References

Abdelhamid, A.M., Dorra, T.M., (1990). Study on effects of feeding laying hens on separate mycotoxins (aflatoxins, patulin, or citrinin)-contaminated diets on the egg quality and tissue constituents. Archives of Animal Nutrition 40, 305–316.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17450399009430927

Ali, N., Degen, G.H., (2020). Biological monitoring for ochratoxin A and citrinin and their metabolites in urine samples of infants and children in Bangladesh. Mycotoxin Res 36, 409–417. 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12550-020-00407-7 

Ambrose, A. M., & DeEds, F. (1946). Some toxicological and pharmacological properties of citrinin. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 88(2), 173-186.

Anninou, N., Chatzaki, E., Papachristou, F., Pitiakoudis, M., Simopoulos, C., (2014). Mycotoxins’ activity at toxic and sub-toxic concentrations: differential cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of single and combined administration of sterigmatocystin, ochratoxin A and citrinin on the hepatocellular cancer cell line Hep3B. Int J Environ Res Public Health 11, 1855–1872. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110201855 

Arai, M., Hibino, T., (1983). Tumorigenicity of citrinin in male F344 rats. Cancer Letters 17, 281–287. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3835(83)90165-9 

Bates, B., Lennox, A., Prentice, A., Bates, C., Page, P., Nicholson, S., Swan, G. (2014). National Diet and Nutrition Survey Results from Years 1, 2, 3 and 4 (combined) of the Rolling Programme (2008/2009 – 2011/2012) Main heading

Bates, B., Cox, L., Nicholson, S., Page, P., Prentice, A., Steer, T., Swan, G. (2016). National Diet and Nutrition Survey Results from Years 5 and 6 (combined) of the Rolling Programme (2012/2013 – 2013/2014) Main heading

Bates, B., Collins, D., Jones, K., Page, P., Roberts, C., Steer, T., Swan, G. (2020). National Diet and Nutrition Survey Results from years 9, 10 and 11 (combined) of the Rolling Programme (2016/2017 to 2018/2019) National Diet and Nutrition Survey

 Csenki, Z., Garai, E., Faisal, Z., Csepregi, R., Garai, K., Sipos, D.K., Szabó, I., Kőszegi, T., Czéh, Á., Czömpöly, T., Kvell, K., Poór, M., (2021). The individual and combined effects of ochratoxin A with citrinin and their metabolites (ochratoxin B, ochratoxin C, and dihydrocitrinone) on 2D/3D cell cultures, and zebrafish embryo models. Food and Chemical Toxicology 158, 112674.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2021.112674 

Degen, G.H., Ali, N., Gundert-Remy, U., (2018). Preliminary data on citrinin kinetics in humans and their use to estimate citrinin exposure based on biomarkers. Toxicology Letters 282, 43–48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.10.006  

EFSA (2012). Scientific Opinion on the risks for public and animal health related to the presence of citrinin in food and feed. EFSA Journal, 10(7): 2605.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2605

Ezekiel, C.N., Abia, W.A., Braun, D., Šarkanj, B., Ayeni, K.I., Oyedele, O.A., Michael-Chikezie, E.C., Ezekiel, V.C., Mark, B.N., Ahuchaogu, C.P., Krska, R., Sulyok, M., Turner, P.C., Warth, B., (2022). Mycotoxin exposure biomonitoring in breastfed and non-exclusively breastfed Nigerian children. Environ Int 158, 106996. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106996 

Faisal, Z., Vörös, V., Lemli, B., Derdák, D., Kunsági-Máté, S., Bálint, M., Hetényi, C., Csepregi, R., Kőszegi, T., Bergmann, D., (2019). Interaction of the mycotoxin metabolite dihydrocitrinone with serum albumin. Mycotoxin research 35, 129–139. DOI: 10.1007/s12550-018-0336-z

FSA (2014). Total Diet Study of metals and other elements in food. The Food and Environment Research Agency. FS102081.

Föllmann, W., Behm, C., Degen, G.H., (2014). Toxicity of the mycotoxin citrinin and its metabolite dihydrocitrinone and of mixtures of citrinin and ochratoxin A in vitro. Archives of Toxicology 88, 1097–1107. DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1216-8

Hayashi, H., Itahashi, M., Taniai, E., Yafune, A., Sugita-Konishi, Y., Mitsumori, K., Shibutani, M., (2012). Induction of ovarian toxicity in a subchronic oral toxicity study of citrinin in female BALB/c mice. The Journal of toxicological sciences 37, 1177–1190. DOI: 10.2131/jts.37.1177

Hetherington, A. C., & Raistrick, H. (1931). On the production and chemical constitution of a new yellow colouring matter, citrinin, produced from glucose by Penicillium citrinum Thom. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character, 220, 269-295.

Islam, M. R., Roh, Y. S., Cho, A., Kim, J., Kim, J. H., Eo, S. K., ... & Kim, B. (2012). Immune modulatory effects of the foodborne contaminant citrinin in mice. Food and chemical toxicology, 50(10), 3537-3547. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.06.050

Jagdale, P.R., Dev, I., Ayanur, A., Singh, D., Arshad, M., Ansari, K.M., (2020). Safety evaluation of Ochratoxin A and Citrinin after 28 days repeated dose oral exposure to Wistar rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 115, 104700. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104700

Jeswal, P., (1996). Citrinin-induced chromosomal abnormalities in the bone marrow cells of Mus musculus. Cytobios 86, 29–33.

Kumar, M., Dwivedi, P., Sharma, A.K., Sankar, M., Patil, R.D., Singh, N.D., (2014). Apoptosis and lipid peroxidation in ochratoxin A- and citrinin-induced nephrotoxicity in rabbits. Toxicol Ind Health 30, 90–98. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0748233712452598 

Kuroda, K., Ishii, Y., Takasu, S., Kijima, A., Matsushita, K., Watanabe, M., Takahashi, H., Sugita-Konishi, Y., Sakai, H., Yanai, T., Nohmi, T., Ogawa, K., Umemura, T., (2013). Cell cycle progression, but not genotoxic activity, mainly contributes to citrinin-induced renal carcinogenesis. Toxicology 311, 216–224. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2013.07.003 

Kyei, N.N.A., Cramer, B., Humpf, H.-U., Degen, G.H., Ali, N., Gabrysch, S., (2022). Assessment of multiple mycotoxin exposure and its association with food consumption: a human biomonitoring study in a pregnant cohort in rural Bangladesh. Arch Toxicol 96, 2123–2138.

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-022-03288-0 

Kyei, N.N.A., Waid, J.L., Ali, N., Cramer, B., Humpf, H.-U., Gabrysch, S., (2023). Maternal exposure to multiple mycotoxins and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a prospective cohort study in rural Bangladesh. Arch Toxicol 97, 1795–1812. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-023-03491-7 

Lee, C. H., Pan, T. M., (2010). A 90‐D toxicity study of Monascus‐fermented products including high citrinin level. Journal of food science 75, T91–T97. DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01626.x

Meerpoel, C., Vidal, A., Tangni, E.K., Huybrechts, B., Couck, L., De Rycke, R., De Bels, L., De Saeger, S., Van den Broeck, W., Devreese, M., (2020a). A study of carry-over and histopathological effects after chronic dietary intake of citrinin in pigs, broiler chickens and laying hens. Toxins 12, 719. DOI: 10.3390/toxins12110719

Meerpoel, C., Vidal, A., Huybrechts, B., Tangni, E.K., Saeger, S.D., Croubels, S., Devreese, M., (2020b). Comprehensive toxicokinetic analysis reveals major interspecies differences in absorption, distribution and elimination of citrinin in pigs and broiler chickens. Food and Chemical Toxicology 141, 111365. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2020.111365 

Narváez, A., Izzo, L., Rodríguez-Carrasco, Y., Ritieni, A., (2021). Citrinin Dietary Exposure Assessment Approach through Human Biomonitoring High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry-Based Data. J Agric Food Chem 69, 6330–6338. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01776 

Reddy, R. V., Maruya, K., Hayes, A. W., & Bernd, W. O. (1982a). Embryocidal teratogenic and fetotoxic effects of citrinin in rats. Toxicology 25, 151-160. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-483X(82)90026-9

Reddy, R.V., Wallace Hayes, A., Berndt, W.O., (1982b). Disposition and metabolism of [14C]citrinin in pregnant rats. Toxicology 25, 161–174.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-483X(82)90027-0 

RIVM (2017) Assessment of the toxicity of citrinin. Assessment of the toxicity of citrinin

Roberts, C., Steer, T., Maplethorpe, N., Cox, L., Meadows, S., Page, P., Nicholson, S., Swan, G. (2018). National Diet and Nutrition Survey Results from Years 7 and 8 (combined) of the Rolling Programme (2014/2015 – 2015/2016) National Diet and Nutrition Survey

Sabater-Vilar, M., Maas, R. F., & Fink-Gremmels, J. (1999). Mutagenicity of commercial Monascus fermentation products and the role of citrinin contamination. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 444(1), 7-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5718(99)00095-9

SACN (2011), The influence of maternal, fetal and child nutrition on the development of chronic disease in later life. SACN_Early_Life_Nutrition_Report.pdf

SACN (2018), Feeding in the First Year of Life. SACN_report_on_Feeding_in_the_First_Year_of_Life.pdf

Singh, N., Sharma, A., Dwivedi, P., Kumar, M., Telang, A., Patil, R., (2012). Studies on apoptotic changes in combined toxicity of citrinin and endosulfan in pregnant Wistar rats and their fetuses. Toxicol Int 19, 138. DOI: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22778511/ 

Singh, N.D., Sharma, A.K., Dwivedi, P., Leishangthem, G.D., Rahman, S., Reddy, J., Kumar, M., (2014). Effect of feeding graded doses of citrinin on apoptosis and oxidative stress in male Wistar rats through the F1 generation. Toxicology and industrial health 32, 385–397.

DOI: 10.1177/0748233713500836                                           

Sugiyama, K. I., Yamazaki, R., Kinoshita, M., Kamata, Y., Tani, F., Minai, Y., & Sugita-Konishi, Y. (2013). Inhibitory effect of citrinin on lipopolisaccharide-induced nitric oxide production by mouse macrophage cells. Mycotoxin research, 29, 229-234. DOI: 10.1007/s12550-013-0175-x

Tsai, J. F., Wu, T.S., Huang, Y.T., Lin, W.J., Yu, F.Y., Liu, B.H., (2023). Exposure to Mycotoxin Citrinin Promotes Carcinogenic Potential of Human Renal Cells. J Agric Food Chem 71, 19054–19065. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05218  

Wei, W., Li, C., Wang, Y., Su, H., Zhu, J., Kritchevsky, D., (2003). Hypolipidemic and anti-atherogenic effects of long-term Cholestin (Monascus purpureus-fermented rice, red yeast rice) in cholesterol fed rabbits. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 14, 314–318. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0955-2863(03)00051-2 

WHO (2009). Food Safey. Project to update the principles and methods for the assessment of chemicals in food. Principles and methods for the risk assessment of chemicals in food. Principles and methods for the risk assessment of chemicals in food (EHC 240, 2009)

Xu, R., Shandilya, U. K., Yiannikouris, A., & Karrow, N. A. (2022). Ochratoxin A and Citrinin Differentially Modulate Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cell Permeability and Innate Immune Function. Toxins, 14(9), 640. DOI: 10.3390/toxins14090640