References

This is a paper for discussion. This does not represent the views of the Committee and should not be cited.

ANSES (2025). CLH report. Proposal for Harmonised Classification and Labelling Based on Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP Regulation), Annex VI, Part 2. Sodium fluoride. Version number: 2 Date: October, 2025.

CADTH (2019). Technology Review. Community Water Fluoridation Programs: A Health Technology Assessment — Review of Dental Caries and Other Health Outcomes. Prospero Registration Number: CRD42017080057. February 2019.

Chankanka et al (2010). A literature review of aesthetic perceptions of dental fluorosis and relationship with psychosocial aspects/oral health-related quality of life. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 28(2), 97-109.

Do and Spencer (2007). Oral health-related quality of life of children by dental caries and fluorosis experience. J Public Health Dent 67(3), 132-139.

EFSA (2025).  Updated consumer risk assessment of fluoride in food and drinking water including the contribution from other sources of oral exposure. EFSA J. 23, e9478.

GBD (2013). 2010 Country Results: A global public good. Lancet 381, 965-970.

Griffin et al (2007). Effectiveness of Fluoride in Preventing Caries in Adults. Journal of Dental Research 86(5), 410–415.

HRB (2022). Impact of community water fluoridation on systemic health excluding oral health: an evidence review. November 2022.

Jack et al (2016). Health Effects of Water Fluoridation: Evidence Evaluation Report, report to the National Health and Medical Research Council, Canberra. 24 August 2016.

Macey et al (2018). A comparison of dental fluorosis in adult populations with and without lifetime exposure to water fluoridation. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 46(6), 608-614.

Marinho et al (2013). Fluoride varnishes for preventing dental caries in in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews 2013.

Marinho et al (2016). Fluoride mouthrinses for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2016.

NTP (2024). NTP monograph on the state of the science concerning fluoride exposure and neurodevelopment and cognition: a systematic review. NTP Monograph 08.

OHID (2024). Oral health survey of children in year 6, 2023.

OHID (2025a). Oral health survey of 5 year old schoolchildren 2024.

OHID (2025b). Adult Dental Health Survey 2023, Clinical oral health.

OHID (2025c). Delivering better oral health: an evidence-based toolkit for prevention.

OHID (2025d). Adult Dental Health Survey 2023, Oral health-related behaviours.

OHID (2026). Hospital tooth extractions in 0 to 19 year olds: 2025.

OPMSCA (2021). Fluoridation: Webpage Content. Updated October 2021.

PHE (2017). Health matters: Child dental health.

PHE (2021). Oral health survey of 3 year old children 2020.

Pretty et al (2016). Prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in four English cities. Community Dental Health 33(4), 292-296.

RSNZ (2014). Health effects of water fluoridation: a review of the scientific evidence. A report on behalf of the Royal Society of New Zealand and the Office of the Prime Minister’s Chief Science Advisor.

Ten Cate (2013). Contemporary perspectives on the use of fluoride products in caries prevention. British Dental Journal 214, 161-167.

Tubert-Jeannin et al (2011). Fluoride supplements (tables, lozenges, or chewing gums) for preventing tooth decay in Children. Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews 2011.

Yeung et al (2015). Fluoridated milk for preventing tooth decay. Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews 2015