Abbreviations Table - Statement on the safety of Titanium Dioxide (E171) as a Food Additive

ABCs

Aberrant crypts

ACF

Aberrant Crypt Foci

A(ChE)

Acetyl Cholinesterase

ADME

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion

ADI

Acceptable Daily Intake

AGD

Anogenital Distance

ANS

Additives and Nutrient Sources

ANSES

Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety

AOP

Adverse Outcome Pathway

AUC

Area under the curve

BET

Brunauer-Emmett-Teller

BSA

Bovine serum albumin

CA

Chromosome aberration

CAC

Colitis Associated Cancer

CEA

Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives

COM

Committee on the Mutagenicity of chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment

COT

Committee on the Toxicity of chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment

COX

Cyclooxygenase

CRAMP

cathelin-related antimicrobial peptide

CY

Cyclophosphamide

DC

Dendritic cells

DLS

Dynamic Light Scattering

DMH

dimethylhydrazine

DNSIYC

Diet and Nutrition Survey of Infants and Young Children

EAT

Exposure Assessment Team

EC

European Commission

ECHA

European Chemicals Agency

EDM-HSI

Enhanced darkfield microscopy with hyperspectral imaging

EDTA

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

EDX

Energy-dispersive X-ray

EFSA

European Food Safety Authority

ELISA

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

EOGRT

Extended One Generation Reproductive Toxicity

ER

Endoplasmic Reticulum

EU

European Union

FACS

Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting

FAF

The Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings

FAO

Food and Agriculture Organisation

FBS

Fetal bovine serum

FSA

Food Standards Agency

FSANZ

Food Standards Australia New Zealand

GALT

Gut-associated lymphoid tissue

GD

Gestation Day

GFAP

Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein

GI

Gastrointestinal

GIT

Gastrointestinal Tract

GLP

Good Laboratory Practice

GM-CSF

Granulocyte Macrophage – Colony Stimulating Factor

GSH

Glutathione

HBGV

Health-based Guidance Value

hprt

hypoxanthine phosphorybosyl transferase

IARC

International Agency for Research on Cancer

ICAM

Intercellular Adhesion Molecule

ICP-AES

Inductively coupled plasma – atomic emission spectrometry

ICP-MS

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

IEL

intraepithelial lymphocytes

IFN

Interferon

IgM

Immunoglobulin M

IL

Interleukin

INRS

Institut National de la Recherche et de Securite

i.v.

intravenous

JECFA

Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives

JRC

Joint Research Council

KLH

Keyhole limpet haemocyanin

LOD

Limit of Detection

LOQ

Limit of Quantification

MCHC

mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

MCV

Mean corpuscular volume

MN

Micronucleus

MPLs

Maximum Permitted Levels

NCI

National Cancer Institute

NDNS

National Diet and Nutrition Survey

NK

Natural killer

NMs

Engineered Nanomaterials

NOAEL

No Observed Adverse Effect Level

NPs

Nanoparticles

NRCWE

The National Research Centre for the Working Environment

NTP

US National Toxicology Program

OECD

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

OECD WPMN

OECD Working Party on Manufactured Nanomaterials

pg

pigment grade

PLYz

P-lysozyme

POD

Point of Departure

PSLT

Poorly Soluble Low Toxicity

PND

Postnatal Day

QS

Quantum Satis

RAG

Red, amber, green

RBC

Red blood cell

REG

regenerating islet-derived protein

RIVM

Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment

ROS

Reactive Oxygen Species

SCF

Scientific Committee on Food

SCCS

EU Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety

SD

Sprague Dawley

SDF

Stromal Cell-Derived Factor

SEM

Scanning Electron Microscopy

SOD

Superoxide dismutase

spICP-HRMS

single particle ICP-high resolution MS

STEM

Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy

TBARS

thiobarbituric acid reactive substances

TDMA

Titanium Dioxide Manufacturers Association

TEM

Transmission Electron Microscopy

TG

Test Guideline

TGF

Transforming Growth Factor

TLR

Toll-Like Receptor

TNF

Tumour Necrosis Factor

uf

ultrafine

WBC

White blood cell

WHO

World Health Organisation

XSDC

X-ray scanning disc centrifuge