References - PFAS/2023/04
In this guide
In this guideAlison, R. H., Capen, C. C., & Prentice, D. E. (1994). Neoplastic lesions of questionable significance to humans. Toxicol Pathol, 22(2), 179-186. https://doi.org/10.1177/019262339402200211
ATSDR. (2021). Toxicological Profile for Perfluoroalkyls.
Butenhoff, J., Costa, G., Elcombe, C., Farrar, D., Hansen, K., Iwai, H., Jung, R., Kennedy Jr, G., Lieder, P., Olsen, G., & Thomford, P. (2002). Toxicity of ammonium perfluorooctanoate in male cynomolgus monkeys after oral dosing for 6 months [Article]. Toxicological Sciences, 69(1), 244-257. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/69.1.244
Butenhoff, J. L., Bjork, J. A., Chang, S. C., Ehresman, D. J., Parker, G. A., Das, K., Lau, C., Lieder, P. H., van Otterdijk, F. M., & Wallace, K. B. (2012a). Toxicological evaluation of ammonium perfluorobutyrate in rats: Twenty-eight-day and ninety-day oral gavage studies [Article]. Reproductive Toxicology, 33(4), 513-530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.08.004
Butenhoff, J. L., Chang, S. C., Ehresman, D. J., & York, R. G. (2009a). Evaluation of potential reproductive and developmental toxicity of potassium perfluorohexanesulfonate in Sprague Dawley rats [Article]. Reproductive Toxicology, 27(3-4), 331-341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.01.004
Butenhoff, J. L., Chang, S. C., Olsen, G. W., & Thomford, P. J. (2012b). Chronic dietary toxicity and carcinogenicity study with potassium perfluorooctanesulfonate in Sprague Dawley rats [Article]. Toxicology, 293(1-3), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2012.01.003
Butenhoff, J. L., Ehresman, D. J., Chang, S. C., Parker, G. A., & Stump, D. G. (2009b). Gestational and lactational exposure to potassium perfluorooctanesulfonate (K+PFOS) in rats: Developmental neurotoxicity [Article]. Reproductive Toxicology, 27(3-4), 319-330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.12.010
Butenhoff, J. L., Kennedy Jr, G. L., Chang, S. C., & Olsen, G. W. (2012c). Chronic dietary toxicity and carcinogenicity study with ammonium perfluorooctanoate in Sprague-Dawley rats [Article]. Toxicology, 298(1-3), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2012.04.001
Chang, S., Allen, B. C., Andres, K. L., Ehresman, D. J., Falvo, R., Provencher, A., Olsen, G. W., & Butenhoff, J. L. (2017). Evaluation of serum lipid, thyroid, and hepatic clinical chemistries in association with serum perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) in cynomolgus monkeys after oral dosing with potassium PFOS [Article]. Toxicological Sciences, 156(2), 387-401, Article kfw267. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfw267
Chang, S. C., Ehresman, D. J., Bjork, J. A., Wallace, K. B., Parker, G. A., Stump, D. G., & Butenhoff, J. L. (2009). Gestational and lactational exposure to potassium perfluorooctanesulfonate (K+PFOS) in rats: Toxicokinetics, thyroid hormone status, and related gene expression [Article]. Reproductive Toxicology, 27(3-4), 387-399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.01.005
Chang, S. C., Thibodeaux, J. R., Eastvold, M. L., Ehresman, D. J., Bjork, J. A., Froehlich, J. W., Lau, C., Singh, R. J., Wallace, K. B., & Butenhoff, J. L. (2008). Thyroid hormone status and pituitary function in adult rats given oral doses of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) [Article]. Toxicology, 243(3), 330-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2007.10.014
Conley, J. M., Lambright, C. S., Evans, N., Medlock-Kakaley, E., Dixon, A., Hill, D., McCord, J., Strynar, M. J., Ford, J., & Gray, L. E., Jr. (2022). Cumulative maternal and neonatal effects of combined exposure to a mixture of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) during pregnancy in the Sprague-Dawley rat [Article]. Environment International, 170, 107631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2022.107631
Curran, I., Hierlihy, S. L., Liston, V., Pantazopoulos, P., Nunnikhoven, A., Tittlemier, S., Barker, M., Trick, K., & Bondy, G. (2008). Altered fatty acid homeostasis and related toxicologic sequelae in rats exposed to dietary potassium perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) [Article]. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health - Part A: Current Issues, 71(23), 1526-1541. https://doi.org/10.1080/15287390802361763
EFSA. (2012). Guidance on selected default values to be used by the EFSA Scientific Committee, Scientific Panels and Units in the absence of actual measured data. EFSA Journal, 10(30, 2579. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2579
EFSA. (2018). Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid in food. EFSA Journal, 16(12), 5194. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5194
EFSA. (2020). Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in food. EFSA Journal, 18(9), 6223. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6223
Elcombe, C. R., Elcombe, B. M., Foster, J. R., Chang, S. C., Ehresman, D. J., & Butenhoff, J. L. (2012a). Hepatocellular hypertrophy and cell proliferation in Sprague-Dawley rats from dietary exposure to potassium perfluorooctanesulfonate results from increased expression of xenosensor nuclear receptors PPARα and CAR/PXR [Article]. Toxicology, 293(1-3), 16-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2011.12.014
Elcombe, C. R., Elcombe, B. M., Foster, J. R., Chang, S. C., Ehresman, D. J., Noker, P. E., & Butenhoff, J. L. (2012b). Evaluation of hepatic and thyroid responses in male Sprague Dawley rats for up to eighty-four days following seven days of dietary exposure to potassium perfluorooctanesulfonate [Article]. Toxicology, 293(1-3), 30-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2011.12.015
Feng, X., Cao, X., Zhao, S., Wang, X., Hua, X., Chen, L., & Chen, L. (2017). Exposure of pregnant mice to perfluorobutanesulfonate causes hypothyroxinemia and developmental abnormalities in female offspring [Article]. Toxicological Sciences, 155(2), 409-419. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfw219
Fuentes, S., Colomina, M. T., Rodriguez, J., Vicens, P., & Domingo, J. L. (2006). Interactions in developmental toxicology: Concurrent exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and stress in pregnant mice [Article]. Toxicology Letters, 164(1), 81-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.11.013
Gilbert, M. E., O'Shaughnessy, K. L., Thomas, S. E., Riutta, C., Wood, C. R., Smith, A., Oshiro, W. O., Ford, R. L., Hotchkiss, M. G., Hassan, I., & Ford, J. L. (2021). Thyroid Disruptors: Extrathyroidal Sites of Chemical Action and Neurodevelopmental Outcome-An Examination Using Triclosan and Perfluorohexane Sulfonate [Article]. Toxicological Sciences, 183(1), 195-213. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfab080
Griffith, F. D., & Long, J. E. (1980). Animal toxicity studies with ammonium perfluorooctanoate [Article]. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 41(8), 576-583. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298668091425301
Harris, M. W., Uraih, L. C., & Birnbaum, L. S. (1989). Acute toxicity of perfluorodecanoic acid in C57BL/6 mice differs from 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin [Article]. Toxicological Sciences, 13(4), 723-736. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/13.4.723
Hirata-Koizumi, M., Fujii S, Hina K, Matsumoto M, Takahashi M, Ono A and Hirose A. (2015). Repeated dose and reproductive/developmental toxicity of long-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids in rats: perfluorohexadecanoic acid and perfluorotetradecanoic acid. . Fundamental Toxicological Sciences, 2, , 177–190.
Klimisch, H. J., Andreae, M., & Tillmann, U. (1997). A systematic approach for evaluating the quality of experimental toxicological and ecotoxicological data. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol, 25(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1006/rtph.1996.1076
Langley, A. E., & Pilcher, G. D. (1985). Thyroid, bradycardic and hypothermic effects of perfluoro-n-decanoic acid in rats [Article]. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, 15(3-4), 485-491. https://doi.org/10.1080/15287398509530675
Lau, C., Thibodeaux, J. R., Hanson, R. G., Rogers, J. M., Grey, B. E., Stanton, M. E., Butenhoff, J. L., & Stevenson, L. A. (2003). Exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate during pregnancy in rat and mouse. II: postnatal evaluation. Toxicol Sci, 74(2), 382-392. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfg122
Loveless, S. E., Slezak, B., Serex, T., Lewis, J., Mukerji, P., O'Connor, J. C., Donner, E. M., Frame, S. R., Korzeniowski, S. H., & Buck, R. C. (2009). Toxicological evaluation of sodium perfluorohexanoate [Article]. Toxicology, 264(1-2), 32-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2009.07.011
Luebker, D. J., York, R. G., Hansen, K. J., Moore, J. A., & Butenhoff, J. L. (2005). Neonatal mortality from in utero exposure to perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) in Sprague-Dawley rats: Dose-response, and biochemical and pharamacokinetic parameters [Article]. Toxicology, 215(1-2), 149-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2005.07.019
NTP. (2022a). NTP Technical Report on the Toxicity Studies of Perfluoroalkyl Carboxylates (Perfluorohexanoic Acid, Perfluorooctanoic Acid, Perfluorononanoic Acid, and Perfluorodecanoic Acid) Administered by Gavage to Sprague Dawley (Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD) Rats (Revised). NTP TOX 97. August 2019. Revised July 2022.
NTP. (2022b). NTP Technical Report on the Toxicity Studies of Perfluoroalkyl Sulfonates (Perfluorobutane Sulfonic Acid, Perfluorohexane Sulfonate Potassium Salt, and Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid) Administered by Gavage to Sprague Dawley (Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD) Rats (Revised). NTP TOX 96. August 2019. Revised July 2022.
Ramhøj, L., Hass, U., Boberg, J., Scholze, M., Christiansen, S., Nielsen, F., & Axelstad, M. (2018). Perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) and a mixture of endocrine disrupters reduce thyroxine levels and cause antiandrogenic effects in rats [Article]. Toxicological Sciences, 163(2), 579-591. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfy055
Ramhøj, L., Hass, U., Gilbert, M. E., Wood, C., Svingen, T., Usai, D., Vinggaard, A. M., Mandrup, K., & Axelstad, M. (2020). Evaluating thyroid hormone disruption: investigations of long-term neurodevelopmental effects in rats after perinatal exposure to perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) [Article]. Scientific Reports, 10(1), Article 2672. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-59354-z
Seacat, A. M., Thomford, P. J., Hansen, K. J., Olsen, G. W., Case, M. T., & Butenhoff, J. L. (2002). Subchronic toxicity studies on perfluorooctanesulfonate potassium salt in cynomolgus monkeys [Article]. Toxicological Sciences, 68(1), 249-264. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/68.1.249
Thibodeaux, J. R., Hanson, R. G., Rogers, J. M., Grey, B. E., Barbee, B. D., Richards, J. H., Butenhoff, J. L., Stevenson, L. A., & Lau, C. (2003). Exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate during pregnancy in rat and mouse. I: Maternal and prenatal evaluations [Review]. Toxicological Sciences, 74(2), 369-381. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfg121
USEPA. (2023). IRIS Toxicological Review of Perfluorohexanesulfonic Acid (PFHxS, CASRN 335-46-4) and Related Salts. EPA/635/R-23/148a. External Review Draft.
Van Rafelghem, M. J., Inhorn, S. L., & Peterson, R. E. (1987). Effects of perfluorodecanoic acid on thyroid status in rats [Article]. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 87(3), 430-439. https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X(87)90248-1
Wang, F., Liu, W., Jin, Y., Dai, J., Zhao, H., Xie, Q., Liu, X., Yu, W., & Ma, J. (2011). Interaction of PFOS and BDE-47 co-exposure on thyroid hormone levels and TH-related gene and protein expression in developing rat brains [Article]. Toxicological Sciences, 121(2), 279-291. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfr068
Yu, W. G., Liu, W., & Jin, Y. H. (2009a). Effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate on RAT thyroid hormone biosynthesis and metabolism [Article]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 28(5), 990-996. https://doi.org/10.1897/08-345.1
Yu, W. G., Liu, W., Jin, Y. H., Liu, X. H., Wang, F. Q., Liu, L., & Nakayama, S. F. (2009b). Prenatal and postnatal impact of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) on rat development: a cross-foster study on chemical burden and thyroid hormone system. Environ Sci Technol, 43(21), 8416-8422. https://doi.org/10.1021/es901602d
Yu, W. G., Liu, W., Liu, L., & Jin, Y. H. (2011). Perfluorooctane sulfonate increased hepatic expression of OAPT2 and MRP2 in rats [Article]. Archives of Toxicology, 85(6), 613-621. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-010-0613-x