Neurobehavioral Manifestations"[Mesh] OR "Neurocognitive Disorders"[Mesh] OR "Neurodevelopmental disorders"[Mesh] OR "Neurotoxicity Syndromes"[Mesh] OR ((Attention[tiab] OR Behav*[tiab] OR Brain[tiab] OR Brains[tiab] OR cognit*[tiab] OR Coordination[tiab] OR develop*[tiab] OR neur*[tiab] OR nervous[tiab] OR mental[tiab]) AND (deficit*[tiab] OR diagnosis[tiab] OR diagnoses[tiab] OR disease*[tiab] OR disorder*[tiab] OR dysfunction*[tiab] OR impair*[tiab] OR manifestation*[tiab] OR problem*[tiab] OR retard*[tiab] OR syndrome*[tiab] OR patholog*[tiab])) OR (DNT[tiab] NOT dinitrotoluene[tiab]) OR "barnes maze"[tiab] OR "Biel Maze"[tiab] OR "Charcot-Marie-Tooth"[tiab] OR "Cincinnati Maze"[tiab] OR "Contextual Fear"[tiab] OR "developmental period*"[tiab] OR "Guillain-Barre syndrome"[tiab] OR "IQtest*"[tiab] OR "Long term potentiation*"[tiab] OR "mazetest*"[tiab] OR "mental-recall*"[tiab] OR "Morris water maze"[tiab] OR "nerve-transmi*"[tiab] OR "Nervous system"[tiab] OR "Neuro-development*"[tiab] OR "Neurogenes*"[tiab] OR "neuronal-transmi*"[tiab] OR "neurotransm*"[tiab] OR "Novel Object recognition"[tiab] OR "passive avoidance"[tiab] OR "presynaptic-terminal*"[tiab] OR "radial arm maze"[tiab] OR "Rey Osterieth Complex Figure"[tiab] OR "rheumatoid arthritis"[tiab] OR "scholastic-achievement*"[tiab] OR "Sjogren's syndrome"[tiab] OR "spontaneous alternation"[tiab] OR "Synaptic circuit*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic dysfunction*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic impair*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic net"[tiab] OR "Synaptic nets"[tiab] OR "Synaptic network*"[tiab] OR "Synaptic plasticity"[tiab] OR "synaptic-neurotransmi*"[tiab] OR "synaptic-transmi*"[tiab] OR "trace fear"[tiab] OR Alzheimer*[tiab] OR Amnesia[tiab] OR behav*[tiab] OR Cerebell*[tiab] OR Cerebr*[tiab] OR Cortex[tiab] OR CVMT[tiab] OR Dementia[tiab] OR Hippocam*[tiab] OR intelligence[tiab] OR learn*[tiab] OR Locomot*[tiab] OR memory[tiab] OR Neocortex[tiab] OR Neuroanatom*[tiab] OR Neurobehav*[tiab] OR Neurocognit*[tiab] OR Neurodevelop*[tiab] OR Neurodevelopment*[tiab] OR Neurogenes*[tiab] OR Neuropath*[tiab] OR Neurotox*[tiab] OR neurotransmi*[tiab]) AND (((Aged[tiab] OR Baby[tiab] OR Babies[tiab] OR Boy[tiab] OR Boys[tiab] OR Child*[tiab] OR cohort[tiab] OR cohorts [tiab] OR Elder*[tiab] OR Girl[tiab] OR Girls[tiab] OR Human*[tiab] OR "in vivo"[tiab] OR Inpatient*[tiab] OR Man[tiab] OR Men[tiab] OR "middle age"[tiab] OR Newborn*[tiab] OR "new born*"[tiab] OR Outpatient*[tiab] OR Participant*[tiab] OR Patient*[tiab] OR Pediatric*[tiab] OR Paediatric*[tiab] OR Person*[tiab] OR People[tiab] OR Preschool*[tiab] OR "Research subject"[tiab] OR "pre-school"[tiab] OR Schoolchild*[tiab] OR Seniors[tiab] OR Student*[tiab] OR Teen[tiab] OR Teenager*[tiab] OR Teens[tiab] OR Toddler*[tiab] OR Volunteer*[tiab] OR Woman[tiab] OR Women[tiab]) NOT medline[sb]) OR "Humans"[Mesh]) NOT (((Cavia[ti] OR Cricetinae[ti] OR Cricetus[ti] OR "guinea pig"[ti] OR "guinea pigs"[ti] OR Hamster[ti] OR Mice[ti] OR Mouse[ti] OR Muridae[ti] OR Murinae[ti] OR Murine[ti] OR Mus[ti] OR Rat[ti] OR Rats[ti] OR Rattus[ti] OR Rodent*[ti] OR Felis[ti] OR Cat[ti] OR Cats[ti] OR Catus[ti] OR Dog[ti] OR Dogs[ti] OR Canine[ti] OR Canines[ti] OR Canis[ti] OR Mink[ti] OR Minks[ti] OR Mustela*[ti] OR Pig[ti] OR Pigs[ti] OR Swine[ti] OR "sus scrofa"[ti] OR "sus domestica"[ti] OR "sus domesticus"[ti] OR pork[ti] OR porks[ti] OR porcine[ti] OR suidae[ti] OR "sow"[ti] OR "sows"[ti] OR barrow[ti] OR boar[ti] OR boars[ti] OR hog[ti] OR hogs[ti] OR gilt[ti] OR gilts[ti] OR Piglet*[ti] OR Monkey[ti] OR Monkeys[ti] OR Nomascus[ti] OR primate[ti] OR animal*[ti] OR ruminant[ti] OR livestock[ti] OR ruminants[ti] OR cattle[ti] OR heifer[ti] OR bullock[ti] OR steer[ti] OR steers[ti] OR ox[ti] OR oxen[ti] OR "Bos Taurus"[ti] OR "dairy herd*"[ti] OR "dairy breed*"[ti] OR weaner[ti] OR yearling[ti] OR stirk[ti] OR stirks[ti] OR springer[ti] OR beef[ti] OR veal[ti] OR veals[ti] OR feeder[ti] OR cow[ti] OR cows[ti] OR bovin*[ti] OR sheep[ti] OR ovis[ti] OR ovine[ti] OR ewe[ti] OR ewes[ti] OR lamb[ti] OR lambs[ti] OR mouflon[ti] OR hogget[ti] OR ram[ti] OR rams[ti] OR tup[ti] OR tups[ti] OR capra[ti] OR capras[ti] OR caprin[ti] OR buck[ti] OR bucks[ti] OR geep[ti] OR geeps[ti] OR dam[ti] OR dams[ti] OR wether[ti] OR wethers [ti] OR goat[ti] OR goats[ti] OR buffalo[ti] OR buffaloes[ti] OR swine[ti] OR pig[ti] OR pigs[ti] OR poultry[ti] OR poultries[ti] OR fowl[ti] OR fowls[ti] OR galliform[ti] OR wildfowl[ti] OR wildfowls[ti] OR "gallinaceous bird"[ti] OR landfowl[ti] OR landfowls[ti] OR Gallus[ti] OR broiler*[ti] OR capon[ti] OR capons[ti] OR cockerel*[ti] OR hen[ti] OR hens[ti] OR pullet[ti] OR pullets[ti] OR rooster[ti] OR roosters[ti] OR waterfowl[ti] OR waterfowls[ti] OR anatidae[ti] OR mallard[ti] OR "Anas platyrhynchos"[ti] OR anser[ti] OR branta[ti] OR coturnix[ti] OR meleagris[ti] OR pigeon*[ti] OR dove[ti] OR doves[ti] OR columb[ti] OR ostrich[ti] OR ostriches[ti] OR Struthio[ti] OR chicken[ti] OR chickens[ti] OR turkey[ti] OR turkeys[ti] OR duck[ti] OR ducks[ti] OR quail[ti] OR quails[ti] OR goose[ti] OR geese[ti] OR aquatic[ti] OR fish[ti] OR fishes[ti] OR pisces[ti] OR catfish[ti] OR perch[ti] OR percidae[ti] OR perca[ti] OR char[ti] OR salvelinus[ti] OR minnow[ti] OR cyprinidae[ti] OR medaka[ti] OR stickleback[ti] OR chiron[ti] OR sediment[ti] OR dwell[ti] OR marin[ti] OR estuarine[ti] OR cursta[ti] OR gastropod[ti] OR mollusc[ti] OR trout[ti] OR trouts[ti] OR salmon[ti] OR salmons[ti] OR "sea bream"[ti] OR seabream[ti] OR "sea bass"[ti] OR seabass[ti] OR turbot[ti] OR carp[ti] OR sturgeon[ti] OR eel[ti] OR eels[ti] OR tilapia[ti] OR cod[ti] OR halibut[ti] OR cobia[ti] OR "milk fish"[ti] OR tuna[ti] OR "tuna fish*"[ti] OR tunafish[ti] OR horse[ti] OR equidae[ti] OR equus[ti] OR equine*[ti] OR colt[ti] OR colts[ti] OR foal[ti] OR foals[ti] OR yearling[ti] OR gelding[ti] OR mare[ti] OR mares[ti] OR pony[ti] OR ponies[ti] OR stallion[ti] OR horses[ti] OR rabbit[ti] OR rabbits[ti] OR lagomorpha[ti] OR hare[ti] OR hares[ti]) NOT medline[sb]))) NOT Perfluor*[tiab]) AND ("2020/05/01"[Date - Publication] : "2024/01/11"[Date - Publication]) AND (English[Language]).

Annex A to TOX/2026/12 - Fluoridation literature search proposal development

Key search 4A - Targeted search on bone fractures and bone mineral density (PubMed)

In this guide

This is a paper for discussion. This does not represent the views of the Committee and should not be cited.

112.             ((("Fluorides"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Fluorides, Topical"[Mesh] OR "Sodium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "Calcium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "potassium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "ammonium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR Fluoride[tiab] OR Fluorides[tiab] OR "16984-48-8"[tiab] OR 16984488[tiab] OR "Fluoride ion"[tiab] OR "Sodium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Potassium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Calcium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Ammonium fluoride"[tiab]) AND ("Bone and Bones"[Mesh] OR "Bone Density"[Mesh] OR "Bone Diseases"[Mesh] OR "Fractures, Bone"[Mesh] OR "Skeleton"[Mesh:noExp] OR "bone cancer"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bones cancer"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bone decalcification"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bones decalcification"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bone decalcified"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bones decalcified"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bone demineralization"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bones demineralization"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bone demineralized"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bones demineralized"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bone demineralisation"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bones demineralistation"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bone demineralised"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bones demineralised"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bone density"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bones density"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bone disease"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bone diseases"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bones disease"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bones diseases"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bone health"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bones health"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bone loss"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bones loss"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bone mass"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bones mass"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bone neoplasia"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bones neoplasia"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bone neoplasm"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bones neoplasm"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bone neoplasms"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bones neoplasms"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bone tumour"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bone tumours"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bones tumour"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bones tumours"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bone tumor"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bones tumor"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bone tumors"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bones tumors"[Title/Abstract:~3] OR "bone mineral densit*"[tiab] OR Osteopor*[tiab] OR fracture*[tiab] OR skelet*[tiab])) NOT (((Cavia[ti] OR Cricetinae[ti] OR Cricetus[ti] OR "guinea pig"[ti] OR "guinea pigs"[ti] OR Hamster[ti] OR Mice[ti] OR Mouse[ti] OR Muridae[ti] OR Murinae[ti] OR Murine[ti] OR Mus[ti] OR Rat[ti] OR Rats[ti] OR Rattus[ti] OR Rodent*[ti] OR Felis[ti] OR Cat[ti] OR Cats[ti] OR Catus[ti] OR Dog[ti] OR Dogs[ti] OR Canine[ti] OR Canines[ti] OR Canis[ti] OR Mink[ti] OR Minks[ti] OR Mustela*[ti] OR Pig[ti] OR Pigs[ti] OR Swine[ti] OR "sus scrofa"[ti] OR "sus domestica"[ti] OR "sus domesticus"[ti] OR pork[ti] OR porks[ti] OR porcine[ti] OR suidae[ti] OR "sow"[ti] OR "sows"[ti] OR barrow[ti] OR boar[ti] OR boars[ti] OR hog[ti] OR hogs[ti] OR gilt[ti] OR gilts[ti] OR Piglet*[ti] OR Monkey[ti] OR Monkeys[ti] OR Nomascus[ti] OR primate[ti] OR animal*[ti] OR ruminant[ti] OR livestock[ti] OR ruminants[ti] OR cattle[ti] OR heifer[ti] OR bullock[ti] OR steer[ti] OR steers[ti] OR ox[ti] OR oxen[ti] OR "Bos Taurus"[ti] OR "dairy herd*"[ti] OR "dairy breed*"[ti] OR weaner[ti] OR yearling[ti] OR stirk[ti] OR stirks[ti] OR springer[ti] OR beef[ti] OR veal[ti] OR veals[ti] OR feeder[ti] OR cow[ti] OR cows[ti] OR bovin*[ti] OR sheep[ti] OR ovis[ti] OR ovine[ti] OR ewe[ti] OR ewes[ti] OR lamb[ti] OR lambs[ti] OR mouflon[ti] OR hogget[ti] OR ram[ti] OR rams[ti] OR tup[ti] OR tups[ti] OR capra[ti] OR capras[ti] OR caprin[ti] OR buck[ti] OR bucks[ti] OR geep[ti] OR geeps[ti] OR dam[ti] OR dams[ti] OR wether[ti] OR wethers [ti] OR goat[ti] OR goats[ti] OR buffalo[ti] OR buffaloes[ti] OR swine[ti] OR pig[ti] OR pigs[ti] OR poultry[ti] OR poultries[ti] OR fowl[ti] OR fowls[ti] OR galliform[ti] OR wildfowl[ti] OR wildfowls[ti] OR "gallinaceous bird"[ti] OR landfowl[ti] OR landfowls[ti] OR Gallus[ti] OR broiler*[ti] OR capon[ti] OR capons[ti] OR cockerel*[ti] OR hen[ti] OR hens[ti] OR pullet[ti] OR pullets[ti] OR rooster[ti] OR roosters[ti] OR waterfowl[ti] OR waterfowls[ti] OR anatidae[ti] OR mallard[ti] OR "Anas platyrhynchos"[ti] OR anser[ti] OR branta[ti] OR coturnix[ti] OR meleagris[ti] OR pigeon*[ti] OR dove[ti] OR doves[ti] OR columb[ti] OR ostrich[ti] OR ostriches[ti] OR Struthio[ti] OR chicken[ti] OR chickens[ti] OR turkey[ti] OR turkeys[ti] OR duck[ti] OR ducks[ti] OR quail[ti] OR quails[ti] OR goose[ti] OR geese[ti] OR aquatic[ti] OR fish[ti] OR fishes[ti] OR pisces[ti] OR catfish[ti] OR perch[ti] OR percidae[ti] OR perca[ti] OR char[ti] OR salvelinus[ti] OR minnow[ti] OR cyprinidae[ti] OR medaka[ti] OR stickleback[ti] OR chiron[ti] OR sediment[ti] OR dwell[ti] OR marin[ti] OR estuarine[ti] OR cursta[ti] OR gastropod[ti] OR mollusc[ti] OR trout[ti] OR trouts[ti] OR salmon[ti] OR salmons[ti] OR "sea bream"[ti] OR seabream[ti] OR "sea bass"[ti] OR seabass[ti] OR turbot[ti] OR carp[ti] OR sturgeon[ti] OR eel[ti] OR eels[ti] OR tilapia[ti] OR cod[ti] OR halibut[ti] OR cobia[ti] OR "milk fish"[ti] OR tuna[ti] OR "tuna fish*"[ti] OR tunafish[ti] OR horse[ti] OR equidae[ti] OR equus[ti] OR equine*[ti] OR colt[ti] OR colts[ti] OR foal[ti] OR foals[ti] OR yearling[ti] OR gelding[ti] OR mare[ti] OR mares[ti] OR pony[ti] OR ponies[ti] OR stallion[ti] OR horses[ti] OR rabbit[ti] OR rabbits[ti] OR lagomorpha[ti] OR hare[ti] OR hares[ti]) NOT medline[sb]))) AND ("2023/10/24"[Date - Publication] : "2026/02/03"[Date - Publication]) AND (English[Language]).

Annex A to TOX/2026/12 - Fluoridation literature search proposal development

Key search 5A - Targeted search on effects on thyroid and exposure during pregnancy (PubMed)

In this guide

This is a paper for discussion. This does not represent the views of the Committee and should not be cited.

113.             ("Fluorides"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Fluorides, Topical"[Mesh] OR "Sodium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "Calcium Fluoride"[Mesh] OR "sulfuryl fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicic acid" [Supplementary Concept] OR "hexafluorosilicate" [Supplementary Concept] OR "potassium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "ammonium fluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR "boron trifluoride" [Supplementary Concept] OR Fluoride[tiab] OR Fluorides[tiab] OR "16984-48-8"[tiab] OR 16984488[tiab] OR "Fluoride ion"[tiab] OR "Sulfuryl fluoride"[tiab] OR "sulfonyl fluoride"[tiab] OR Vikane[tiab] OR "Fluorosilicic acid"[tiab] OR hydrofluorosilicate[tiab] OR "Sodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "disodium hexafluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "sodium fluorosilicate"[tiab] OR "Sodium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Potassium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Calcium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Ammonium fluoride"[tiab] OR "Boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR "Diethyl ether-boron trifluoride"[tiab] OR (organopolysiloxanes[tiab] AND "fluorinated group*"[tiab])) AND ("Pregnancy Complications"[Mesh] OR "Pregnancy"[Mesh] OR "Prenatal Injuries"[Mesh] OR "Reproduction"[Mesh] OR "Reproductive Physiological Phenomena"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Teratogenesis"[Mesh] OR "Teratogens"[Mesh] OR gestat*[tiab] OR "in utero"[tiab] OR maternal[tiab] OR Parturition[tiab] OR perinatal[tiab] OR "peri natal"[tiab] OR "postpartum"[tiab] OR postpartum[tiab] OR pregnan*[tiab] OR prenatal[tiab] OR "pre natal"[tiab] OR Reproduct*[tiab]) AND ("Chromaffin System"[Mesh] OR "Endocrine Glands"[Mesh] OR "Endocrine System"[Mesh] OR "Endorphins"[Mesh] OR "Enteroendocrine Cells"[Mesh] OR "Epinephrine"[Mesh] OR "Estradiol"[Mesh] OR "Gastric Acid"[Mesh] OR "Histamine"[Mesh] OR "Hormones"[Mesh] OR "Langerhans Cells"[Mesh] OR "Limbic System"[Mesh] OR "Lymphatic System"[Mesh] OR "Neurosecretory Systems"[Mesh] OR "Renin"[Mesh] OR "Serotonin"[Mesh] OR "17-Ketosteroids"[tiab] OR "α cell"[tiab] OR "α cells"[tiab] OR "alpha cell*"[tiab] OR "Adrenal cortex"[tiab] OR "Adrenal medulla"[tiab] OR "Adrenal gland"[tiab] OR "Adrenal glands"[tiab] OR "β cell"[tiab] OR "β cells"[tiab] OR "beta cell"[tiab] OR "beta cells"[tiab] OR "Corpora lutea"[tiab] OR "Corpus luteum"[tiab] OR "Cytochrome p-450"[tiab] OR "d cell"[tiab] OR "d cells"[tiab] OR "delta cell"[tiab] OR "delta cells"[tiab] OR "epidermal growth factor"[tiab] OR "epidermal growth factors"[tiab] OR "G cell"[tiab] OR "G cells"[tiab] OR "Gastric acid"[tiab] OR "Gastric acids"[tiab] OR "Gastric gland"[tiab] OR "Gastric glands"[tiab] OR "Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide"[tiab] OR "Granulosa cell"[tiab] OR "Granulosa cells"[tiab] OR "Island of Langerhans"[tiab] OR "Islet cell"[tiab] OR "Islet cells"[tiab] OR "Islet of Langerhans"[tiab] OR "L cell"[tiab] OR "L cells"[tiab] OR "Langerhans island"[tiab] OR "Langerhans islands"[tiab] OR "Langerhans islet"[tiab] OR "Langerhans islets"[tiab] OR "Limbic system"[tiab] OR "Liquor folliculi"[tiab] OR "Luteal cell"[tiab] OR "Luteal cells"[tiab] OR "nonsteroid*"[tiab] OR "p cell"[tiab] OR "p cells"[tiab] OR "peptide yy"[tiab] OR "Pineal body"[tiab] OR "Pineal bodies"[tiab] OR "Pineal gland"[tiab] OR "Pineal glands"[tiab] OR "Pituitary adrenal"[tiab] OR "Pituitary growth"[tiab] OR "Pituitary gland"[tiab] OR "Pituitary glands"[tiab] OR "pp cell"[tiab] OR "pp cells"[tiab] OR "S cell"[tiab] OR "S cells"[tiab] OR "Secretin cell"[tiab] OR "Secretin cells"[tiab] OR "Sympathetic nervous system"[tiab] OR "Sympathetic nervous systems"[tiab] OR "Sympathoadrenal Axis"[tiab] OR "Sympatho-adrenal Axis"[tiab] OR "Sympathoadrenal Medullary System"[tiab] OR "Sympathoadrenal Medullary Systems"[tiab] OR "Sympatho-adrenal Medullary System"[tiab] OR "Sympatho-adrenal Medullary Systems"[tiab] OR "Sympathoadrenal System"[tiab] OR "Sympathoadrenal Systems"[tiab] OR "Sympatho-adrenal System"[tiab] OR "Sympathoadrenal Systems"[tiab] OR "Theca cell"[tiab] OR "Theca cells"[tiab] OR "Zona fasciculata"[tiab] OR "Zona glomerulosa"[tiab] OR "Zona Reticularis"[tiab] OR ACTH[tiab] OR Activin[tiab] OR Adrenocorticotropin[tiab] OR Adenohypophys[tiab] OR Adiponectin[tiab] OR Adrenaline[tiab] OR Aldosterone[tiab] OR Androgen*[tiab] OR Androstenedione[tiab] OR Androsterone[tiab] OR Angiotensin[tiab] OR Bombesin[tiab] OR Calcitonin[tiab] OR Calcitrin[tiab] OR Cholecystokinin[tiab] OR Chromaffin[tiab] OR Corticoid*[tiab] OR Corticostero*[tiab] OR Corticotrop*[tiab] OR CRH[tiab] OR Dehydroepiandrosterone[tiab] OR Desoxycorticosterone[tiab] OR Dextrothyroxine[tiab] OR Diiodothyronines[tiab] OR Diiodotyrosine[tiab] OR Endocrin*[tiab] OR Endorphin[tiab] OR Enterochromaffin[tiab] OR Enteroendocrin[tiab] OR Epinephrine[tiab] OR Epiphysis[tiab] OR Epithalamus[tiab] OR Estradiol[tiab] OR Estrogen*[tiab] OR Estrone[tiab] OR Etiocholanone[tiab] OR Follicle[tiab] OR Follicles[tiab] OR Follicular[tiab] OR FSH[tiab] OR Gastrin[tiab] OR GH [tiab] OR Ghrelin[tiab] OR Glucagon[tiab] OR Glucocorticoid*[tiab] OR Gonad*[tiab] OR Histamine[tiab] OR Hormon*[tiab] OR Hydrocortisone[tiab] OR Hydroxyprogesterone[tiab] OR Hyperthyroid*[tiab] OR Hypophyseal[tiab] OR Hypothalam*[tiab] OR Hypothyroid*[tiab] OR Incretin[tiab] OR Infundibul*[tiab] OR Insulin[tiab] OR Lactotrop*[tiab] OR Leptin[tiab] OR Lipotropin[tiab] OR Luteiniz*[tiab] OR LH [tiab] OR Melanotrop*[tiab] OR Melatonin[tiab] OR Mineralcorticoid*[tiab] OR Monoiodotyrosine[tiab] OR Motilin[tiab] OR Neuropeptide[tiab] OR Neuropeptides[tiab] OR Neurosecr*[tiab] OR Norepinephrine[tiab] OR Oocyte[tiab] OR Oocytes[tiab] OR Oogenesis[tiab] OR Ovulation[tiab] OR Ovulations[tiab] OR Oxytocin[tiab] OR Parathyroid[tiab] OR Parathyroids[tiab] OR Phytoestrogen[tiab] OR Phytoestrogens[tiab] OR Procalcitonin[tiab] OR Proglucagon[tiab] OR Pregnenolone[tiab] OR Progesterone[tiab] OR Proinsulin[tiab] OR Prolactin[tiab] OR Relaxin[tiab] OR Renin[tiab] OR Resistin[tiab] OR Secretin[tiab] OR Serotonin[tiab] OR Serum T3[tiab] OR Serum T4[tiab] OR Somatostatin[tiab] OR Somatotrop*[tiab] OR Steroid*[tiab] OR Testosterone[tiab] OR Tetrahydrocortisol[tiab] OR Tetrahydrocortisone[tiab] OR Thymalfasin[tiab] OR Thymic[tiab] OR Thymopentin[tiab] OR Thymopoietin[tiab] OR Thymosin[tiab] OR Thymus[tiab] OR Thyroid*[tiab] OR Thyrotrop*[tiab] OR Thyronine[tiab] OR Thyrosin[tiab] OR Thyrotrop*[tiab] OR Thyroxine[tiab] OR Triiodothyronine[tiab] OR TSH[tiab] OR Urocortin*[tiab] OR Urotensin[tiab] OR Vasopressin[tiab] OR Vasotocin[tiab]) AND ("2024/01/11"[Date - Publication] : "2026/02/03"[Date - Publication]) AND (English[Language]).

Annex A to TOX/2026/12 - Fluoridation literature search proposal development

Key searches to be confirmed

In this guide

This is a paper for discussion. This does not represent the views of the Committee and should not be cited.

Key search 6A - Human studies (WoS)

114.             TBC.

Key search 7A - Animal studies (WoS)

115.             TBC.

Key search 8A - Targeted search on prospective human cohort studies on developmental neurotoxicity (WoS)

116.             TBC.

Key search 9A - Targeted search on bone fractures and bone mineral density (WoS)

117.             TBC.

Key search 10A - Targeted search on effects on thyroid and exposure during pregnancy (WoS)

118.             TBC.

Annex A to TOX/2026/12 - Fluoridation literature search proposal development

References

In this guide

This is a paper for discussion. This does not represent the views of the Committee and should not be cited.

ANSES (2025). [French National Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety]. CLH report. Proposal for Harmonised Classification and Labelling Based on Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP Regulation), Annex VI, Part 2. Sodium fluoride. Version number: 2 Date: October, 2025. CLH Report

CADTH (2019). Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health. Technology Review. Community Water Fluoridation Programs: A Health Technology Assessment — Review of Dental Caries and Other Health Outcomes. Prospero Registration Number: CRD42017080057. February 2019. Community Water Fluoridation Programs: A Health Technology Assessment — Review of Dental Caries and Other Health Outcomes

EFSA (2025). European Food Safety Authority. Updated consumer risk assessment of fluoride in food and drinking water including the contribution from other sources of oral exposure. EFSA J. 23, e9478. Updated consumer risk assessment of fluoride in food and drinking water including the contribution from other sources of oral exposure

HRB (2022). Irish Health Research Board, Dublin. Impact of community water

fluoridation on systemic health excluding oral health: an evidence review. November 2022. Irish Health Research Board, Dublin. Impact of community water  

Jack B, Ayson M, Lewis S, Irving A, Agresta B, Ko H, and Stoklosa A (2016).

Health Effects of Water Fluoridation: Evidence Evaluation Report, report to the National Health and Medical Research Council, Canberra. 24 August 2016. fluoridation-evidence.pdf

McLaren L and Singhal S (2016). Does cessation of community water fluoridation lead to an increase in tooth decay? A systematic review of published studies. J Epidemiol Community Health. 70(9):934-940.

NTP (2024). National Toxicology Program. NTP monograph on the state of the science concerning fluoride exposure and neurodevelopment and cognition: a systematic review. NTP Monograph 08. August 2024. NTP Monograph: State of the Science Concerning Fluoride Exposure and Neurodevelopment and Cognition: A Systematic Review; August 2024

RSNZ (2014). Royal Society of New Zealand. Health effects of water fluoridation: a review of the scientific evidence. A report on behalf of the Royal Society of New Zealand and the Office of the Prime Minister’s Chief Science Advisor. August 2014. Microsoft Word - Health-effects-of-water-fluoridation_Aug_2014_corrected_Jan_2015.docx