List of Abbreviations

ACAH

Acute cholestatic autoimmune hepatitis

ADCC

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity

ADR

Adverse drug reactions

AIDS

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

ALT

Alanine aminotransferase 

AST

Aspartate aminotransferase

AUC

Area under the curve

bFGF

Basic fibroblast growth factor

BMDCs

Bone marrow derived dendritic cells

bw

Body weight

CAM

Complementary and alternative medicines

CFS

Chronic fatigue syndrome

CFU

Colony forming units

CI

Confidence intervals

CYP

Cytochrome P450

DER

Drug extract ratio

EFSA

European Food Standards Agency

ELISA

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 

EMA

European Medicine Agency

FCV

Feline calicivirus

FDA

Food and drug administration

GLP

Good laboratory practice

GHS

Globally Harmonized Classification System

HBGV

Health-based guidance values

HMR

Human Medicines Regulation

HMPC

Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products

HPLC

High performance liquid chromatography

HPRT

Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase

HSV

Herpes simplex virus

ICP-MS

Inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometer

IgE

Immunoglobulin E

IgG

Immunoglobulin G

IL

Interleukin

INF

Inteferon

IV

Intravenous

LDH

Lactate dehydrogenase

LU

Lytic units

MAPK

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MDCK

Madin-Darby canine kidney cells

MHRA

Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency

MN

Micronuclei

MNPCE

Micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes 

NHANES

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

NCE

Normochromatic erythrocytes

NDNS

National Diet and Nutrition Survey

NF-κB

Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells

NK cells

Natural killer cells

OECD

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

PBMC

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells

PCE

Polychromatic erythrocytes

PFU

Plaque-forming unit

P-gp

P glycoprotein

PMN

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes

PNG

Polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes

RBCs

Red blood cells

RET

Reticulocytes

RPMI

Roswell Park Memorial Institute

RSV

Respiratory syncytial virus

SARS-CoV-2

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 

SHE

Syrian hamster embryo cells

SMA

Smooth muscle antibodies

STP

Skin prick testing

TGF-β1

Transforming growth factor beta

THR

Traditional herbal registration

TNF

Tumour necrosis factor

TTP

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

UKTIS

UK Teratology Information Service

VEGF

Vascular endothelial growth factor

WBC

White blood count

WHO

World Health Organization