References - Statement on vitamin D Exposure Levels in Formula Fed Infants and Children

Bates B., Lennox A., Prentice A., et al. (2014) National Diet and Nutrition Survey Results from Years 1, 2, 3 and 4 (combined) of the Rolling Programme (2008/2009 – 2011/2012)

Bates B., Cox L., Nicholson S., et al. (2016) National Diet and Nutrition Survey Results from Years 5 and 6 (combined) of the Rolling Programme (2012/2013 – 2013/2014) 

Bates B., Collins D., Jones K., et al. (2020) National Diet and Nutrition Survey Results from years 9, 10 and 11 (combined) of the Rolling Programme (2016/2017 to 2018/2019)

Cardwell, G., Bornman, J.F., James, A.P., et al. (2018). A Review of Mushrooms as a Potential Source of Dietary Vitamin D. Nutrients 10(10): 1498: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101498

COT (2014) Statement on adverse effects of high levels of vitamin D.

Czech-Kowalska J., Pludowski P., Dobrzanska A., et al. (2012) Impact of vitamin D supplementation on markers of bone mineral metabolism in term infants. Bone 51: 781-786.

Dawodu A. & Tsang R.C. (2012) Maternal Vitamin D Status: Effect on Milk Vitamin D Content and Vitamin D Status of Breastfeeding Infants. American Society for Nutrition. Adv. Nutr. 3: 353-361 doi: 10.3945/an.111.000950.

DH (2013) Diet and Nutrition Survey of Infants and Young Children (DNSIYC), 2011.

EC (2006) Commission Directive 2006/141/EC of 22 December 2006 on infant formulae and follow-on formulae and amending Directive 1999/21/EC Text with EEA relevance.

EC (2019) Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/828 of 14 March 2019 amending Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/127 with regard to vitamin D requirements for infant formula and erucic acid requirements for infant formula and follow-on formula.

EFSA (2012) Scientific Opinion on the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of vitamin D. EFSA Journal 10(7): 2813.  

EFSA (2016) Dietary reference values for vitamin D. EFSA Journal 14(10): 4547  

EFSA (2018) Update of the tolerable upper intake level for vitamin D for infants. EFSA Journal 16(8): 5365

EFSA annex A (2018) Statistical methods used to estimate the intake-response of serum 25(OH)D concentration on daily supplemental intake of vitamin D and to derive the percentage of infants exceeding a serum 25(OH)D concentration. EFSA Journal 16(8):5365

Gallo S., Comeau K., Vanstone C., et al. (2013) Effect of different dosages of oral vitamin D supplementation on vitamin D status in healthy, breastfed infants: a randomized trial. Journal of the American Medical Association 309: 1785-1792.

Grant C.C., Stewart A.W., Scragg R., et al. (2014) Vitamin D during pregnancy and infancy and infant serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration. Pediatrics 133: e143-e153.

Hollis B.W., Wagner C.L., Howard C.R., et al. (2015) Maternal Versus Infant Vitamin D Supplementation During Lactation: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Pediatrics 136(4): 6250634.

Holmlund-Suila E., Viljakainen H., Hytinantti T., et al. (2012) High-dose vitamin d intervention in infants–effects on vitamin d status, calcium homeostasis, and bone strength. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 97: 4139-4147.

Mattila P.H., Piironen V.I., Uusi-Rauva E.J., et al. (1994) Vitamin D Contents in Edible Mushrooms. J Agricult Food Chem 42: 2449-2453.

Oberhelman S.S., Meekins M.E., Fischer P.R., et al. (2013) Maternal vitamin D supplementation to improve the vitamin D status of breastfed infants: a randomized control trial. Mayo Clin Proc. 88(12): 1378-1387.

Roberts, C., Steer, T., Maplethorpe, N., et al. (2018) National Diet and Nutrition Survey Results from Years 7 and 8 (combined) of the Rolling Programme (2014/2015 – 2015/2016)

SACN (2016) Vitamin D and Health.

SCF (2003) Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on the Tolerable Upper intake Level of vitamin D (Expressed on 4 December 2002), p. 183. 

Valkama S., Holmlund-Suila E., Enlund-Cerullo M., et al. (2017) No Severe Hypercalcemia with Daily Vitamin D3 Supplementation of up to 30 µg during the First Year of Life. Hormone Research in Paediatrics 88: 147-154.