Technical Information - Statement on the EFSA Opinion on the risks to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in food

karyopyknosis

Karyopyknosis is the irreversible condensation of chromatin in the nucleus of a cell undergoing necrosis or apoptosis.

surface water

A surface water is one abstracted form a river or reservoir and groundwater is abstracted from a well or borehole. Springs are a bit of a grey area and some groundwaters can be influenced by surface water. Generally, groundwaters are of better and more stable quality but can be affected by persistent pollutants. About 2/3 of the drinking water supply in England and Wales is derived from surface water and 1/3 from groundwater. The south and the east is more dependent on groundwater supplies than the north and the west (DWI, personal communication, 2021).