Technical Terms - 2021 Workshop Report

Forward dosimetry

Forward dosimetry is an estimation of internal exposures from measurements of external exposure in studies characterising chemical toxicity.

Integrated External and Internal Exposure (INTEGRA)

Integrated External and Internal Exposure (INTEGRA) is a unified computational platform that integrates environmental fate, exposure and internal dose dynamically in time.

Magnolia

Magnolia is an environment for modelling systems whose behaviour can be described by systems of differential equations. Magnolia provides the tools for developing models using an equation-based modelling language, scripting the execution of simulations using either the Python programming language or a simple command-based language, and for interactively exploring model behaviour using an intuitive user interface.

Mixed-model approach

The mixed-model approach allows for modelling of both population level and individual differences in effects that have a non-linear effect on the observed outcome.

Monte Carlo Simulation (MCSim)

Monte Carlo Simulation (MCSim) is a general-purpose modelling programme which performs Monte Carlo simulations to generate a distribution of estimates.

Ontogeny

Ontogeny is the development or course of development, especially of an individual organism.

Population Life-course Exposure to Health Effects Model (PLETHEM)

Population Life-course Exposure to Health Effects Model (PLETHEM) suite, is a modular open-source modelling platform that provides users the ability to create, run, share, and audit PBPK models.

Point of departure

The point of departure (POD) is defined as the point on a toxicological dose-response curve established from experimental data or observational data; generally responding to an estimated low effect level or no effect level used as the starting point to establish a safe level or level of low concern.

Read across

Read-across is a technique for predicting endpoint information for one substance (target substance), by using data from the same endpoint from (an)other substance(s); the source substance(s).

Reverse dosimetry

Reverse dosimetry us an estimation of environmental exposures consistent with measured biological data.

Tox21

Toxicology in the 21st Century (Tox21) is a United States federal research collaboration, testing thousands of environmental chemicals using non-animal methods for potential health effects. Further information is available on the Tox21 website. See also the US Environmental Protection Agency’s website for adopting new approach methodologies.